Thermal tolerance and preference are key parameters impacting agricultural production systems.In this study,the impact of larval diet on black soldier fly thermal tolerance and preference across life-stages and sexes ...Thermal tolerance and preference are key parameters impacting agricultural production systems.In this study,the impact of larval diet on black soldier fly thermal tolerance and preference across life-stages and sexes was examined.Larvae were fed either a low-protein high-carbohydrate synthetic diet(i.e.,P7C35),a high-protein low-carbohydrate synthetic diet(i.e.,P_(35)C_(7)),or the Gainesville diet(i.e.,C)as a control and reference.Our results demonstrate that the impacts of larval diet on black soldier fly thermal tolerance and preference could be stage and sex specific.The mean heat knockdown temperatures(HKT)ranged between 46.6 and 47.9℃.Synthetic diets resulted in greater HKT and the difference decreased form larvae(e.g.,-1℃)to adults(e.g.,∼0.2℃).The mean chill-coma recovery time(CCRT)ranged between 8.3 and 21.6 min.Not much differences were detected between diets,but CCRT became longer from larvae to adults.The mean thermal preference ranged between 13.6 and 29.5℃.Larvae fed synthetic diets preferred much lower temperatures than the control diet.A bimodal distribution was observed for adults regardless of sex.Differences on body mass,lipid,and protein contents were detected among diets;however,more research should be done before any conclusions can be linked to their thermal traits.These findings highlight the importance of considering the ingredients and nutritional makeup of larval diets when optimizing temperature management protocols for mass production of black soldier flies.Conversely,specific diets can be developed to promote survival under extreme rearing temperatures.展开更多
Mass production of black soldier fly,Hermetia illucens(L.)(Diptera:Stra-tiomyidae),larvae results in massive heat generation,which impacts facility management,waste conversion,and larval production.We tested daily sub...Mass production of black soldier fly,Hermetia illucens(L.)(Diptera:Stra-tiomyidae),larvae results in massive heat generation,which impacts facility management,waste conversion,and larval production.We tested daily substrate temperatures with dif-ferent population densities(i.e.,0,500,1000,5000,and 10000 larvae/pan),different pop-ulation sizes(i.e.,166,1000,and 10000 larvae at a fixed feed ratio)and air temperatures(i.e.,20 and 30℃)on various production parameters.Impacts of shifting larvae from 30 to 20℃on either day 9 or 11 were also determined.Larval activity increased substrate tem-peratures significantly(i.e.,at least 10℃above air temperatures).Low air temperature favored growth with the higher population sizes while high temperature favored growth with low population sizes.The greatest average individual larval weights(e.g.,0.126 and 0.124 g)and feed conversion ratios(e.g.,1.92 and 2.08 g/g)were recorded for either 10000 larvae reared at 20℃or 100 larvae reared at 30 C.Shifting temperatures from high(30℃)to low(20℃)in between(~10-d-old larvae)impacted larval production weights(16%increases)and feed conversion ratios(increased 14%).Facilities should consider the impact of larval density,population size,and air temperature during black soldier fly mass production as these factors impact overall larval production.展开更多
文摘Thermal tolerance and preference are key parameters impacting agricultural production systems.In this study,the impact of larval diet on black soldier fly thermal tolerance and preference across life-stages and sexes was examined.Larvae were fed either a low-protein high-carbohydrate synthetic diet(i.e.,P7C35),a high-protein low-carbohydrate synthetic diet(i.e.,P_(35)C_(7)),or the Gainesville diet(i.e.,C)as a control and reference.Our results demonstrate that the impacts of larval diet on black soldier fly thermal tolerance and preference could be stage and sex specific.The mean heat knockdown temperatures(HKT)ranged between 46.6 and 47.9℃.Synthetic diets resulted in greater HKT and the difference decreased form larvae(e.g.,-1℃)to adults(e.g.,∼0.2℃).The mean chill-coma recovery time(CCRT)ranged between 8.3 and 21.6 min.Not much differences were detected between diets,but CCRT became longer from larvae to adults.The mean thermal preference ranged between 13.6 and 29.5℃.Larvae fed synthetic diets preferred much lower temperatures than the control diet.A bimodal distribution was observed for adults regardless of sex.Differences on body mass,lipid,and protein contents were detected among diets;however,more research should be done before any conclusions can be linked to their thermal traits.These findings highlight the importance of considering the ingredients and nutritional makeup of larval diets when optimizing temperature management protocols for mass production of black soldier flies.Conversely,specific diets can be developed to promote survival under extreme rearing temperatures.
文摘Mass production of black soldier fly,Hermetia illucens(L.)(Diptera:Stra-tiomyidae),larvae results in massive heat generation,which impacts facility management,waste conversion,and larval production.We tested daily substrate temperatures with dif-ferent population densities(i.e.,0,500,1000,5000,and 10000 larvae/pan),different pop-ulation sizes(i.e.,166,1000,and 10000 larvae at a fixed feed ratio)and air temperatures(i.e.,20 and 30℃)on various production parameters.Impacts of shifting larvae from 30 to 20℃on either day 9 or 11 were also determined.Larval activity increased substrate tem-peratures significantly(i.e.,at least 10℃above air temperatures).Low air temperature favored growth with the higher population sizes while high temperature favored growth with low population sizes.The greatest average individual larval weights(e.g.,0.126 and 0.124 g)and feed conversion ratios(e.g.,1.92 and 2.08 g/g)were recorded for either 10000 larvae reared at 20℃or 100 larvae reared at 30 C.Shifting temperatures from high(30℃)to low(20℃)in between(~10-d-old larvae)impacted larval production weights(16%increases)and feed conversion ratios(increased 14%).Facilities should consider the impact of larval density,population size,and air temperature during black soldier fly mass production as these factors impact overall larval production.
