With the gradual advancement of research methods and technologies,various biological processes have been identified as playing roles in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.However,current descriptions of th...With the gradual advancement of research methods and technologies,various biological processes have been identified as playing roles in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.However,current descriptions of these biological processes do not fully explain the onset,progression,and development of these conditions.Therefore,exploration of the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases remains a valuable area of research.This review summarizes the potential common pathogeneses of Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,Huntington’s disease,frontotemporal lobar dementia,and Lewy body disease.Research findings have indicated that several common biological processes,including aging,genetic factors,progressive neuronal dysfunction,neuronal death and apoptosis,protein misfolding and aggregation,neuroinflammation,mitochondrial dysfunction,axonal transport defects,and gut microbiota dysbiosis,are involved in the pathogenesis of these six neurodegenerative diseases.Based on current information derived from diverse areas of research,these biological processes may form complex pathogenic networks that lead to distinctive types of neuronal death in neurodegenerative diseases.Furthermore,promoting the regeneration of damaged neurons may be achievable through the repair of affected neural cells if the underlying pathogenesis can be prevented or reversed.Hence,these potential common biological processes may represent only very small,limited elements within numerous intricate pathogenic networks associated with neurodegenerative diseases.In clinical treatment,interfering with any single biological process has proven insufficient to completely halt the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.Therefore,future research on the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases should focus on uncovering the complex pathogenic networks,rather than isolating individual biological processes.Based on this,therapies that aim to block or reverse various targets involved in the potential pathogenic mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases may be promising directions,as current treatment methods that focus on halting a single pathogenic factor have not achieved satisfactory efficacy.展开更多
Mo-modified Pd/Al2O3catalysts were prepared by an impregnation method and tested for the catalytic combustion of benzene. The catalysts were characterized by N2 isothermal adsorption, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, X-ray p...Mo-modified Pd/Al2O3catalysts were prepared by an impregnation method and tested for the catalytic combustion of benzene. The catalysts were characterized by N2 isothermal adsorption, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）, temperatureprogrammed desorption of NH3（NH3-TPD）, H2temperature-programmed reduction（H2-TPR）, and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy（HAADF-STEM）. The results showed that the addition of Mo effectively improved the activity and stability of the Pd/Al2O3catalyst by increasing the dispersion of Pd active components, changing the partial oxidation state of palladium and increasing the oxygen species concentration on the surface of catalyst. In the case of the Pd-Mo/Al2O3catalyst,benzene conversion of 90% was obtained at temperatures as low as 190°C, which was 45°C lower than that for similar performance with the Pd/Al2O3catalyst. Moreover, the 1.0% Pd-5% Mo/Al2O3catalyst was more active than the 2.0% Pd/Al2O3catalyst. It was concluded that Pd and Mo have a synergistic effect in benzene catalytic combustion.展开更多
Giant liposome is an important lipid structure widely used in biological and medical fields. In its main preparation method, electroformation, many influencing factors must be optimized for good effect. How to collect...Giant liposome is an important lipid structure widely used in biological and medical fields. In its main preparation method, electroformation, many influencing factors must be optimized for good effect. How to collect the desired giant liposomes is another major issue. In this work, a microchip with a reactor chamber array was used to study the influences of multiple parameters, and a suitable condition could be achieved rapidly and efficiently. A tailor-made collection chamber was also integrated on the chip. Based on the multifactor and multilevel orthogonal experiment, optimal conditions of the lipid solution, buffer solution, and electric signal were achieved with high efficiency. More than one thousand giant liposomes could be formed in each microscale reactor chamber, and most of them were unilamellar. The on-chip collection ratio of giant liposome carriers could also approximate to 40%.展开更多
Sodium salicylate is an anti-inflammatory medication with a side-effect of tinnitus.Here,we used mouse cochlear cultures to explore the effects of salicylate treatment on cochlear inner hair cells(IHCs).We found that ...Sodium salicylate is an anti-inflammatory medication with a side-effect of tinnitus.Here,we used mouse cochlear cultures to explore the effects of salicylate treatment on cochlear inner hair cells(IHCs).We found that IHCs showed significant damage after exposure to a high concentration of salicylate.Whole-cell patch clamp recordings showed that 1–5 mmol/L salicylate did not affect the exocytosis of IHCs,indicating that IHCs are not involved in tinnitus generation by enhancing their neuronal input.Instead,salicylate induced a larger peak amplitude,a more negative half-activation voltage,and a steeper slope factor of Ca^(2+)current.Using noise analysis of Ca^(2+)tail currents and qRT-PCR,we further found that salicylate increased the number of Ca^(2+)channels along with CaV1.3 expression.All these changes could act synergistically to enhance the Ca^(2+)influx into IHCs.Inhibition of intracellular Ca^(2+)overload significantly attenuated IHC death after 10 mmol/L salicylate treatment.These results implicate a cellular mechanism for tinnitus generation in the peripheral auditory system.展开更多
Actin filaments play important physiological functions,which have become potential targets of antitumor drugs.Using chemicals to intervene their polymerization-depolymerization dynamics would generate new strategies f...Actin filaments play important physiological functions,which have become potential targets of antitumor drugs.Using chemicals to intervene their polymerization-depolymerization dynamics would generate new strategies for designing antitumor drugs.In this report,an artificial water channel appending acetazolamide moiety,a ligand that can selectively bind to carbonic anhydrase IX,has been prepared.展开更多
The silk gland of the silkworm Bombyx mori serves as a valuable model for investigating the morphological structure and physiological functions of organs.Previous studies have demonstrated the notable regulatory role ...The silk gland of the silkworm Bombyx mori serves as a valuable model for investigating the morphological structure and physiological functions of organs.Previous studies have demonstrated the notable regulatory role of let-7 microRNA in the silk gland,but its specific molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated across different segments of this organ.In this study,we further investigated the functional mechanism of let-7 in the middle silk gland(MSG).The MSG of a let-7 knockout strain was analyzed using a combined proteomic and metabolomic technique,revealing the enrichment of differential proteins and metabolites in the DNA synthesis and energy metabolism pathways.BmCentrin was identified as a novel target gene of let-7 in the MSG,and its downregulation inhibited the proliferation of BmN4-SID1 cells,which is exactly opposite to the role of let-7 in these cells.CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing and transgenic technologies were employed to manipulate BmCentrin in the MSG.Knockout of BmCentrin led to severe MSG atrophy,whereas the overexpression of BmCentrin resulted in beaded MSG.Further measurements of these knockout or overexpression strains revealed significant changes in the expression levels of sericin protein genes,the weight of the cocoon and the mechanical properties of the silk.Investigating the biological role of BmCentrin in the silk gland offers valuable insights for elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which let-7 controls silk gland development and silk protein synthesis in the silkworm.展开更多
Hematophagous female mosquitoes are important vectors of numerous devastating human diseases,posing a major public health threat.Effective prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases rely considerably on progres...Hematophagous female mosquitoes are important vectors of numerous devastating human diseases,posing a major public health threat.Effective prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases rely considerably on progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of various life activities,and accordingly,the molecules that regulate the various life activities of mosquitoes are potential targets for implementing future vector control strategies.Many long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)have been identified in mosquitoes and significant progress has been made in determining their functions.Here,we present a comprehensive overview of the research advances on mosquito lncRNAs,including their molecular identification,function,and interaction with other non-coding RNAs,as well as their synergistic regulatory roles in mosquito life activities.We also highlight the potential roles of competitive endogenous RNAs in mosquito growth and development,as well as in insecticide resistance and virus–host interactions.Insights into the biological functions and mechanisms of lncRNAs in mosquito life activities,viral replication,pathogenesis,and transmission will contribute to the development of novel drugs and safe vaccines.展开更多
Disposable face masks(DFMs),which are essential for mitigating the spread of infectious diseases like SARS-CoV-2,corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19),Ebola,and tuberculosis,create significant environmental challenges d...Disposable face masks(DFMs),which are essential for mitigating the spread of infectious diseases like SARS-CoV-2,corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19),Ebola,and tuberculosis,create significant environmental challenges due to improper disposal.DFMs frequently accumulate in waste-activated sludge(WAS),posing potential environmental hazards.Anaerobic digestion(AD)is typically employed to stabilize and recovery resource from WAS;however,the presence of DFMs substantially disrupts the AD process.This study explored the potential of integrating hydrothermal pretreatment(HTT)with AD to maximize methane yield while mitigating the toxicological impact of mask-derived pollutants.The HTT of polypropylene(PP)(primary constituent of masks)or masks was conducted in 100 mL stainless-steel reactors with a mass concentration of 4 g per 40 mL deionized water,heated at 2.5℃/min to 160℃ for durations of 0.5,1,and 2 h.HTT increased the surface roughness of PP,induced oxygenated functional groups(–OH and C=O),enhanced the leaching of dissolved organic carbon(DOC),and reduced hydrophobicity and relative crystallinity,effectively addressing the limitations of enzymatic hydrolysis.Compared to untreated masks,cumulative methane production increased by 16.2%,31.5%,and 20.8% for HTT pretreatment at 160℃ for 0.5,1,and 2 h,respectively.Microbial community analysis indicated that HTT increased the relative abundance of specific hydrolytic-acidifying(Bacteroidota,Acidobacteria,and Desulfobacterota),and methanogenic bacteria(Methanosaeta and Candidatus_Methanofastidiosum)in AD process.Phytotoxicity tests demonstrated that digestates from AD of HTT mask at 160℃ for 1 h increased germination index of plants by 18.1%.This study shows HTT is a promising method for enhancing AD efficiency and lowering DFMs toxicity.展开更多
Drug transportation is impeded by various barriers in the hypoxic solid tumor,resulting in compromised anticancer efficacy.Herein,a solid lipid monostearin(MS)-coated CaO_(2)/MnO_(2) nanocarrier was designed to optimi...Drug transportation is impeded by various barriers in the hypoxic solid tumor,resulting in compromised anticancer efficacy.Herein,a solid lipid monostearin(MS)-coated CaO_(2)/MnO_(2) nanocarrier was designed to optimize doxorubicin(DOX)transportation comprehensively for chemotherapy enhancement.The MS shell of nanoparticles could be destroyed selectively by highly-expressed lipase within cancer cells,exposing water-sensitive cores to release DOX and produce O_(2).After the cancer cell death,the core-exposed nanoparticles could be further liberated and continue to react with water in the tumor extracellular matrix(ECM)and thoroughly release O_(2) and DOX,which exhibited cytotoxicity to neighboring cells.Small DOX molecules could readily diffuse through ECM,in which the collagen deposition was decreased by O_(2)-mediated hypoxia-inducible factor-1 inhibition,leading to synergistically improved drug penetration.Concurrently,DOX-efflux-associated P-glycoprotein was also inhibited by O_(2),prolonging drug retention in cancer cells.Overall,the DOX transporting processes from nanoparticles to deep tumor cells including drug release,penetration,and retention were optimized comprehensively,which significantly boosted antitumor benefits.展开更多
Pediatric patients are more likely to suffer from brain tumors.Surgical resection is often the optimal treatment.Perioperative management of pediatric brain tumor resection brings great challenges to anesthesiologists...Pediatric patients are more likely to suffer from brain tumors.Surgical resection is often the optimal treatment.Perioperative management of pediatric brain tumor resection brings great challenges to anesthesiologists,especially for fluid therapy.In this case,the infant-patient was only 69-day-old,weighed 6 kg,but she was facing a gaint brain tumor(7.9 cm×8.1 cm×6.7 cm)excision.The infant was at great risks such as hemorrhagic shock,cerebral edema,pulmonary edema,congestive heart failure,coagulation dysfunction,etc.However,we tried to use the parameters obtained by bioreactance-based NICOM^(■)device(Cheetah Medical)to guide the infant’s intraoperative fluid therapy,and successfully avoided these complications and achieved a good prognosis.展开更多
With the development and regulatory approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies,cancer immunotherapy has undergone a profound transformation over the past decades.Recently,therapeutic cancer v...With the development and regulatory approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies,cancer immunotherapy has undergone a profound transformation over the past decades.Recently,therapeutic cancer vaccines have shown promise by eliciting de novo T cell responses targeting tumor antigens,including tumor-associated antigens and tumor-specific antigens.The objective was to amplify and diversify the intrinsic repertoire of tumor-specific T cells.However,the complete realization of these capabilities remains an ongoing pursuit.Therefore,we provide an overview of the current landscape of cancer vaccines in this review.The range of antigen selection,antigen delivery systems development the strategic nuances underlying effective antigen presentation have pioneered cancer vaccine design.Furthermore,this review addresses the current status of clinical trials and discusses their strategies,focusing on tumor-specific immunogenicity and anti-tumor efficacy assessment.However,current clinical attempts toward developing cancer vaccines have not yielded breakthrough clinical outcomes due to significant challenges,including tumor immune microenvironment suppression,optimal candidate identification,immune response evaluation,and vaccine manufacturing acceleration.Therefore,the field is poised to overcome hurdles and improve patient outcomes in the future by acknowledging these clinical complexities and persistently striving to surmount inherent constraints.展开更多
To harness the rich solar energy resources in Xinjiang Region of Northwest China,this study tries to address the issue of lack of downward surface shortwave radiation(DSSR)observations and the need to improve the accu...To harness the rich solar energy resources in Xinjiang Region of Northwest China,this study tries to address the issue of lack of downward surface shortwave radiation(DSSR)observations and the need to improve the accuracy of satellite retrieval and numerical simulation of DSSR under varied sky and meteorological conditions.(1)A two-layer aerosol model specific to Xinjiang was developed to capture the vertical distributions of aerosols based on multiple data sources including lidar,GPS sounding,ground meteorological observations,and profiles from the ECMWF reanalysis version 5(ERA5)data.The results show that the ERA5/PBLH(planetary boundary layer height)and ERA5/ALH(aerosol layer height)could be used to establish the two-layer aerosol model and characterize the vertical distribution of aerosols in Xinjiang Region.(2)Using the Santa Barbara Discrete Atmospheric Radiative Transfer(SBDART)model,a localized inverse model of clear-sky DSSR was established.After parameter adjustment and using the optimal combination of input parameters for DSSR simulation together with the two-layer aerosol model,the model-simulated DSSR(DSSRSBD)under clear-sky conditions improved significantly compared to the initial results,with all fitting indices greatly improved.(3)In addition,the study demonstrated that the impact of the two-layer aerosol model on DSSR was more pronounced under dust conditions than clear-sky conditions.(4)Using the localized clear-sky DSSR inversion model and its required parameters,simulations were also conducted to capture the spatiotemporal distribution of DSSR under clear-sky conditions in Xinjiang from 2017 to 2019.The annual average DSSR_(SBD)under clear-sky conditions in Xinjiang during 2017–2019 was 606.78 W m^(-2),while DSSR from CERES(DSSR_(CER))under the same conditions was generally higher(703.95 W m^(-2)).(5)It is found that satellite remote sensing products experienced data loss in high-altitude snow areas,where numerical simulation technology could serve as a valuable complement.展开更多
Platinum-based chemotherapy is used for non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).However,it has side effects and minimum efficacy against lung cancer metastasis.In this study,platinum-curcumin complexes were loaded into pH a...Platinum-based chemotherapy is used for non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).However,it has side effects and minimum efficacy against lung cancer metastasis.In this study,platinum-curcumin complexes were loaded into pH and redox dual-responsive nanoparticles(denoted as Pt-CUR@PSPPN)to facilitate intracellular release and synergistic anti-cancer effects.Pt-CUR@PSPPN was prepared by a nano-precipitation method and had a diameter of^100 nm.The nanoparticles showed increased anticancer effects both in vivo and in vitro.In addition,Pt-CUR@PSPPN blocked PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathway and inhibited MMP2 and VEGFR2,resulting in enhanced anti-metastatic activity.Furthermore,reduced side effects were also observed.In conclusion,Pt-CUR@PSPPN provided a novel and attractive therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.展开更多
Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have been used to encapsulate active metal nanoparticles(MNPs)to fabricate MNPs@MOFs composites with high catalytic efficiencies.However,the diffusion of reactants and the accessibility o...Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have been used to encapsulate active metal nanoparticles(MNPs)to fabricate MNPs@MOFs composites with high catalytic efficiencies.However,the diffusion of reactants and the accessibility of MNPs located in the center of MOFs may be hindered due to the inherent microporous structures of MOFs,which would affect the catalytic activities of MNPs.Herein,we report a solvent assisted ligand exchange-hydrogen reduction(SALE-HR)strategy to selectively encapsulate ultrafine MNPs(Pd or Pt)within the shallow layers of a MOF,i.e.,UiO-67.The particle sizes of the encapsulated MNPs and the thickness of the MNPs-embedded layers can be adjusted easily by controlling the SALE conditions(e.g.time and temperature).Crucially,the LE-Pd@UiO-80-0.5 composite with the thinnest Pd-embedded layers displays remarkable catalytic efficiency with a high turnover frequency(TOF)value of 600 h^-1towards hydrogenation of nitrobenzene under 1 atm H_2at room temperature.The results indicate that the catalytic efficiency and the utilization of MNPs can be enhanced by compactly encapsulating MNPs within the shallow layers of MOFs as close to their outer surfaces as possible,owing to the short masstransfer distance and enhanced accessibility of overall MNPs.展开更多
This review reports a series of mechanistic studies on Pd-catalyzed C-C cross-coupling reactions via density functional theory(DFT) calculations.A brief introduction of fundamental steps involved in these reactions is...This review reports a series of mechanistic studies on Pd-catalyzed C-C cross-coupling reactions via density functional theory(DFT) calculations.A brief introduction of fundamental steps involved in these reactions is given,including oxidative addition,transmetallation and reductive elimination.We aim to provide an important review of recent progress on theoretical studies of palladium-catalyzed carbon-carbon cross-coupling reactions,including the C-C bond formation via C-H bond activation,decarboxylation,Pd(Ⅱ)/Pd(Ⅳ) catalytic cycle and double palladiums catalysis.展开更多
In natural systems,water transport across the cellular plasma membranes is mainly mediated by naturally occurring channel protein aquaporins(AQPs),which lead to a series of important physiological functions including ...In natural systems,water transport across the cellular plasma membranes is mainly mediated by naturally occurring channel protein aquaporins(AQPs),which lead to a series of important physiological functions including cell migration.The construction of artificial analogs of the natural AQPs would generate a new strategy for treating AQP-related diseases.In this report,an artificial water channel has been developed from a unimolecular tubular molecule,which featured structural encapsulation of a single-file water wire composed of oppositely orientated dipolar water molecules.This AQP-like structure endowed the artificial channel in living cells with AQP-like water permeability and selectivity.Interestingly,the artificial channel coupled with cell protrusion formation by mediating water transmembrane transport,leading to cell shape change and migration acceleration.The artificial channel-facilitated cell migration showed application in enhancing in vivo healing of traumatic injury.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82160255(to RX)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province,No.20212BAB216026(to HL)+2 种基金Science and Technology Plan Project of Health Commission of Jiangxi Province,No.202110016(to HL)Science and Technology Plan Project of Jiangxi Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.2022B975(to HL)a grant from Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Neurology,No.2024SSY06081(to RX).
文摘With the gradual advancement of research methods and technologies,various biological processes have been identified as playing roles in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.However,current descriptions of these biological processes do not fully explain the onset,progression,and development of these conditions.Therefore,exploration of the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases remains a valuable area of research.This review summarizes the potential common pathogeneses of Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,Huntington’s disease,frontotemporal lobar dementia,and Lewy body disease.Research findings have indicated that several common biological processes,including aging,genetic factors,progressive neuronal dysfunction,neuronal death and apoptosis,protein misfolding and aggregation,neuroinflammation,mitochondrial dysfunction,axonal transport defects,and gut microbiota dysbiosis,are involved in the pathogenesis of these six neurodegenerative diseases.Based on current information derived from diverse areas of research,these biological processes may form complex pathogenic networks that lead to distinctive types of neuronal death in neurodegenerative diseases.Furthermore,promoting the regeneration of damaged neurons may be achievable through the repair of affected neural cells if the underlying pathogenesis can be prevented or reversed.Hence,these potential common biological processes may represent only very small,limited elements within numerous intricate pathogenic networks associated with neurodegenerative diseases.In clinical treatment,interfering with any single biological process has proven insufficient to completely halt the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.Therefore,future research on the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases should focus on uncovering the complex pathogenic networks,rather than isolating individual biological processes.Based on this,therapies that aim to block or reverse various targets involved in the potential pathogenic mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases may be promising directions,as current treatment methods that focus on halting a single pathogenic factor have not achieved satisfactory efficacy.
基金supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program (863) of China (No. 2008AA06XK1480855)
文摘Mo-modified Pd/Al2O3catalysts were prepared by an impregnation method and tested for the catalytic combustion of benzene. The catalysts were characterized by N2 isothermal adsorption, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）, temperatureprogrammed desorption of NH3（NH3-TPD）, H2temperature-programmed reduction（H2-TPR）, and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy（HAADF-STEM）. The results showed that the addition of Mo effectively improved the activity and stability of the Pd/Al2O3catalyst by increasing the dispersion of Pd active components, changing the partial oxidation state of palladium and increasing the oxygen species concentration on the surface of catalyst. In the case of the Pd-Mo/Al2O3catalyst,benzene conversion of 90% was obtained at temperatures as low as 190°C, which was 45°C lower than that for similar performance with the Pd/Al2O3catalyst. Moreover, the 1.0% Pd-5% Mo/Al2O3catalyst was more active than the 2.0% Pd/Al2O3catalyst. It was concluded that Pd and Mo have a synergistic effect in benzene catalytic combustion.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos. 81501617,81871450,21827812)Science and Technology Planning Project of Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China(No. 20170122)+1 种基金the Program of International S&T Cooperation (No. 2014DFG31380)the Foundation for Higher Education Young Key Teacher of Chongqing, China
文摘Giant liposome is an important lipid structure widely used in biological and medical fields. In its main preparation method, electroformation, many influencing factors must be optimized for good effect. How to collect the desired giant liposomes is another major issue. In this work, a microchip with a reactor chamber array was used to study the influences of multiple parameters, and a suitable condition could be achieved rapidly and efficiently. A tailor-made collection chamber was also integrated on the chip. Based on the multifactor and multilevel orthogonal experiment, optimal conditions of the lipid solution, buffer solution, and electric signal were achieved with high efficiency. More than one thousand giant liposomes could be formed in each microscale reactor chamber, and most of them were unilamellar. The on-chip collection ratio of giant liposome carriers could also approximate to 40%.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81770999 and 81670281)the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology Research Project(18140900304,and 19140900902)the Big Data and Artificial Intelligence Project(2020DSJ07).
文摘Sodium salicylate is an anti-inflammatory medication with a side-effect of tinnitus.Here,we used mouse cochlear cultures to explore the effects of salicylate treatment on cochlear inner hair cells(IHCs).We found that IHCs showed significant damage after exposure to a high concentration of salicylate.Whole-cell patch clamp recordings showed that 1–5 mmol/L salicylate did not affect the exocytosis of IHCs,indicating that IHCs are not involved in tinnitus generation by enhancing their neuronal input.Instead,salicylate induced a larger peak amplitude,a more negative half-activation voltage,and a steeper slope factor of Ca^(2+)current.Using noise analysis of Ca^(2+)tail currents and qRT-PCR,we further found that salicylate increased the number of Ca^(2+)channels along with CaV1.3 expression.All these changes could act synergistically to enhance the Ca^(2+)influx into IHCs.Inhibition of intracellular Ca^(2+)overload significantly attenuated IHC death after 10 mmol/L salicylate treatment.These results implicate a cellular mechanism for tinnitus generation in the peripheral auditory system.
基金Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant Nos.21971046,and 21921003)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(STCSM,Grant No.22JC1403700)is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Actin filaments play important physiological functions,which have become potential targets of antitumor drugs.Using chemicals to intervene their polymerization-depolymerization dynamics would generate new strategies for designing antitumor drugs.In this report,an artificial water channel appending acetazolamide moiety,a ligand that can selectively bind to carbonic anhydrase IX,has been prepared.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172797)Chongqing Science and Technology Plan Project(2022NSCQMSX5897)+1 种基金Chongqing Graduate Student Research Innovation Project(CYB21132,CYS22254 and CYS23241)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(SWU-XJPY202309).
文摘The silk gland of the silkworm Bombyx mori serves as a valuable model for investigating the morphological structure and physiological functions of organs.Previous studies have demonstrated the notable regulatory role of let-7 microRNA in the silk gland,but its specific molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated across different segments of this organ.In this study,we further investigated the functional mechanism of let-7 in the middle silk gland(MSG).The MSG of a let-7 knockout strain was analyzed using a combined proteomic and metabolomic technique,revealing the enrichment of differential proteins and metabolites in the DNA synthesis and energy metabolism pathways.BmCentrin was identified as a novel target gene of let-7 in the MSG,and its downregulation inhibited the proliferation of BmN4-SID1 cells,which is exactly opposite to the role of let-7 in these cells.CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing and transgenic technologies were employed to manipulate BmCentrin in the MSG.Knockout of BmCentrin led to severe MSG atrophy,whereas the overexpression of BmCentrin resulted in beaded MSG.Further measurements of these knockout or overexpression strains revealed significant changes in the expression levels of sericin protein genes,the weight of the cocoon and the mechanical properties of the silk.Investigating the biological role of BmCentrin in the silk gland offers valuable insights for elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which let-7 controls silk gland development and silk protein synthesis in the silkworm.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172797)Chongqing Science and Technology Plan Project(2022NSCQMSX5897)+1 种基金Chongqing Graduate Student Research Innovation Project(CYB21132,CYS22254 and CYS23241)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(SWU-XJPY202309).
文摘Hematophagous female mosquitoes are important vectors of numerous devastating human diseases,posing a major public health threat.Effective prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases rely considerably on progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of various life activities,and accordingly,the molecules that regulate the various life activities of mosquitoes are potential targets for implementing future vector control strategies.Many long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)have been identified in mosquitoes and significant progress has been made in determining their functions.Here,we present a comprehensive overview of the research advances on mosquito lncRNAs,including their molecular identification,function,and interaction with other non-coding RNAs,as well as their synergistic regulatory roles in mosquito life activities.We also highlight the potential roles of competitive endogenous RNAs in mosquito growth and development,as well as in insecticide resistance and virus–host interactions.Insights into the biological functions and mechanisms of lncRNAs in mosquito life activities,viral replication,pathogenesis,and transmission will contribute to the development of novel drugs and safe vaccines.
基金supported by the Hefei Municipal Natural Science Foundation(NO.20220038)the Key Projects of Natural Science Research in Colleges and Universities of Anhui Province(No.2023AH050992)the High-level Talent Introduction Project of Anhui Agricultural University(No.rc522112),China。
文摘Disposable face masks(DFMs),which are essential for mitigating the spread of infectious diseases like SARS-CoV-2,corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19),Ebola,and tuberculosis,create significant environmental challenges due to improper disposal.DFMs frequently accumulate in waste-activated sludge(WAS),posing potential environmental hazards.Anaerobic digestion(AD)is typically employed to stabilize and recovery resource from WAS;however,the presence of DFMs substantially disrupts the AD process.This study explored the potential of integrating hydrothermal pretreatment(HTT)with AD to maximize methane yield while mitigating the toxicological impact of mask-derived pollutants.The HTT of polypropylene(PP)(primary constituent of masks)or masks was conducted in 100 mL stainless-steel reactors with a mass concentration of 4 g per 40 mL deionized water,heated at 2.5℃/min to 160℃ for durations of 0.5,1,and 2 h.HTT increased the surface roughness of PP,induced oxygenated functional groups(–OH and C=O),enhanced the leaching of dissolved organic carbon(DOC),and reduced hydrophobicity and relative crystallinity,effectively addressing the limitations of enzymatic hydrolysis.Compared to untreated masks,cumulative methane production increased by 16.2%,31.5%,and 20.8% for HTT pretreatment at 160℃ for 0.5,1,and 2 h,respectively.Microbial community analysis indicated that HTT increased the relative abundance of specific hydrolytic-acidifying(Bacteroidota,Acidobacteria,and Desulfobacterota),and methanogenic bacteria(Methanosaeta and Candidatus_Methanofastidiosum)in AD process.Phytotoxicity tests demonstrated that digestates from AD of HTT mask at 160℃ for 1 h increased germination index of plants by 18.1%.This study shows HTT is a promising method for enhancing AD efficiency and lowering DFMs toxicity.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81973257,81801738,and 81703446)。
文摘Drug transportation is impeded by various barriers in the hypoxic solid tumor,resulting in compromised anticancer efficacy.Herein,a solid lipid monostearin(MS)-coated CaO_(2)/MnO_(2) nanocarrier was designed to optimize doxorubicin(DOX)transportation comprehensively for chemotherapy enhancement.The MS shell of nanoparticles could be destroyed selectively by highly-expressed lipase within cancer cells,exposing water-sensitive cores to release DOX and produce O_(2).After the cancer cell death,the core-exposed nanoparticles could be further liberated and continue to react with water in the tumor extracellular matrix(ECM)and thoroughly release O_(2) and DOX,which exhibited cytotoxicity to neighboring cells.Small DOX molecules could readily diffuse through ECM,in which the collagen deposition was decreased by O_(2)-mediated hypoxia-inducible factor-1 inhibition,leading to synergistically improved drug penetration.Concurrently,DOX-efflux-associated P-glycoprotein was also inhibited by O_(2),prolonging drug retention in cancer cells.Overall,the DOX transporting processes from nanoparticles to deep tumor cells including drug release,penetration,and retention were optimized comprehensively,which significantly boosted antitumor benefits.
文摘Pediatric patients are more likely to suffer from brain tumors.Surgical resection is often the optimal treatment.Perioperative management of pediatric brain tumor resection brings great challenges to anesthesiologists,especially for fluid therapy.In this case,the infant-patient was only 69-day-old,weighed 6 kg,but she was facing a gaint brain tumor(7.9 cm×8.1 cm×6.7 cm)excision.The infant was at great risks such as hemorrhagic shock,cerebral edema,pulmonary edema,congestive heart failure,coagulation dysfunction,etc.However,we tried to use the parameters obtained by bioreactance-based NICOM^(■)device(Cheetah Medical)to guide the infant’s intraoperative fluid therapy,and successfully avoided these complications and achieved a good prognosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China 81573008 and 81860547(Chunyan Dong)National Natural Science Foundation of China 82203861(Wanlu Cao).
文摘With the development and regulatory approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies,cancer immunotherapy has undergone a profound transformation over the past decades.Recently,therapeutic cancer vaccines have shown promise by eliciting de novo T cell responses targeting tumor antigens,including tumor-associated antigens and tumor-specific antigens.The objective was to amplify and diversify the intrinsic repertoire of tumor-specific T cells.However,the complete realization of these capabilities remains an ongoing pursuit.Therefore,we provide an overview of the current landscape of cancer vaccines in this review.The range of antigen selection,antigen delivery systems development the strategic nuances underlying effective antigen presentation have pioneered cancer vaccine design.Furthermore,this review addresses the current status of clinical trials and discusses their strategies,focusing on tumor-specific immunogenicity and anti-tumor efficacy assessment.However,current clinical attempts toward developing cancer vaccines have not yielded breakthrough clinical outcomes due to significant challenges,including tumor immune microenvironment suppression,optimal candidate identification,immune response evaluation,and vaccine manufacturing acceleration.Therefore,the field is poised to overcome hurdles and improve patient outcomes in the future by acknowledging these clinical complexities and persistently striving to surmount inherent constraints.
基金Science and Technology Planning Program of Xinjiang(2022E01047)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42030612 and 41905131)+2 种基金Scientific Research Program Funded by Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial Government(23JK0625)Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province(2021JQ-768)Social Science Planning Fund Program of Xi’an City(23JX150)。
文摘To harness the rich solar energy resources in Xinjiang Region of Northwest China,this study tries to address the issue of lack of downward surface shortwave radiation(DSSR)observations and the need to improve the accuracy of satellite retrieval and numerical simulation of DSSR under varied sky and meteorological conditions.(1)A two-layer aerosol model specific to Xinjiang was developed to capture the vertical distributions of aerosols based on multiple data sources including lidar,GPS sounding,ground meteorological observations,and profiles from the ECMWF reanalysis version 5(ERA5)data.The results show that the ERA5/PBLH(planetary boundary layer height)and ERA5/ALH(aerosol layer height)could be used to establish the two-layer aerosol model and characterize the vertical distribution of aerosols in Xinjiang Region.(2)Using the Santa Barbara Discrete Atmospheric Radiative Transfer(SBDART)model,a localized inverse model of clear-sky DSSR was established.After parameter adjustment and using the optimal combination of input parameters for DSSR simulation together with the two-layer aerosol model,the model-simulated DSSR(DSSRSBD)under clear-sky conditions improved significantly compared to the initial results,with all fitting indices greatly improved.(3)In addition,the study demonstrated that the impact of the two-layer aerosol model on DSSR was more pronounced under dust conditions than clear-sky conditions.(4)Using the localized clear-sky DSSR inversion model and its required parameters,simulations were also conducted to capture the spatiotemporal distribution of DSSR under clear-sky conditions in Xinjiang from 2017 to 2019.The annual average DSSR_(SBD)under clear-sky conditions in Xinjiang during 2017–2019 was 606.78 W m^(-2),while DSSR from CERES(DSSR_(CER))under the same conditions was generally higher(703.95 W m^(-2)).(5)It is found that satellite remote sensing products experienced data loss in high-altitude snow areas,where numerical simulation technology could serve as a valuable complement.
基金supported by the Programs of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81673368,81603046,81703446 and 81973257)
文摘Platinum-based chemotherapy is used for non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).However,it has side effects and minimum efficacy against lung cancer metastasis.In this study,platinum-curcumin complexes were loaded into pH and redox dual-responsive nanoparticles(denoted as Pt-CUR@PSPPN)to facilitate intracellular release and synergistic anti-cancer effects.Pt-CUR@PSPPN was prepared by a nano-precipitation method and had a diameter of^100 nm.The nanoparticles showed increased anticancer effects both in vivo and in vitro.In addition,Pt-CUR@PSPPN blocked PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathway and inhibited MMP2 and VEGFR2,resulting in enhanced anti-metastatic activity.Furthermore,reduced side effects were also observed.In conclusion,Pt-CUR@PSPPN provided a novel and attractive therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21825802,21908068)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2019PY11,2019MS041)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(201804020009)the State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering(2017ZD04,2018TS03)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2016A050502004,2017A030312005,2020A1515010376)。
文摘Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have been used to encapsulate active metal nanoparticles(MNPs)to fabricate MNPs@MOFs composites with high catalytic efficiencies.However,the diffusion of reactants and the accessibility of MNPs located in the center of MOFs may be hindered due to the inherent microporous structures of MOFs,which would affect the catalytic activities of MNPs.Herein,we report a solvent assisted ligand exchange-hydrogen reduction(SALE-HR)strategy to selectively encapsulate ultrafine MNPs(Pd or Pt)within the shallow layers of a MOF,i.e.,UiO-67.The particle sizes of the encapsulated MNPs and the thickness of the MNPs-embedded layers can be adjusted easily by controlling the SALE conditions(e.g.time and temperature).Crucially,the LE-Pd@UiO-80-0.5 composite with the thinnest Pd-embedded layers displays remarkable catalytic efficiency with a high turnover frequency(TOF)value of 600 h^-1towards hydrogenation of nitrobenzene under 1 atm H_2at room temperature.The results indicate that the catalytic efficiency and the utilization of MNPs can be enhanced by compactly encapsulating MNPs within the shallow layers of MOFs as close to their outer surfaces as possible,owing to the short masstransfer distance and enhanced accessibility of overall MNPs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21203166,21473157)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY16B030001)the Food Science and Engineering the Most Important Discipline of Zhejiang Province (JYTsp2014111)
文摘This review reports a series of mechanistic studies on Pd-catalyzed C-C cross-coupling reactions via density functional theory(DFT) calculations.A brief introduction of fundamental steps involved in these reactions is given,including oxidative addition,transmetallation and reductive elimination.We aim to provide an important review of recent progress on theoretical studies of palladium-catalyzed carbon-carbon cross-coupling reactions,including the C-C bond formation via C-H bond activation,decarboxylation,Pd(Ⅱ)/Pd(Ⅳ) catalytic cycle and double palladiums catalysis.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(grant nos.21921003,82071043,and 21725202)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(STCSM,grant nos.22JC1403700 and 22JC1403702)for financial support.
文摘In natural systems,water transport across the cellular plasma membranes is mainly mediated by naturally occurring channel protein aquaporins(AQPs),which lead to a series of important physiological functions including cell migration.The construction of artificial analogs of the natural AQPs would generate a new strategy for treating AQP-related diseases.In this report,an artificial water channel has been developed from a unimolecular tubular molecule,which featured structural encapsulation of a single-file water wire composed of oppositely orientated dipolar water molecules.This AQP-like structure endowed the artificial channel in living cells with AQP-like water permeability and selectivity.Interestingly,the artificial channel coupled with cell protrusion formation by mediating water transmembrane transport,leading to cell shape change and migration acceleration.The artificial channel-facilitated cell migration showed application in enhancing in vivo healing of traumatic injury.
