The interaction between dehydroeburicoic acid (DeEA), a triterpene purified from medicinal fungi and the major transport protein, human serum albumin (HSA), were systematically studied by fluorescence spectroscopy, sy...The interaction between dehydroeburicoic acid (DeEA), a triterpene purified from medicinal fungi and the major transport protein, human serum albumin (HSA), were systematically studied by fluorescence spectroscopy, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular docking approach under simulated physiological conditions. The intrinsic fluorescence of HSA was quenched through the combination of static and dynamic quenching mechanism. DeEA cannot be stored and carried by HSA in the body at higher temperature. The hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic force and van der Waals force were major acting forces. The site II was the major binding site. The energy transfer could occur with high probability and the binding distance was 3.29 nm. The binding process slightly changed the conformation and microenvironment of HSA. The DeEA molecule entered the hydrophobic cleft of HSA and formed the hydrogen bonding with Glu-492 and Lys-545.展开更多
The huge land areas in China provide highly diverse habitats for macrofungi.Of these macrofungi,many are directly related to people’s daily life and have been utilized by ancient Chinese for at least 6800 years.In th...The huge land areas in China provide highly diverse habitats for macrofungi.Of these macrofungi,many are directly related to people’s daily life and have been utilized by ancient Chinese for at least 6800 years.In this study,we evaluate the current known resource diversity of Chinese macrofungi.A total of 1662 taxa are summarized,and all species names and their authorities have been checked and corrected according to authentic mycological databases.Among the 1662 taxa,1020,692,and 480 are considered to be edible,medicinal and poisonous mushrooms,respectively.A few of edible macrofungi in China are commonly used for commercial production.All known medicinal functions are labeled for medicinal species.The most common medicinal functions possessed by Chinese macrofungi are antitumor or anticancer,followed by antioxidant and antimicrobial.A total of 277 Chinese macrofungi are edible simultaneously with certain medicinal functions and without known toxicity.These species could be treated as“Gold Mushrooms”.Contrarily,193 edible and/or medicinal species are also recognized as poisonous mushrooms.To avoid poisoning caused by these species,ingestion either in a proper way or in small amounts is important.However,the mycotoxins metabolized by these poisonous species could be a huge wealth of natural products yet to be explored.How to utilize these Chinese macrofungal resources is a critical to benefit humans worldwide.展开更多
The Clitocybaceae is a recently established family.Currently,the infrafamilial divisions and relationships within the family are vague due to limited sampling and genes employed for phylogenetic analysis.Some mushroom...The Clitocybaceae is a recently established family.Currently,the infrafamilial divisions and relationships within the family are vague due to limited sampling and genes employed for phylogenetic analysis.Some mushrooms of the family contain the neurotoxic muscarine,which has caused many severe and even deadly poisonings worldwide.However,the taxonomic distribution and evolution of the toxin within the family is largely unknown.In this study,phylogenetic analyses based on nucleotide sequences of ITS and of six molecular loci(ITS,LSU,TEF1,RPB1,RPB2 and ATP6),plus a phylogenomic analysis based on 485 single-copy orthologous genes,were performed to reconstruct the framework of Clitocybaceae.BEAST analysis was used to estimate the divergence times within the family.Additionally,biochemical analysis for muscarine was conducted of 32 representative species.Based on these analyses,an updated classification of Clitocybaceae into six genera(Clitocybe,Collybia,Dendrocollybia,Lepista,Pseudolyophyllum,and Singerocybe)is proposed.The genus Collybia is emended to accommodate four subgenera(Collybia,Crassicybe,Leucocalocybe,and Macrosporocybe).Seventeen new Chinese species and 15 new combinations are proposed.Keys to the genera of Clitocybaceae and the subgenera of Collybia,as well as to the known species of Clitocybe and Collybia subgen.Collybia in China,are presented.In addition,muscarine was detected in 18 species,and these muscarine-containing species formed a major monophyletic clade within Collybia subgen.Collybia.Finally,our phylogenetic,phylogenomic,chemotaxonomic and molecular dating results indicate that the Clitocybaceae is a natural group estimated to have arisen some 60 million years ago,and in this family,muscarine has evolved only once circa 20 million years ago without later losses.展开更多
Basidiomycota is one of the major phyla in the fungal tree of life.The outline of Basidiomycota provides essential taxonomic information for researchers and workers in mycology.In this study,we present a time-framed p...Basidiomycota is one of the major phyla in the fungal tree of life.The outline of Basidiomycota provides essential taxonomic information for researchers and workers in mycology.In this study,we present a time-framed phylogenomic tree with 487 species of Basidiomycota from 127 families,47 orders,14 classes and four subphyla;we update the outline of Basidiomycota based on the phylogenomic relationships and the taxonomic studies since 2019;and we provide notes for each order and discuss the history,defining characteristics,evolution,justification of orders,problems,significance,and plates.Our phylogenomic analysis suggests that the subphyla diverged in a time range of 443-490 Myr(million years),classes in a time range of 312-412 Myr,and orders in a time range of 102-361 Myr.Families diverged in a time range of 50-289 Myr,76-224 Myr,and 62-156 Myr in Agaricomycotina,Pucciniomycotina,and Ustilaginomycotina,respectively.Based on the phylogenomic relationships and divergence times,we propose a new suborder Mycenineae in Agaricales to accommodate Mycenaceae.In the current outline of Basidiomycota,there are four subphyla,20 classes,77 orders,297 families,and 2134 genera accepted.When building a robust taxonomy of Basidiomycota in the genomic era,the generation of molecular phylogenetic data has become relatively easier.Finding phenotypical characters,especially those that can be applied for identification and classification,however,has become increasingly challenging.展开更多
文摘The interaction between dehydroeburicoic acid (DeEA), a triterpene purified from medicinal fungi and the major transport protein, human serum albumin (HSA), were systematically studied by fluorescence spectroscopy, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular docking approach under simulated physiological conditions. The intrinsic fluorescence of HSA was quenched through the combination of static and dynamic quenching mechanism. DeEA cannot be stored and carried by HSA in the body at higher temperature. The hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic force and van der Waals force were major acting forces. The site II was the major binding site. The energy transfer could occur with high probability and the binding distance was 3.29 nm. The binding process slightly changed the conformation and microenvironment of HSA. The DeEA molecule entered the hydrophobic cleft of HSA and formed the hydrogen bonding with Glu-492 and Lys-545.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.U1802231&31701978)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)Program(Grant No.2019QZKK0503)+2 种基金The Biodiversity Survey and Assessment Project of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment,China(2019HJ2096001006)LWZ and ZLY thanks to the financial supports by Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(No.2017240)the Yunling scholars funds of Yunnan Provincial Government,respectively.
文摘The huge land areas in China provide highly diverse habitats for macrofungi.Of these macrofungi,many are directly related to people’s daily life and have been utilized by ancient Chinese for at least 6800 years.In this study,we evaluate the current known resource diversity of Chinese macrofungi.A total of 1662 taxa are summarized,and all species names and their authorities have been checked and corrected according to authentic mycological databases.Among the 1662 taxa,1020,692,and 480 are considered to be edible,medicinal and poisonous mushrooms,respectively.A few of edible macrofungi in China are commonly used for commercial production.All known medicinal functions are labeled for medicinal species.The most common medicinal functions possessed by Chinese macrofungi are antitumor or anticancer,followed by antioxidant and antimicrobial.A total of 277 Chinese macrofungi are edible simultaneously with certain medicinal functions and without known toxicity.These species could be treated as“Gold Mushrooms”.Contrarily,193 edible and/or medicinal species are also recognized as poisonous mushrooms.To avoid poisoning caused by these species,ingestion either in a proper way or in small amounts is important.However,the mycotoxins metabolized by these poisonous species could be a huge wealth of natural products yet to be explored.How to utilize these Chinese macrofungal resources is a critical to benefit humans worldwide.
基金This study was supported by Yunnan Xingdian Talents Support Plan-Science and Technology Leading Talents Program(202305AB350004)Yunnan Ten-Thousand-Talents Plan-Yunling Scholar Project(YNWR-YLXZ-2018-011)Postdoctoral Directional Training Foundation of Yunnan Province.
文摘The Clitocybaceae is a recently established family.Currently,the infrafamilial divisions and relationships within the family are vague due to limited sampling and genes employed for phylogenetic analysis.Some mushrooms of the family contain the neurotoxic muscarine,which has caused many severe and even deadly poisonings worldwide.However,the taxonomic distribution and evolution of the toxin within the family is largely unknown.In this study,phylogenetic analyses based on nucleotide sequences of ITS and of six molecular loci(ITS,LSU,TEF1,RPB1,RPB2 and ATP6),plus a phylogenomic analysis based on 485 single-copy orthologous genes,were performed to reconstruct the framework of Clitocybaceae.BEAST analysis was used to estimate the divergence times within the family.Additionally,biochemical analysis for muscarine was conducted of 32 representative species.Based on these analyses,an updated classification of Clitocybaceae into six genera(Clitocybe,Collybia,Dendrocollybia,Lepista,Pseudolyophyllum,and Singerocybe)is proposed.The genus Collybia is emended to accommodate four subgenera(Collybia,Crassicybe,Leucocalocybe,and Macrosporocybe).Seventeen new Chinese species and 15 new combinations are proposed.Keys to the genera of Clitocybaceae and the subgenera of Collybia,as well as to the known species of Clitocybe and Collybia subgen.Collybia in China,are presented.In addition,muscarine was detected in 18 species,and these muscarine-containing species formed a major monophyletic clade within Collybia subgen.Collybia.Finally,our phylogenetic,phylogenomic,chemotaxonomic and molecular dating results indicate that the Clitocybaceae is a natural group estimated to have arisen some 60 million years ago,and in this family,muscarine has evolved only once circa 20 million years ago without later losses.
基金provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant nos.32100011,31961143010,31970010,31470152)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant no.2021M693361)+3 种基金National Key R&D Program of China project”Accurate identification and innovative utilization of germplasm resources of edible mushrooms suitable for factory cultivation(Grant no.2022YFD1200605)Beijing Innovation Consortium of Agriculture Research System(Grant no.BAIC03-01)Biological Resources Programme,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant no.KFJ-BRP-009-003)Survey of Wildlife Resources in Key Areas of Tibet(Grant no.ZL202203601).
文摘Basidiomycota is one of the major phyla in the fungal tree of life.The outline of Basidiomycota provides essential taxonomic information for researchers and workers in mycology.In this study,we present a time-framed phylogenomic tree with 487 species of Basidiomycota from 127 families,47 orders,14 classes and four subphyla;we update the outline of Basidiomycota based on the phylogenomic relationships and the taxonomic studies since 2019;and we provide notes for each order and discuss the history,defining characteristics,evolution,justification of orders,problems,significance,and plates.Our phylogenomic analysis suggests that the subphyla diverged in a time range of 443-490 Myr(million years),classes in a time range of 312-412 Myr,and orders in a time range of 102-361 Myr.Families diverged in a time range of 50-289 Myr,76-224 Myr,and 62-156 Myr in Agaricomycotina,Pucciniomycotina,and Ustilaginomycotina,respectively.Based on the phylogenomic relationships and divergence times,we propose a new suborder Mycenineae in Agaricales to accommodate Mycenaceae.In the current outline of Basidiomycota,there are four subphyla,20 classes,77 orders,297 families,and 2134 genera accepted.When building a robust taxonomy of Basidiomycota in the genomic era,the generation of molecular phylogenetic data has become relatively easier.Finding phenotypical characters,especially those that can be applied for identification and classification,however,has become increasingly challenging.
