EST sequences of Mentha piperita available in the public domain(NCBI) were exploited to develop SSR markers. A total of 1316 ESTs were assembled into 155 contigs and 653 singletons and of these, 110 sequences were fou...EST sequences of Mentha piperita available in the public domain(NCBI) were exploited to develop SSR markers. A total of 1316 ESTs were assembled into 155 contigs and 653 singletons and of these, 110 sequences were found to contain 130 SSRs, with a frequency of1 SSR/3.4 kb. Dinucleotide repeat SSRs were most frequent(72.3%) with the AG/CT(43.8%)repeat motif followed by AT/AT(16.2%). Primers were successfully designed for 68SSR-containing sequences(62.0%). The 68 primers amplified 13 accessions of M. piperita and 54 produced clear amplicons of the expected size. Of these 54, 33(61%) were found to be polymorphic among M. piperita accessions, showing from 2 to 4 alleles with an average of2.33 alleles/SSR, and the polymorphic information content(PIC) value varied between 0.13 and 0.51(average 0.25). All the amplified SSRs showed transferability among four different species of Mentha, with a highest in Mentha arvensis(87.0%) and minimum in Mentha citrata(37.0%). The newly developed SSRs markers were found to be useful for diversity analysis, as they successfully differentiated among species and accessions of Mentha.展开更多
A new implementation of hyperchaotic modified canonical Chua circuit using junction field-effect transistors （JFETs） is proposed. The design is based on a source coupled JFET circuit to approximate a smooth cubic no...A new implementation of hyperchaotic modified canonical Chua circuit using junction field-effect transistors （JFETs） is proposed. The design is based on a source coupled JFET circuit to approximate a smooth cubic nonlinearity and a two-terminal negative resistance element containing a p-n-p silicon transistor and an n-channel JFET. The realization is supported by Orcad Pspice simulation and numerical MATLAB results. The hyperchaotic nature is confirmed by two positive Lyapunov exponents associated with the attractor which is a fractal with a Lyapunov dimension between 3 and 4.展开更多
The effective delivery of drugs to the targeted tissues or cells has always been a cause of concern.Nanotechnology has emerged as an effective tool to solve this problem of targeted drug delivery.The development of na...The effective delivery of drugs to the targeted tissues or cells has always been a cause of concern.Nanotechnology has emerged as an effective tool to solve this problem of targeted drug delivery.The development of nanoparticle drug delivery systems is a revolutionary step in the healthcare domain.Nanoparticles loaded with drugs,known as nanomedicines,are used to achieve site-specific delivery of drugs that reduces the amount of required dose and,hence,toxicity.The nanoparticles,due to their small sizes,can easily cross the cell barriers.Also,the surface of the nanoparticles can be modified in such a way that it can be recognized by the molecules on the targeted cells.The addition of ligands,antibodies,aptamers,etc.,is done to modify the surface.Therefore,these nanoparticle drug delivery systems are used to obtain targeted delivery of drugs,controlled delivery,biocompatibility,low toxicity and degradation within acceptable time period.The novel drug delivery techniques involving nanoparticles are designed to improve the pharmacological and therapeutic properties of drugs.Nowadays,metallic as well as biodegradable nanoparticles are used as effective drug carriers for cancer,cardiovascular diseases,brain related disorders and so on.Metallic nanoparticles are obtained by the reduction of metallic ions from their solutions to the nano-size range.Of the metallic nanoparticles,Gold is studied very extensively due to its inert nature and relatively high biocompatibility than other metals.Biodegradable nanoparticles are synthesized from polymeric substances such as polylactic acid(PLA),gelatin,chitosan,etc.Some other examples of nanoparticles are dendrimers,liposomes,carbon-based,viral based,etc.展开更多
文摘EST sequences of Mentha piperita available in the public domain(NCBI) were exploited to develop SSR markers. A total of 1316 ESTs were assembled into 155 contigs and 653 singletons and of these, 110 sequences were found to contain 130 SSRs, with a frequency of1 SSR/3.4 kb. Dinucleotide repeat SSRs were most frequent(72.3%) with the AG/CT(43.8%)repeat motif followed by AT/AT(16.2%). Primers were successfully designed for 68SSR-containing sequences(62.0%). The 68 primers amplified 13 accessions of M. piperita and 54 produced clear amplicons of the expected size. Of these 54, 33(61%) were found to be polymorphic among M. piperita accessions, showing from 2 to 4 alleles with an average of2.33 alleles/SSR, and the polymorphic information content(PIC) value varied between 0.13 and 0.51(average 0.25). All the amplified SSRs showed transferability among four different species of Mentha, with a highest in Mentha arvensis(87.0%) and minimum in Mentha citrata(37.0%). The newly developed SSRs markers were found to be useful for diversity analysis, as they successfully differentiated among species and accessions of Mentha.
文摘A new implementation of hyperchaotic modified canonical Chua circuit using junction field-effect transistors （JFETs） is proposed. The design is based on a source coupled JFET circuit to approximate a smooth cubic nonlinearity and a two-terminal negative resistance element containing a p-n-p silicon transistor and an n-channel JFET. The realization is supported by Orcad Pspice simulation and numerical MATLAB results. The hyperchaotic nature is confirmed by two positive Lyapunov exponents associated with the attractor which is a fractal with a Lyapunov dimension between 3 and 4.
文摘The effective delivery of drugs to the targeted tissues or cells has always been a cause of concern.Nanotechnology has emerged as an effective tool to solve this problem of targeted drug delivery.The development of nanoparticle drug delivery systems is a revolutionary step in the healthcare domain.Nanoparticles loaded with drugs,known as nanomedicines,are used to achieve site-specific delivery of drugs that reduces the amount of required dose and,hence,toxicity.The nanoparticles,due to their small sizes,can easily cross the cell barriers.Also,the surface of the nanoparticles can be modified in such a way that it can be recognized by the molecules on the targeted cells.The addition of ligands,antibodies,aptamers,etc.,is done to modify the surface.Therefore,these nanoparticle drug delivery systems are used to obtain targeted delivery of drugs,controlled delivery,biocompatibility,low toxicity and degradation within acceptable time period.The novel drug delivery techniques involving nanoparticles are designed to improve the pharmacological and therapeutic properties of drugs.Nowadays,metallic as well as biodegradable nanoparticles are used as effective drug carriers for cancer,cardiovascular diseases,brain related disorders and so on.Metallic nanoparticles are obtained by the reduction of metallic ions from their solutions to the nano-size range.Of the metallic nanoparticles,Gold is studied very extensively due to its inert nature and relatively high biocompatibility than other metals.Biodegradable nanoparticles are synthesized from polymeric substances such as polylactic acid(PLA),gelatin,chitosan,etc.Some other examples of nanoparticles are dendrimers,liposomes,carbon-based,viral based,etc.
