Magnesium alloys are emerging as promising alternatives to traditional orthopedic implant materials thanks to their biodegradability,biocompatibility,and impressive mechanical characteristics.However,their rapid in-vi...Magnesium alloys are emerging as promising alternatives to traditional orthopedic implant materials thanks to their biodegradability,biocompatibility,and impressive mechanical characteristics.However,their rapid in-vivo degradation presents challenges,notably in upholding mechanical integrity over time.This study investigates the impact of high-temperature thermal processing on the mechanical and degradation attributes of a lean Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn alloy,ZX10.Utilizing rapid,cost-efficient characterization methods like X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy,we swiftly examine microstructural changes post-thermal treatment.Employing Pearson correlation coefficient analysis,we unveil the relationship between microstructural properties and critical targets(properties):hardness and corrosion resistance.Additionally,leveraging the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO),we pinpoint the dominant microstructural factors among closely correlated variables.Our findings underscore the significant role of grain size refinement in strengthening and the predominance of the ternary Ca_(2)Mg_(6)Zn_(3)phase in corrosion behavior.This suggests that achieving an optimal blend of strength and corrosion resistance is attainable through fine grains and reduced concentration of ternary phases.This thorough investigation furnishes valuable insights into the intricate interplay of processing,structure,and properties in magnesium alloys,thereby advancing the development of superior biodegradable implant materials.展开更多
Clinical genomic surveillance is regarded as the gold standard for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 variants globally.However,as the pandemic wanes,reduced testing poses a risk to effectively tracking the trajectory of these var...Clinical genomic surveillance is regarded as the gold standard for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 variants globally.However,as the pandemic wanes,reduced testing poses a risk to effectively tracking the trajectory of these variants within populations.Wastewater-based genomic surveillance that estimates variant frequency based on its defining set of alleles derived from clinical genomic surveillance has been successfully implemented.This method has its challenges,and allele-specific(AS)RT-qPCR or RT-dPCR may instead be used as a complementary method for estimating variant prevalence.Demonstrating equivalent performance of these methods is a prerequisite for their continued application in current and future pandemics.Here,we compared single-allele frequency using ASRT-qPCR,to single-allele or haplotype frequency estimations derived from amplicon-based sequencing to estimate variant prevalence in wastewater during emergent and prevalent periods of Delta,Omicron,and two sub-lineages of Omicron.We found that all three methods of frequency estimation were concordant and contained sufficient information to describe the trajectory of variant prevalence.We further confirmed the accuracy of these methods by quantifying the diagnostic performance through Youden's index.The Youden's index of AS-RT-qPCR was reduced during the low prevalence period of a particular variant while the same allele in sequencing was negatively influenced due to insufficient read depth.Youden's index of haplotype-based calls was negatively influenced when alleles were common between variants.Coupling AS-RT-qPCR with sequencing can overcome the shortcomings of either platform and provide a comprehensive picture to the stakeholders for public health responses.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science Foundation under grant DMR#2320355supported by the Department of Energy,Office of Science,Basic Energy Sciences,under Award#DESC0022305(formulation engineering of energy materials via multiscale learning spirals)Computing resources were provided by the ARCH high-performance computing(HPC)facility,which is supported by National Science Foundation(NSF)grant number OAC 1920103。
文摘Magnesium alloys are emerging as promising alternatives to traditional orthopedic implant materials thanks to their biodegradability,biocompatibility,and impressive mechanical characteristics.However,their rapid in-vivo degradation presents challenges,notably in upholding mechanical integrity over time.This study investigates the impact of high-temperature thermal processing on the mechanical and degradation attributes of a lean Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn alloy,ZX10.Utilizing rapid,cost-efficient characterization methods like X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy,we swiftly examine microstructural changes post-thermal treatment.Employing Pearson correlation coefficient analysis,we unveil the relationship between microstructural properties and critical targets(properties):hardness and corrosion resistance.Additionally,leveraging the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO),we pinpoint the dominant microstructural factors among closely correlated variables.Our findings underscore the significant role of grain size refinement in strengthening and the predominance of the ternary Ca_(2)Mg_(6)Zn_(3)phase in corrosion behavior.This suggests that achieving an optimal blend of strength and corrosion resistance is attainable through fine grains and reduced concentration of ternary phases.This thorough investigation furnishes valuable insights into the intricate interplay of processing,structure,and properties in magnesium alloys,thereby advancing the development of superior biodegradable implant materials.
基金funded and supported by Ontario's Ministry of Environment,Conservation,and Parks SARS-CoV-2 surveillance initiative(awarded to the University of Ottawa)by CHEO(Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario)CHAMO(Children's Hospital Academic Medical Organization).
文摘Clinical genomic surveillance is regarded as the gold standard for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 variants globally.However,as the pandemic wanes,reduced testing poses a risk to effectively tracking the trajectory of these variants within populations.Wastewater-based genomic surveillance that estimates variant frequency based on its defining set of alleles derived from clinical genomic surveillance has been successfully implemented.This method has its challenges,and allele-specific(AS)RT-qPCR or RT-dPCR may instead be used as a complementary method for estimating variant prevalence.Demonstrating equivalent performance of these methods is a prerequisite for their continued application in current and future pandemics.Here,we compared single-allele frequency using ASRT-qPCR,to single-allele or haplotype frequency estimations derived from amplicon-based sequencing to estimate variant prevalence in wastewater during emergent and prevalent periods of Delta,Omicron,and two sub-lineages of Omicron.We found that all three methods of frequency estimation were concordant and contained sufficient information to describe the trajectory of variant prevalence.We further confirmed the accuracy of these methods by quantifying the diagnostic performance through Youden's index.The Youden's index of AS-RT-qPCR was reduced during the low prevalence period of a particular variant while the same allele in sequencing was negatively influenced due to insufficient read depth.Youden's index of haplotype-based calls was negatively influenced when alleles were common between variants.Coupling AS-RT-qPCR with sequencing can overcome the shortcomings of either platform and provide a comprehensive picture to the stakeholders for public health responses.
