A practical transportation problem for finding the “departure” time at “all source nodes” in order to arrive at “some destination nodes” at specified time for both FIFO (i.e., First In First Out) and Non-FIFO “...A practical transportation problem for finding the “departure” time at “all source nodes” in order to arrive at “some destination nodes” at specified time for both FIFO (i.e., First In First Out) and Non-FIFO “Dynamic ” Networks is considered in this study. Although shortest path (SP) for dynamic networks have been studied/documented by various researchers, contributions from this present work consists of a sparse matrix storage scheme for efficiently storing large scale sparse network’s connectivity, a concept of Time Delay Factor (TDF) combining with a “general piece- wise linear function” to describe the link cost as a function of time for Non-FIFO links’ costs, and Backward Dijkstra SP Algorithm with simple heuristic rules for rejecting unwanted solutions during the backward search algorithm. Both small-scale (academic) networks as well as large- scale (real-life) networks are investigated in this work to explain and validate the proposed dynamic algorithms. Numerical results obtained from this research work have indicated that the newly proposed dynamic algorithm is reliable, and efficient. Based on the numerical results, the calculated departure time at the source node(s), for a given/specified arrival time at the destination node(s), can be non-unique, for some Non-FIFO networks’ connectivity.展开更多
Background:To date,research has shown an increasing use of the term“ecohealth”in literature,but few researchers have explicitly described how it has been used.We investigated a project on health and environmental sa...Background:To date,research has shown an increasing use of the term“ecohealth”in literature,but few researchers have explicitly described how it has been used.We investigated a project on health and environmental sanitation(the conceptual framework of which included the pillars of ecohealth)to identify the impediments and enablers of ecohealth and investigate how it can move from concept to practice.Methods:A case study approach was used.The interview questions were centred on the nature of interactions and the sharing of information between stakeholders.Results:The analysis identified nine impediments and 15 enablers of ecohealth.Three themes relating to impediments,in particular-integration is not clear,don’t understand,and limited participation-related more directly to the challenges in applying the ecohealth pillars of transdisciplinarity and participation.The themes relating to enablers-awareness and understanding,capacity development,and interactions-facilitated usage of the research results.By extracting information on the environmental,social,economic,and health aspects of environmental sanitation,we found that the issue spanned multiple scales and sectors.Conclusion:The challenge of how to integrate these aspects should be considered at the design stage and throughout the research process.We recommend that ecohealth research teams include a self-investigation of their processes in order to facilitate a comparison of moving from concept to practice,which may offer insights into how to evaluate the process.展开更多
The post-translational protein modification known as SUMOylation has conserved roles in the heat stress responses of various species.The functional connection between the global regulation of gene expression and chrom...The post-translational protein modification known as SUMOylation has conserved roles in the heat stress responses of various species.The functional connection between the global regulation of gene expression and chromatin-associatedSUMOylation in plant cells isunknown.Here,weuncovereda genome-wide relationship between chromatin-associated SUMOylation and transcriptional switches in Arabidopsis thaliana grown at room temperature,exposed to heat stress,and exposed to heat stress followed by recovery.The small ubiquitin-like modifier(SUMO)-associated chromatin sites,characterized by whole-genome ChIP-seq,were generally associated with active chromatin markers.In response to heat stress,chromatin-associated SUMO signals increased at promoter-transcriptional start site regions and decreased in gene bodies.RNAseq analysis supported the role of chromatin-associatedSUMOylation in transcriptional activation during rapid responses to high temperature.Changes inSUMOsignals on chromatinwere associated with the upregulation of heat-responsivegenesandthedownregulation ofgrowth-relatedgenes.Disruption of theSUMOligasegene SIZ1 abolished SUMOsignals on chromatin and attenuated rapid transcriptional responses to heat stress.The SUMO signal peaks were enriched in DNA elements recognized by distinct groups of transcription factors under different temperature conditions.These observations provide evidence that chromatin-associated SUMOylation regulates the transcriptional switch between development and heat stress response in plant cells.展开更多
文摘A practical transportation problem for finding the “departure” time at “all source nodes” in order to arrive at “some destination nodes” at specified time for both FIFO (i.e., First In First Out) and Non-FIFO “Dynamic ” Networks is considered in this study. Although shortest path (SP) for dynamic networks have been studied/documented by various researchers, contributions from this present work consists of a sparse matrix storage scheme for efficiently storing large scale sparse network’s connectivity, a concept of Time Delay Factor (TDF) combining with a “general piece- wise linear function” to describe the link cost as a function of time for Non-FIFO links’ costs, and Backward Dijkstra SP Algorithm with simple heuristic rules for rejecting unwanted solutions during the backward search algorithm. Both small-scale (academic) networks as well as large- scale (real-life) networks are investigated in this work to explain and validate the proposed dynamic algorithms. Numerical results obtained from this research work have indicated that the newly proposed dynamic algorithm is reliable, and efficient. Based on the numerical results, the calculated departure time at the source node(s), for a given/specified arrival time at the destination node(s), can be non-unique, for some Non-FIFO networks’ connectivity.
基金the Canadian Community of Practice in Ecohealth and the International Development Research Centre for funding this researchthe Hanoi School of Public Health(Department of Environmental Health),the National Institute for Hygiene and Epidemiology,the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute,and the International Livestock Research Institute’s Ecosystem Approaches to Better Management of Zoonotic Infectious Diseases project for their in-kind contributions to this research+1 种基金the research participants from the community and local institutions in the study sites for their insights into the research processand the Public Health Agency of Canada for providing stipend support to VN.
文摘Background:To date,research has shown an increasing use of the term“ecohealth”in literature,but few researchers have explicitly described how it has been used.We investigated a project on health and environmental sanitation(the conceptual framework of which included the pillars of ecohealth)to identify the impediments and enablers of ecohealth and investigate how it can move from concept to practice.Methods:A case study approach was used.The interview questions were centred on the nature of interactions and the sharing of information between stakeholders.Results:The analysis identified nine impediments and 15 enablers of ecohealth.Three themes relating to impediments,in particular-integration is not clear,don’t understand,and limited participation-related more directly to the challenges in applying the ecohealth pillars of transdisciplinarity and participation.The themes relating to enablers-awareness and understanding,capacity development,and interactions-facilitated usage of the research results.By extracting information on the environmental,social,economic,and health aspects of environmental sanitation,we found that the issue spanned multiple scales and sectors.Conclusion:The challenge of how to integrate these aspects should be considered at the design stage and throughout the research process.We recommend that ecohealth research teams include a self-investigation of their processes in order to facilitate a comparison of moving from concept to practice,which may offer insights into how to evaluate the process.
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong(2018B030308002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871222,31670286,31771504,and 31970531)+2 种基金the Guangdong YangFan Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Project(2015YT02H032)the Program for Changjiang Scholarsthe Guangdong Special Support Program of Young Top-Notch Talent in Science and Technology Innovation(2019TQ05N651).
文摘The post-translational protein modification known as SUMOylation has conserved roles in the heat stress responses of various species.The functional connection between the global regulation of gene expression and chromatin-associatedSUMOylation in plant cells isunknown.Here,weuncovereda genome-wide relationship between chromatin-associated SUMOylation and transcriptional switches in Arabidopsis thaliana grown at room temperature,exposed to heat stress,and exposed to heat stress followed by recovery.The small ubiquitin-like modifier(SUMO)-associated chromatin sites,characterized by whole-genome ChIP-seq,were generally associated with active chromatin markers.In response to heat stress,chromatin-associated SUMO signals increased at promoter-transcriptional start site regions and decreased in gene bodies.RNAseq analysis supported the role of chromatin-associatedSUMOylation in transcriptional activation during rapid responses to high temperature.Changes inSUMOsignals on chromatinwere associated with the upregulation of heat-responsivegenesandthedownregulation ofgrowth-relatedgenes.Disruption of theSUMOligasegene SIZ1 abolished SUMOsignals on chromatin and attenuated rapid transcriptional responses to heat stress.The SUMO signal peaks were enriched in DNA elements recognized by distinct groups of transcription factors under different temperature conditions.These observations provide evidence that chromatin-associated SUMOylation regulates the transcriptional switch between development and heat stress response in plant cells.
