Following crustal stress and the tectonic evolutions that lead to the triggering of seisms is still premature, for technological reasons. Instead, in view of the energies involved, which are in the order of kilotons, ...Following crustal stress and the tectonic evolutions that lead to the triggering of seisms is still premature, for technological reasons. Instead, in view of the energies involved, which are in the order of kilotons, it is necessary to collect symptoms manifesting inside the Earth. The greater the stresses produced, the more evident will be the seismic signals manifesting on a global scale. From the point of view of teaching, it is proposed to study seismology in secondary schools using an ＂evidential＂ paradigm, rather than the ＂Galileian＂ sort. This will require a more modern approach, one that considers non-linearity an investigation model that is more in line with the Natural Science approach. To this effect, also the seismology lab is transformed from a place where reality is ＂reproduced＂, into a setting where comparisons are made in the intrinsic presence of clues rather than proofs. The instruments used to carry out this project, which is taking its first steps in an experimental form in Parma （Italy）, can be reproduced at low cost, but without forsaking precision measurements. The instruments in question are those used to detect radio anomalies, acoustic emissions produced in the deepest layers of the terrestrial crust, and variations in gravity that require a computer to interface data and elaborate signals 24/7.展开更多
This study proposes, from the theoretical point of view, the calculation of the gravitational constant <em>G</em>, made starting from the charge and the electron mass, taking the constant of the Fine Struc...This study proposes, from the theoretical point of view, the calculation of the gravitational constant <em>G</em>, made starting from the charge and the electron mass, taking the constant of the Fine Structure into examination. In the empty space, couples of virtual positron electrons dematerialize, giving virtual photon origin. They, at their time, will become electrons, positrons and so on. These transformations are made keeping the board of their “amount of movement” and when they meet the matter, these couples come, reissued depending on the field and on the matter mass. The matter is the change of the trend of their gyromagnetic movement relationship which puts under pressure. In presence of two masses, this gyromagnetic movement relationship is already partially oriented towards the other mass. From here a force is established between these two masses that give as calculated constant equal to 6.678532. This value of <em>G</em>, obtained leaving from the charge and the electron mass, is very near the experimental values estimated in these last decades regard the value of the gravitational constant of <em>G</em>.展开更多
Morphological evidence in active tectonic areas originate from alternative mechanisms to those described consisting of subcircular shapes suggests that these geometries may by translational dynamics of complex faults....Morphological evidence in active tectonic areas originate from alternative mechanisms to those described consisting of subcircular shapes suggests that these geometries may by translational dynamics of complex faults. The mechanics behind endogenic forces, in particular convection currents, hasn＇t been completely explained. Differing in density from upward flows developing in atmosphere and in water, magma upwelling from the mantle can trigger endogenic vortexes in particular conditions and due to Coriolis Force. At their onset and ascent phase, vortexes apply lateral forces as result of rotation, open their way toward the surface and over time stabilize the channel. Opposite to a rising linear flow which compacts overlying materials impeding their surge, vortex flows unload the materials externally and compact them on the lateral surface of the channel, thus making it more regular and stable. Torsional movements on the surface associated to vulcanites, lateral ramps and subcircular elevations, can be observed. Other phenomena that may be consequence of vortex dynamics are the volcanic cones showing pseudo-rotations in the morphologies surrounding the crater. In this study we suggest a modeling for a vortex theory which may explain the Earth dynamics in terms of spiraling movement and magma upwelling stabilizing over time.展开更多
The idea of an inductive teaching method based on perceptual modalities in a flipped-classroom concept, to be applied to the teaching of Structural Geology and Tectonics and the Earth Sciences in general, came from th...The idea of an inductive teaching method based on perceptual modalities in a flipped-classroom concept, to be applied to the teaching of Structural Geology and Tectonics and the Earth Sciences in general, came from the need to appraise new forms of interaction/teaching in today＇s globalized context. Even if sporadic and carried out in a far from systematic way, the type of teaching examined in this study was tested on secondary school students specializing in science in a heterogeneous sample of children aged 15 to 18 years. The educational experiment was divided into six phases, each characterized by the prevalent use of perceptual modalities. The initial phase, characterized by creative writing, aimed to develop the kinaesthetic modality. The second stood as an ＂anchor＂ for the objectives to be achieved through a form of dramatization. The third emphasized individual investigation, in accordance with criteria typical of the flipped-classroom method. The fourth consisted of fieldwork to stimulate visual and tactile modalities. In the fifth, the teacher operated as a ＂scientific mediator＂, favouring the auditory capacity. And, finally, the sixth, with its body of knowledge and the finalization of the goal to be achieved, lay within the scope of the issues addressed by Structural Geology and Tectonics.展开更多
In this study,the Radio Direction Finding method is proposed for the detection of electromagnetic signals,in the VLF band,to try to anticipate the occurrence of potentially destructive geophysical events.The experimen...In this study,the Radio Direction Finding method is proposed for the detection of electromagnetic signals,in the VLF band,to try to anticipate the occurrence of potentially destructive geophysical events.The experimentation concerns the interception of electromagnetic anomalies in Sierra Leone,in the five-day time window,associated with seismic events that could potentially generate tsunamis.The area of investigation is Sierra Leone,whose coastline is subjected to tidal wave hazards triggered by earthquakes generated in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.Although Sierra Leone is not affected by recurrent earthquakes,there is nevertheless a low probability,estimated at 2 percent,of the occurrence of destructive earthquakes in the next 50 years.Also in estimates,the risk of rogue and potentially damaging waves is estimated to strike the Sierra Leone coast at least once in the next 10 years.The Radio Direction Finding experiment carried out continuously 24/7,has shown a close relationship between increased radio-anomalies,in the frequencies of 6,000 Hz,a time window between electromagnetic anomaly detection and the imminence of an earthquake,and higher frequency times for the risk of earthquake occurrence in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.展开更多
This study discusses the possible relationship between potentially destructive seismic events,earthquake swarms,and intense weather events occurring in the same epicentral zone at time intervals ranging from one day t...This study discusses the possible relationship between potentially destructive seismic events,earthquake swarms,and intense weather events occurring in the same epicentral zone at time intervals ranging from one day to a few weeks.The objective of the present study is,therefore,to analyze the interaction between the lithosphere,atmosphere,and ionosphere in order to propose,prospectively,a new hydro-climatic model to be applied not only in Italy,where this research was carried out.The study concerns some of the most intense Italian earthquakes starting from 1920,with the destructive event in Lunigiana,in North Western Apennines,until the recent earthquake swarm that hit the Emilia-Romagna region followed,as in the cases analyzed in this research,by strong atmospheric disturbances.The recurrence associating seismic events with atmospheric precipitation allows us to propose some hypotheses about the triggering mechanism.In tectonically stressed areas,during pre-seismic and seismic phases,the release of gases from the ground and electrical charges near active faults is known.It is hypothesized that water condensation nuclei are carried by radon gas on atmospheric gases,also originating from cosmic rays in the upper atmosphere,generated by air ionization.展开更多
文摘Following crustal stress and the tectonic evolutions that lead to the triggering of seisms is still premature, for technological reasons. Instead, in view of the energies involved, which are in the order of kilotons, it is necessary to collect symptoms manifesting inside the Earth. The greater the stresses produced, the more evident will be the seismic signals manifesting on a global scale. From the point of view of teaching, it is proposed to study seismology in secondary schools using an ＂evidential＂ paradigm, rather than the ＂Galileian＂ sort. This will require a more modern approach, one that considers non-linearity an investigation model that is more in line with the Natural Science approach. To this effect, also the seismology lab is transformed from a place where reality is ＂reproduced＂, into a setting where comparisons are made in the intrinsic presence of clues rather than proofs. The instruments used to carry out this project, which is taking its first steps in an experimental form in Parma （Italy）, can be reproduced at low cost, but without forsaking precision measurements. The instruments in question are those used to detect radio anomalies, acoustic emissions produced in the deepest layers of the terrestrial crust, and variations in gravity that require a computer to interface data and elaborate signals 24/7.
文摘This study proposes, from the theoretical point of view, the calculation of the gravitational constant <em>G</em>, made starting from the charge and the electron mass, taking the constant of the Fine Structure into examination. In the empty space, couples of virtual positron electrons dematerialize, giving virtual photon origin. They, at their time, will become electrons, positrons and so on. These transformations are made keeping the board of their “amount of movement” and when they meet the matter, these couples come, reissued depending on the field and on the matter mass. The matter is the change of the trend of their gyromagnetic movement relationship which puts under pressure. In presence of two masses, this gyromagnetic movement relationship is already partially oriented towards the other mass. From here a force is established between these two masses that give as calculated constant equal to 6.678532. This value of <em>G</em>, obtained leaving from the charge and the electron mass, is very near the experimental values estimated in these last decades regard the value of the gravitational constant of <em>G</em>.
文摘Morphological evidence in active tectonic areas originate from alternative mechanisms to those described consisting of subcircular shapes suggests that these geometries may by translational dynamics of complex faults. The mechanics behind endogenic forces, in particular convection currents, hasn＇t been completely explained. Differing in density from upward flows developing in atmosphere and in water, magma upwelling from the mantle can trigger endogenic vortexes in particular conditions and due to Coriolis Force. At their onset and ascent phase, vortexes apply lateral forces as result of rotation, open their way toward the surface and over time stabilize the channel. Opposite to a rising linear flow which compacts overlying materials impeding their surge, vortex flows unload the materials externally and compact them on the lateral surface of the channel, thus making it more regular and stable. Torsional movements on the surface associated to vulcanites, lateral ramps and subcircular elevations, can be observed. Other phenomena that may be consequence of vortex dynamics are the volcanic cones showing pseudo-rotations in the morphologies surrounding the crater. In this study we suggest a modeling for a vortex theory which may explain the Earth dynamics in terms of spiraling movement and magma upwelling stabilizing over time.
文摘The idea of an inductive teaching method based on perceptual modalities in a flipped-classroom concept, to be applied to the teaching of Structural Geology and Tectonics and the Earth Sciences in general, came from the need to appraise new forms of interaction/teaching in today＇s globalized context. Even if sporadic and carried out in a far from systematic way, the type of teaching examined in this study was tested on secondary school students specializing in science in a heterogeneous sample of children aged 15 to 18 years. The educational experiment was divided into six phases, each characterized by the prevalent use of perceptual modalities. The initial phase, characterized by creative writing, aimed to develop the kinaesthetic modality. The second stood as an ＂anchor＂ for the objectives to be achieved through a form of dramatization. The third emphasized individual investigation, in accordance with criteria typical of the flipped-classroom method. The fourth consisted of fieldwork to stimulate visual and tactile modalities. In the fifth, the teacher operated as a ＂scientific mediator＂, favouring the auditory capacity. And, finally, the sixth, with its body of knowledge and the finalization of the goal to be achieved, lay within the scope of the issues addressed by Structural Geology and Tectonics.
文摘In this study,the Radio Direction Finding method is proposed for the detection of electromagnetic signals,in the VLF band,to try to anticipate the occurrence of potentially destructive geophysical events.The experimentation concerns the interception of electromagnetic anomalies in Sierra Leone,in the five-day time window,associated with seismic events that could potentially generate tsunamis.The area of investigation is Sierra Leone,whose coastline is subjected to tidal wave hazards triggered by earthquakes generated in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.Although Sierra Leone is not affected by recurrent earthquakes,there is nevertheless a low probability,estimated at 2 percent,of the occurrence of destructive earthquakes in the next 50 years.Also in estimates,the risk of rogue and potentially damaging waves is estimated to strike the Sierra Leone coast at least once in the next 10 years.The Radio Direction Finding experiment carried out continuously 24/7,has shown a close relationship between increased radio-anomalies,in the frequencies of 6,000 Hz,a time window between electromagnetic anomaly detection and the imminence of an earthquake,and higher frequency times for the risk of earthquake occurrence in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
文摘This study discusses the possible relationship between potentially destructive seismic events,earthquake swarms,and intense weather events occurring in the same epicentral zone at time intervals ranging from one day to a few weeks.The objective of the present study is,therefore,to analyze the interaction between the lithosphere,atmosphere,and ionosphere in order to propose,prospectively,a new hydro-climatic model to be applied not only in Italy,where this research was carried out.The study concerns some of the most intense Italian earthquakes starting from 1920,with the destructive event in Lunigiana,in North Western Apennines,until the recent earthquake swarm that hit the Emilia-Romagna region followed,as in the cases analyzed in this research,by strong atmospheric disturbances.The recurrence associating seismic events with atmospheric precipitation allows us to propose some hypotheses about the triggering mechanism.In tectonically stressed areas,during pre-seismic and seismic phases,the release of gases from the ground and electrical charges near active faults is known.It is hypothesized that water condensation nuclei are carried by radon gas on atmospheric gases,also originating from cosmic rays in the upper atmosphere,generated by air ionization.
