Foodborne bacteria produce biofilms and their viable but non-culturable(VBNC)formation,can affect food quality and safety.Studies have shown that these characteristics are regulated by the bacterial quorum sensing(QS)...Foodborne bacteria produce biofilms and their viable but non-culturable(VBNC)formation,can affect food quality and safety.Studies have shown that these characteristics are regulated by the bacterial quorum sensing(QS)system.Quenching the QS system of foodborne bacteria and blocking the expression of the corresponding genes may be an effective way to improve food quality and safety.Therefore,this article reviews the QS systems for foodborne bacteria,the regulatory mechanisms of QS systems in biofilm and VBNC formation and resuscitation,the research progress on quorum sensing inhibitors(QSIs)for Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria,and introduces QSIs from various sources.In addition,we have also summarized the current research issues on QS regulation of biofilms and VBNC formation.The systematic study of the QS phenomenon of foodborne bacteria in practical situations,the mechanism of bacterial QS cooperation-cheating,the screening of novel and highly active QSIs,the combination of QSIs and other technologies to improve their bioavailability,and the regulatory network between biofilm and VBNC formation and resuscitation are research directions that need to be paid attention to in the future.展开更多
Photo-assisted flexible energy storage devices,combining photoelectric conversion and electrochemical energy storage,emerge as an innovative solution for sustainable energy systems.This review comprehensively summariz...Photo-assisted flexible energy storage devices,combining photoelectric conversion and electrochemical energy storage,emerge as an innovative solution for sustainable energy systems.This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in photo-assisted flexible energy storage technology,covering material design,working mechanisms,and practical applications.We systematically examine diverse electrode materials,such as metal oxides,metal sulfides,organic photosensitive materials,and composites,emphasizing their roles in boosting device performance.Special focus is placed on emerging technologies—including heterostructure engineering,surface modification,and intelligent control systems—that have notably enhanced energy conversion efficiency and storage capacity.The review also discusses current challenges,such as material stability,conversion efficiency,and standardization,and proposes strategic directions for future development.Recent breakthroughs in photo-assisted supercapacitors,lithium-based batteries,zinc-based batteries,and other innovative storage systems are critically assessed,offering key insights into their practical application potential in wearable electronics,self-powered sensors,and beyond.This comprehensive analysis establishes a framework for understanding the current status of photo-assisted flexible energy storage technology and guides future research toward high-performance,sustainable energy storage solutions.展开更多
Aqueous electrochromic battery(ECB)has shown intense potential for achieving energy storage and saving simultaneously.While tungsten oxide(WO_(3))is the most promising EC material for commercialization,the cycling sta...Aqueous electrochromic battery(ECB)has shown intense potential for achieving energy storage and saving simultaneously.While tungsten oxide(WO_(3))is the most promising EC material for commercialization,the cycling stability of WO_(3)-based aqueous ECBs is currently unsatisfactory due to the repeated phase transition during the redox process and the corrosion by acidic electrolytes.Herein,we present a titanium-tungsten oxide alloy(Ti-WO_(3))with controllable morphology and crystal phase synthesized by a facile hot injection method to overcome the challenges.In contrast to conventional monoclinic WO_(3),the Ti-WO_(3)nanorods can stably maintain their cubic crystal phase during the redox reaction in an acidic electrolyte,thus leading to dramatically enhanced response speed and cycling stability,Specifically,when working in a well-matched hybrid Al^(3+)/Zn^(2+)aqueous electrolyte,our phasetransition-free cubic Ti-WO_(3)exhibits an ultra-high cycling stability(>20000 cycles),fast response speed(3,95 s/4,65 s for bleaching/coloring),as well as excellent discharge areal capacity of 214.5 mA h m^(-2),We further fabricate a fully complementa ry aqueous electrochromic device,for the first time,using a Ti-WO_(3)/Prussian blue device architecture.Remarkably,the complementary ECB shows>10000 stable operation cycles,attesting to the feasibility of our Ti-WO_(3)for practical applications.Our work validates the significance of inhibiting the phase transitions of WO_(3)during the electrochromic process for realizing highly cyclable aqueous ECB,which can possibly provide a generalized design guidance for other high-quality metallic oxides for electrochemical applications.展开更多
In this study,we utilized gene knockout and overexpression techniques to generate brewer's yeast strains with either a deletion or overexpression of the fatty acyl-CoA oxidase(POX1)gene.The strains studied include...In this study,we utilized gene knockout and overexpression techniques to generate brewer's yeast strains with either a deletion or overexpression of the fatty acyl-CoA oxidase(POX1)gene.The strains studied included the parental strain,the POX1 deletion strain,and the POX1 overexpression strain.These strains were exposed to iso-αacid from hops at a concentration of 300 mg/L,leading to the induction of a viable but nonculturable(VBNC)state.Our results indicated that the silencing of the POX1 gene rendered brewer's yeast cells unable to withstand the high concentration of iso-αacid stress,ultimately leading to cell death.Conversely,the overexpression of POX1 accelerated the transition of yeast cells into the VBNC state compared to the parental strain.Furthermore,we evaluated the levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS),catalase(CAT)activity,superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,glutathione reductase(GR)activity,and the m RNA expression of genes that regulate these enzymes(the stress-inducible yeast Mpv17(SYM1)gene,CTA1,SOD1,and glutathione reductase(GLR1)gene)in brewer's yeast cells at three distinct stages:normal,short-term stress,and VBNC states.Based on these findings,it can be inferred that the formation of the VBNC state in brewer's yeast is associated with the response to oxidative stress.展开更多
Extreme summer heat can have serious socioeconomic impacts in North China.Here,we explore the decadal variability of the number of extreme heat days in early-to-mid summer(June and July)and a related potential mechani...Extreme summer heat can have serious socioeconomic impacts in North China.Here,we explore the decadal variability of the number of extreme heat days in early-to-mid summer(June and July)and a related potential mechanism consistent with the major seasonal occurrence period of extreme heat events in North China(NCSH).Observational analyses show significant decadal variability in NCSH for 1981–2021,potentially linked to the Indo-Pacific warm pool and Northwest Pacific Ocean dipole(IPOD)in early-to-mid summer.Dynamic diagnostic analysis and the linear baroclinic model(LBM)show that the positive IPOD in early-to-mid summer can excite upward vertical wind anomalies in the South China-East China Sea region,shifting the position of the western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH)to the east or weakening the degree of its control of the South China-East China Sea region,thus generating a positive geopotential height quadrupole(EAWPQ)pattern in the East Asia-Northwest Pacific region.Subsequently,the EAWPQ can cause air compression(expansion)over North China by regulating the tropospheric thickness anomalies in North China,thus increasing(decreasing)NCSH.Finally,an empirical model that incorporates the linear trend can better simulate the decadal NCSH compared to an empirical model based solely on the IPOD index,suggesting that the decadal variability of NCSH may be a combined contribution of the decadal IPOD and external linear forcing.展开更多
[Objectives]To explore the change rule of polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of coarse old leaves of Yingshan Yunwu Tea in the process of human digestion.[Methods]The coarse and old leaves of Yunwu tea in Yin...[Objectives]To explore the change rule of polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of coarse old leaves of Yingshan Yunwu Tea in the process of human digestion.[Methods]The coarse and old leaves of Yunwu tea in Yingshan,Huanggang,Hubei Province were selected as the research object,and their digestion in vitro was simulated.The total polyphenol content was determined by Folin-phenol reagent colorimetric method,and the DPPH radical scavenging activity and total antioxidant activity were determined.[Results]After simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro,the polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of coarse old leaf tea soup showed a downward trend.After gastrointestinal digestion,the polyphenol content in tea infusion separately decreased by 31.8%and 8.5%;the scavenging rate of DPPH free radical was 97%before digestion,decreased to 92%after gastric digestion and 65%after intestinal digestion,which decreased by 5%and 27%,respectively;after gastrointestinal digestion,the total antioxidant capacity of tea soup decreased by 4.7%and 3.1%,respectively.[Conclusions]This study provided a reference for the development and application of coarse old leaves of Yingshan Yunwu tea,and provided a reference for the nutritional value evaluation and comprehensive utilization of coarse old leaves,so as to make the best use of coarse tea leaves and reduce the waste of resources.展开更多
[Objectives]Polysaccharide was extracted from Lactarius deliciosus by ultrasonic-assisted method to improve polysaccharide yield.[Methods]Five variables including extraction temperature,extraction time,ultrasonic powe...[Objectives]Polysaccharide was extracted from Lactarius deliciosus by ultrasonic-assisted method to improve polysaccharide yield.[Methods]Five variables including extraction temperature,extraction time,ultrasonic power,ultrasonic time and material-to-liquid ratio were selected for single factor experiments.The extraction process of L.deliciosus polysaccharide was optimized by response surface analysis,and its antioxidant activity was evaluated by measuring its total reduction ability and DPPH free radical scavenging capacity.[Results]The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows:material-to-liquid ratio 1:35 g:ml,ultrasonic power 462 W,ultrasonic time 10 min,extraction time 110 min and extraction temperature 90℃.Under these conditions,the extraction rate of polysaccharide was(10.83±0.03)%.The antioxidant test results showed that when the mass concentration of L.deliciosus polysaccharide was 0.5 mg/ml,its absorbance and DPPH free radical scavenging rate reached their maximum values,which were 3.274%and 41.27%,respectively.The L.deliciosus polysaccharide had good antioxidant properties.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for further development and utilization of L.deliciosus polysaccharide in the future.展开更多
With the continuous development of technologies such as big data,the internet,and deep learning,artificial intelligence(AI)has become widely used in many fields of laboratory medicine,including clinical microbiology,w...With the continuous development of technologies such as big data,the internet,and deep learning,artificial intelligence(AI)has become widely used in many fields of laboratory medicine,including clinical microbiology,where it has shown great potential in clinical practice.AI significantly improves the efficiency of microbial identification and diagnosis,and also assists in antibiotic resistance monitoring,treatment guidance,and antibiotic development.By automating daily tasks and optimizing laboratory workflows,AI can improve overall laboratory management.AI also plays an important role in infection monitoring,along with epidemic prevention and control.AI integration with clinical microbiology is reshaping the field and driving advancements for more accurate,efficient,and predictive healthcare solutions.This article thoroughly discusses AI applications in clinical microbiology and explores its opportunities and challenges,aiming to provide a reference for future AI expansion in this field.展开更多
Aging is a major risk factor for cognitive decline,making early detection and intervention essential.Betaine has shown potential in combating Alzheimer's disease;however,its effects on age-related cognitive declin...Aging is a major risk factor for cognitive decline,making early detection and intervention essential.Betaine has shown potential in combating Alzheimer's disease;however,its effects on age-related cognitive decline remain unclear.In this study,aging mice fed with betaine demonstrated improved performance in the Morris water maze test,locating the platform more quickly and frequently.To elucidate the underlying mechanisms,a gut–brain axis investigation was conducted.The betaine treatment increased gut microbiota diversity,enriching beneficial families such as Ruminococcaceae,Lactobacillaceae,and Prevotellaceae while reducing the abundance of Bacteroidaceae and Paraprevotellaceae.Additionally,levels of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)were elevated.Betaine also enhanced antioxidant defenses and reduced inflammation in both brain and gut tissues-evidenced by increased IL-10 and decreased IFN-γand TNF-αlevels-likely through modulation of microbial metabolites.Furthermore,neuronal architecture was preserved,and neurotransmitter levels were restored,leading to the alleviation of cognitive deficits in aging mice.Notably,the betaine content in quinoa was increased by 42.1%through fermentation with Lacticaseibacillus paracasei,and this betaine-rich fermented quinoa exhibited greater efficacy than pure betaine alone.Together,these findings highlight the critical role of betaine in preventing age-related cognitive decline via the microbiota–gut–brain axis and support the development of functional foods and supplements targeting memory impairment.展开更多
In 2018,China experienced the hottest summer since 1961.The maximum,mean,and minimum temperatures all reached the highest.Air temperatures in most regions were much higher than normal;in northern China especially,the ...In 2018,China experienced the hottest summer since 1961.The maximum,mean,and minimum temperatures all reached the highest.Air temperatures in most regions were much higher than normal;in northern China especially,the temperature anomalies were above double of the standard deviations.Consistent variations of temperature anomalies appeared in the national mean and in northern China on different timescales from intraseasonal to annual,indicating that the above normal temperature in northern China contributed significantly to the record-breaking hot summer of entire China.Relationships among the high temperature in summer 2018,the tropospheric circulation,and the global sea surface temperatures(SSTs)are further analyzed.It is found that the intensified and more northward western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH),weakened Northeast China cold vortex(NECV),and positive geopotential height anomaly from northern China to the Sea of Japan resulted in the abnormally high temperature in summer 2018.From late July to mid August,the WPSH was stronger than normal,with its ridge line jumping to north of 40°N;meanwhile,the NECV was much weaker and more northward than normal;both of the two systems led to the persistent high temperature in northern China during this period.In addition,the SSTs in Kuroshio and its extension area(K–KE)in summer 2018 were also the highest since 1961 and the greatest positive SST anomaly in K–KE was favorable for the above normal geopotential height over North China–Northeast China–Japan at 500 hPa,giving rise to the exceptionally high temperature in northern China.展开更多
In spring and early summer of 2019, Yunnan Province experienced the most severe seasonal drought on record,with days of extreme drought area exceeding 10^5 km^2 far more than normal. Consistently, the precipitation in...In spring and early summer of 2019, Yunnan Province experienced the most severe seasonal drought on record,with days of extreme drought area exceeding 10^5 km^2 far more than normal. Consistently, the precipitation in each month from February to June is over 30% less than normal, and about 50% less in the most severe drought period(April–June). The rainy season in Southwest China(SWC) started on the third pentad in June 2019, which is the second latest in history. The rainy season in Yunnan started on 24 June, which is the latest(29 days later than normal). On the contrary, the onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon(SCSSM) is abnormally early. The lag time between the start of the rainy season in SWC and the onset of the SCSSM in 2019 is 7 pentads, which is the largest since 1961, much longer than the climate mean(less than 1 pentad). The present study analyzes the possible reasons why the rainy season came extremely late and the drought disaster persisted and intensified after a much early SCSSM, at both seasonal and subseasonal timescales. The abnormally late onset of the rainy season and the second greatest potential evapotranspiration(PET) since 1981 are the direct reasons for the persistent drought. Statistical results show that the water vapor from southwest of Yunnan in April–June contributes more than that from the east at the seasonal scale. In April–June 2019, however, the southern branch trough(SBT) was abnormally weak, the large and strong anticyclonic wind anomaly prevailed over the Bay of the Bengal(BOB), and the meridional water vapor transport to Yunnan was weak. At the subseasonal scale, the weaker SBT lasted the longest, and the strong convection over the BOB came up late despite of an early onset of the SCSSM, which resulted in reduced low-level moisture convergence in Yunnan and development of drought prior to the SCSSM onset. From the onset of SCSSM to the start of rainy season in SWC, the SBT and meridional water vapor transport from the BOB were still weak, and the water vapor was mainly transported into the coastal area of South and Southeast China rather than Yunnan. After the start of the rainy season in SWC, the SBT was still weak. This led to less moisture transport in the westerlies to the west of Yunnan and the persistent extreme drought. Both the statistical results and case analysis indicate that the stronger Australian high in spring and early summer of 2019 was associated with the abnormally strong anticyclone over the BOB and the always weak SBT. In sum, the anomalous weakness of SBT played a critical role in the extreme drought occurrence and persistence in Yunnan of Southwest China in 2019.展开更多
We investigated the abrupt alternation from flood to drought in southern China during summer 2019 using multiple datasets.Positive anomalies of precipitation occurred in southern China in the summer of 2019 and the da...We investigated the abrupt alternation from flood to drought in southern China during summer 2019 using multiple datasets.Positive anomalies of precipitation occurred in southern China in the summer of 2019 and the daily precipitation in the south of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River valley showed an abrupt change from flood to drought conditions around mid-July.The highest precipitation in 39 yr was recorded between 1 June and 14 July 2019.The circulation systems affecting this high precipitation included a persistent deepened East Asian trough,the southward location of the western Pacific subtropical high,an intensified East Asian subtropical jet,an anomalous low-level cyclone from southern Japan to southern China,and extremely strong positive vorticity over the Jiangnan area.Completely different atmospheric circulation anomalies from 15 July to 31 August caused continuously high temperatures,below-normal precipitation,and severe drought in Jiangnan area.Further investigations showed that the sudden change in atmospheric circulation around mid-July started in the mid and lower troposphere and was influenced by the northward track of Tropical Cyclone Danas in the northwestern Pacific.展开更多
Polyphenols,serving as a significant active ingredient,exert a crucial role in the antioxidant effect of quinoa.Nevertheless,the preponderance of research has predominantly centered on quinoa grains,with a conspicuous...Polyphenols,serving as a significant active ingredient,exert a crucial role in the antioxidant effect of quinoa.Nevertheless,the preponderance of research has predominantly centered on quinoa grains,with a conspicuous scarcity of studies dedicated to quinoa sprouts.In this study,quinoa sprouts were used as substrate,and Lat-ilactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus was employed as the fermentation agent.The fermentation parameters of quinoa sprouts were meticulously optimized using a combination of single-factor experiments and response surface analysis,successfully leading to the enrichment of polyphenols.A noteworthy elevation in the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were observed after fermentation,with increments of 46.56%and 57.28%,respectively.Additionally,a statistically significant(P<0.05)augmentation in antioxidant activity was demonstrated,as measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)scavenging activity,2,2′-azinobis(3-eth-ylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)scavenging activity,oxygen radical absorbance capacity(ORAC),and reducing power.To gain further insights,metabolomics analysis was conducted,revealing the identity and quantity of active compounds present in the fermented quinoa sprouts broth.Notably,a marked increase in flavonoids like luteolin and quercetin was evident,whereas a substantial reduction in the levels of certain polyphenols,such as dihydrowogonin and quercetin 3-O-xylosyl-rutinoside,was observed after fermentation.The activities of five key enzymes were quantitatively assayed within the metabolic pathway of polyphenols,revealing significant variations.This comprehensive analysis provides a clearer understanding of the metabolic mechanisms underlying the bioconversion of polyphenols during the fermentation process.展开更多
Natural rhizosphere bacteria has the potential to act as an alternative of chemical pesticides for sustainable agriculture.In the current study,tobacco rhizosphere Bacillus velezensis D exhibited great antibacterial e...Natural rhizosphere bacteria has the potential to act as an alternative of chemical pesticides for sustainable agriculture.In the current study,tobacco rhizosphere Bacillus velezensis D exhibited great antibacterial effect against Ralstonia solanacearum,and significantly enhanced the tobacco resistance against bacterial wilt in pot experiments.Then Bacillus velezensis D was labeled with gfp marker and found to stably colonize in tobacco root,the colonization density of strain D in root still remained 5.33×10^(4)CFU/gat 30 days post-inoculation.Subsequently,field trials for two years(2021–2022)showed the control effects of the strain D on the tobacco bacterial wilt were 12.26%and 36.37%,respectively,indicating the application of B.velezensis D could improve plant resistance to R.solanacearum.In order to further study the antibacterial activities of strain D,effects of the crude extracts on the swimming ability,cell viability and the morphology of R.solanacearum were analyzed.The results showed that the crude extracts reduced the motility of R.solanacearum,and caused cell wall rupture and cell death.Furthermore,MALDI-TOF-MS and HPLC-QTOF-MS analysis indicated that lipopeptides(fengycin and iturin)and polyketides(bacillaene)were detected in the crude extracts of strain D.Based on these findings,we speculated that Bacillus velezensis D firstly colonized in tobacco root,then produced antibacterial substances at ecological sites to exert antagonistic effects,inhibiting motility traits of R.solanacearum and damaging the cell well.Hence,Bacillus velezensis D could be used as a potential biological control agents against tobacco bacterial wilt.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32202191)and(32272279)the Key R&D Project of Shandong Province(2023CXPT007 and 2024CXPT014)the Key R&D Project of Qingdao Science and Technology Plan(24-2-3-4-zyyd-jch).
文摘Foodborne bacteria produce biofilms and their viable but non-culturable(VBNC)formation,can affect food quality and safety.Studies have shown that these characteristics are regulated by the bacterial quorum sensing(QS)system.Quenching the QS system of foodborne bacteria and blocking the expression of the corresponding genes may be an effective way to improve food quality and safety.Therefore,this article reviews the QS systems for foodborne bacteria,the regulatory mechanisms of QS systems in biofilm and VBNC formation and resuscitation,the research progress on quorum sensing inhibitors(QSIs)for Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria,and introduces QSIs from various sources.In addition,we have also summarized the current research issues on QS regulation of biofilms and VBNC formation.The systematic study of the QS phenomenon of foodborne bacteria in practical situations,the mechanism of bacterial QS cooperation-cheating,the screening of novel and highly active QSIs,the combination of QSIs and other technologies to improve their bioavailability,and the regulatory network between biofilm and VBNC formation and resuscitation are research directions that need to be paid attention to in the future.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3807105)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52090033)+3 种基金State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials(KF222318)Jiangsu Province Industry-University-Research Cooperation Project(BY2022799)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX243534KYCX243521)。
文摘Photo-assisted flexible energy storage devices,combining photoelectric conversion and electrochemical energy storage,emerge as an innovative solution for sustainable energy systems.This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in photo-assisted flexible energy storage technology,covering material design,working mechanisms,and practical applications.We systematically examine diverse electrode materials,such as metal oxides,metal sulfides,organic photosensitive materials,and composites,emphasizing their roles in boosting device performance.Special focus is placed on emerging technologies—including heterostructure engineering,surface modification,and intelligent control systems—that have notably enhanced energy conversion efficiency and storage capacity.The review also discusses current challenges,such as material stability,conversion efficiency,and standardization,and proposes strategic directions for future development.Recent breakthroughs in photo-assisted supercapacitors,lithium-based batteries,zinc-based batteries,and other innovative storage systems are critically assessed,offering key insights into their practical application potential in wearable electronics,self-powered sensors,and beyond.This comprehensive analysis establishes a framework for understanding the current status of photo-assisted flexible energy storage technology and guides future research toward high-performance,sustainable energy storage solutions.
基金funded by the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(File no.0052/2021/AGJ,0027/2023/AMJ,0083/2023/ITP2 and 0107/2023/AFJ)the Multi-Year Research Grants(MYRG2022-00063-IAPME,MYRG-GRG2023-00230-IAPME-UMDF)from the University of Macao+1 种基金the Guangdong Science and Technology Plan(2022A0505020022)the Major Science and Technology Research and Development Project of Jiangxi Province(20223AAE01003)。
文摘Aqueous electrochromic battery(ECB)has shown intense potential for achieving energy storage and saving simultaneously.While tungsten oxide(WO_(3))is the most promising EC material for commercialization,the cycling stability of WO_(3)-based aqueous ECBs is currently unsatisfactory due to the repeated phase transition during the redox process and the corrosion by acidic electrolytes.Herein,we present a titanium-tungsten oxide alloy(Ti-WO_(3))with controllable morphology and crystal phase synthesized by a facile hot injection method to overcome the challenges.In contrast to conventional monoclinic WO_(3),the Ti-WO_(3)nanorods can stably maintain their cubic crystal phase during the redox reaction in an acidic electrolyte,thus leading to dramatically enhanced response speed and cycling stability,Specifically,when working in a well-matched hybrid Al^(3+)/Zn^(2+)aqueous electrolyte,our phasetransition-free cubic Ti-WO_(3)exhibits an ultra-high cycling stability(>20000 cycles),fast response speed(3,95 s/4,65 s for bleaching/coloring),as well as excellent discharge areal capacity of 214.5 mA h m^(-2),We further fabricate a fully complementa ry aqueous electrochromic device,for the first time,using a Ti-WO_(3)/Prussian blue device architecture.Remarkably,the complementary ECB shows>10000 stable operation cycles,attesting to the feasibility of our Ti-WO_(3)for practical applications.Our work validates the significance of inhibiting the phase transitions of WO_(3)during the electrochromic process for realizing highly cyclable aqueous ECB,which can possibly provide a generalized design guidance for other high-quality metallic oxides for electrochemical applications.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272279)the Key R&D project of Shandong Province(2023CXPT007)the Key R&D project of Qingdao Science and Technology Plan(22-3-3-hygg-29-hy)。
文摘In this study,we utilized gene knockout and overexpression techniques to generate brewer's yeast strains with either a deletion or overexpression of the fatty acyl-CoA oxidase(POX1)gene.The strains studied included the parental strain,the POX1 deletion strain,and the POX1 overexpression strain.These strains were exposed to iso-αacid from hops at a concentration of 300 mg/L,leading to the induction of a viable but nonculturable(VBNC)state.Our results indicated that the silencing of the POX1 gene rendered brewer's yeast cells unable to withstand the high concentration of iso-αacid stress,ultimately leading to cell death.Conversely,the overexpression of POX1 accelerated the transition of yeast cells into the VBNC state compared to the parental strain.Furthermore,we evaluated the levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS),catalase(CAT)activity,superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,glutathione reductase(GR)activity,and the m RNA expression of genes that regulate these enzymes(the stress-inducible yeast Mpv17(SYM1)gene,CTA1,SOD1,and glutathione reductase(GLR1)gene)in brewer's yeast cells at three distinct stages:normal,short-term stress,and VBNC states.Based on these findings,it can be inferred that the formation of the VBNC state in brewer's yeast is associated with the response to oxidative stress.
基金This work was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42130610,42075040,and 42175078)the Joint Research Project for Meteorological Capacity Improvement(Grant No.22NLTSQ002)+1 种基金Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(2020B0301030004)the Innovation and development project of China Meteorological Administration(Grant No.CXFZ2022J030).
文摘Extreme summer heat can have serious socioeconomic impacts in North China.Here,we explore the decadal variability of the number of extreme heat days in early-to-mid summer(June and July)and a related potential mechanism consistent with the major seasonal occurrence period of extreme heat events in North China(NCSH).Observational analyses show significant decadal variability in NCSH for 1981–2021,potentially linked to the Indo-Pacific warm pool and Northwest Pacific Ocean dipole(IPOD)in early-to-mid summer.Dynamic diagnostic analysis and the linear baroclinic model(LBM)show that the positive IPOD in early-to-mid summer can excite upward vertical wind anomalies in the South China-East China Sea region,shifting the position of the western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH)to the east or weakening the degree of its control of the South China-East China Sea region,thus generating a positive geopotential height quadrupole(EAWPQ)pattern in the East Asia-Northwest Pacific region.Subsequently,the EAWPQ can cause air compression(expansion)over North China by regulating the tropospheric thickness anomalies in North China,thus increasing(decreasing)NCSH.Finally,an empirical model that incorporates the linear trend can better simulate the decadal NCSH compared to an empirical model based solely on the IPOD index,suggesting that the decadal variability of NCSH may be a combined contribution of the decadal IPOD and external linear forcing.
基金Supported by High-level Training Project of Huanggang Normal University in 2021(202108504).
文摘[Objectives]To explore the change rule of polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of coarse old leaves of Yingshan Yunwu Tea in the process of human digestion.[Methods]The coarse and old leaves of Yunwu tea in Yingshan,Huanggang,Hubei Province were selected as the research object,and their digestion in vitro was simulated.The total polyphenol content was determined by Folin-phenol reagent colorimetric method,and the DPPH radical scavenging activity and total antioxidant activity were determined.[Results]After simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro,the polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of coarse old leaf tea soup showed a downward trend.After gastrointestinal digestion,the polyphenol content in tea infusion separately decreased by 31.8%and 8.5%;the scavenging rate of DPPH free radical was 97%before digestion,decreased to 92%after gastric digestion and 65%after intestinal digestion,which decreased by 5%and 27%,respectively;after gastrointestinal digestion,the total antioxidant capacity of tea soup decreased by 4.7%and 3.1%,respectively.[Conclusions]This study provided a reference for the development and application of coarse old leaves of Yingshan Yunwu tea,and provided a reference for the nutritional value evaluation and comprehensive utilization of coarse old leaves,so as to make the best use of coarse tea leaves and reduce the waste of resources.
基金Supported by High-level Cultivation Project of Huanggang Normal University(201816703).
文摘[Objectives]Polysaccharide was extracted from Lactarius deliciosus by ultrasonic-assisted method to improve polysaccharide yield.[Methods]Five variables including extraction temperature,extraction time,ultrasonic power,ultrasonic time and material-to-liquid ratio were selected for single factor experiments.The extraction process of L.deliciosus polysaccharide was optimized by response surface analysis,and its antioxidant activity was evaluated by measuring its total reduction ability and DPPH free radical scavenging capacity.[Results]The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows:material-to-liquid ratio 1:35 g:ml,ultrasonic power 462 W,ultrasonic time 10 min,extraction time 110 min and extraction temperature 90℃.Under these conditions,the extraction rate of polysaccharide was(10.83±0.03)%.The antioxidant test results showed that when the mass concentration of L.deliciosus polysaccharide was 0.5 mg/ml,its absorbance and DPPH free radical scavenging rate reached their maximum values,which were 3.274%and 41.27%,respectively.The L.deliciosus polysaccharide had good antioxidant properties.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for further development and utilization of L.deliciosus polysaccharide in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 8217102695)the Scientists and Engineers Team Construction Project of Shaanxi Province(Grant 2022KXJ-103).
文摘With the continuous development of technologies such as big data,the internet,and deep learning,artificial intelligence(AI)has become widely used in many fields of laboratory medicine,including clinical microbiology,where it has shown great potential in clinical practice.AI significantly improves the efficiency of microbial identification and diagnosis,and also assists in antibiotic resistance monitoring,treatment guidance,and antibiotic development.By automating daily tasks and optimizing laboratory workflows,AI can improve overall laboratory management.AI also plays an important role in infection monitoring,along with epidemic prevention and control.AI integration with clinical microbiology is reshaping the field and driving advancements for more accurate,efficient,and predictive healthcare solutions.This article thoroughly discusses AI applications in clinical microbiology and explores its opportunities and challenges,aiming to provide a reference for future AI expansion in this field.
基金financially supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province,China(Nos.2023CXPT007 and 2024CXPT014)the Key Research and Development Project of Qingdao Science and Technology Plan,China(No.24-2-3-4-zyyd-jch)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32272279)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China"the Belt and Road"Innovative Talents Exchange Foreign Experts Project(No.DL2023025005L)。
文摘Aging is a major risk factor for cognitive decline,making early detection and intervention essential.Betaine has shown potential in combating Alzheimer's disease;however,its effects on age-related cognitive decline remain unclear.In this study,aging mice fed with betaine demonstrated improved performance in the Morris water maze test,locating the platform more quickly and frequently.To elucidate the underlying mechanisms,a gut–brain axis investigation was conducted.The betaine treatment increased gut microbiota diversity,enriching beneficial families such as Ruminococcaceae,Lactobacillaceae,and Prevotellaceae while reducing the abundance of Bacteroidaceae and Paraprevotellaceae.Additionally,levels of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)were elevated.Betaine also enhanced antioxidant defenses and reduced inflammation in both brain and gut tissues-evidenced by increased IL-10 and decreased IFN-γand TNF-αlevels-likely through modulation of microbial metabolites.Furthermore,neuronal architecture was preserved,and neurotransmitter levels were restored,leading to the alleviation of cognitive deficits in aging mice.Notably,the betaine content in quinoa was increased by 42.1%through fermentation with Lacticaseibacillus paracasei,and this betaine-rich fermented quinoa exhibited greater efficacy than pure betaine alone.Together,these findings highlight the critical role of betaine in preventing age-related cognitive decline via the microbiota–gut–brain axis and support the development of functional foods and supplements targeting memory impairment.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1505603)National Science and Technology Support Program of China(2015BAC03B04)+2 种基金Youth Talent Development Program of China Meteorological Administration(CMA)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41205039 and 41776039)Forecasters’ Project of CMA(CMAYBY2019-149)
文摘In 2018,China experienced the hottest summer since 1961.The maximum,mean,and minimum temperatures all reached the highest.Air temperatures in most regions were much higher than normal;in northern China especially,the temperature anomalies were above double of the standard deviations.Consistent variations of temperature anomalies appeared in the national mean and in northern China on different timescales from intraseasonal to annual,indicating that the above normal temperature in northern China contributed significantly to the record-breaking hot summer of entire China.Relationships among the high temperature in summer 2018,the tropospheric circulation,and the global sea surface temperatures(SSTs)are further analyzed.It is found that the intensified and more northward western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH),weakened Northeast China cold vortex(NECV),and positive geopotential height anomaly from northern China to the Sea of Japan resulted in the abnormally high temperature in summer 2018.From late July to mid August,the WPSH was stronger than normal,with its ridge line jumping to north of 40°N;meanwhile,the NECV was much weaker and more northward than normal;both of the two systems led to the persistent high temperature in northern China during this period.In addition,the SSTs in Kuroshio and its extension area(K–KE)in summer 2018 were also the highest since 1961 and the greatest positive SST anomaly in K–KE was favorable for the above normal geopotential height over North China–Northeast China–Japan at 500 hPa,giving rise to the exceptionally high temperature in northern China.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1505603 and 2017YFC1502402)China Meteorological Administration Special Public Welfare Research Fund(GYHY201306033)。
文摘In spring and early summer of 2019, Yunnan Province experienced the most severe seasonal drought on record,with days of extreme drought area exceeding 10^5 km^2 far more than normal. Consistently, the precipitation in each month from February to June is over 30% less than normal, and about 50% less in the most severe drought period(April–June). The rainy season in Southwest China(SWC) started on the third pentad in June 2019, which is the second latest in history. The rainy season in Yunnan started on 24 June, which is the latest(29 days later than normal). On the contrary, the onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon(SCSSM) is abnormally early. The lag time between the start of the rainy season in SWC and the onset of the SCSSM in 2019 is 7 pentads, which is the largest since 1961, much longer than the climate mean(less than 1 pentad). The present study analyzes the possible reasons why the rainy season came extremely late and the drought disaster persisted and intensified after a much early SCSSM, at both seasonal and subseasonal timescales. The abnormally late onset of the rainy season and the second greatest potential evapotranspiration(PET) since 1981 are the direct reasons for the persistent drought. Statistical results show that the water vapor from southwest of Yunnan in April–June contributes more than that from the east at the seasonal scale. In April–June 2019, however, the southern branch trough(SBT) was abnormally weak, the large and strong anticyclonic wind anomaly prevailed over the Bay of the Bengal(BOB), and the meridional water vapor transport to Yunnan was weak. At the subseasonal scale, the weaker SBT lasted the longest, and the strong convection over the BOB came up late despite of an early onset of the SCSSM, which resulted in reduced low-level moisture convergence in Yunnan and development of drought prior to the SCSSM onset. From the onset of SCSSM to the start of rainy season in SWC, the SBT and meridional water vapor transport from the BOB were still weak, and the water vapor was mainly transported into the coastal area of South and Southeast China rather than Yunnan. After the start of the rainy season in SWC, the SBT was still weak. This led to less moisture transport in the westerlies to the west of Yunnan and the persistent extreme drought. Both the statistical results and case analysis indicate that the stronger Australian high in spring and early summer of 2019 was associated with the abnormally strong anticyclone over the BOB and the always weak SBT. In sum, the anomalous weakness of SBT played a critical role in the extreme drought occurrence and persistence in Yunnan of Southwest China in 2019.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1902209,41776039,and 421705078)。
文摘We investigated the abrupt alternation from flood to drought in southern China during summer 2019 using multiple datasets.Positive anomalies of precipitation occurred in southern China in the summer of 2019 and the daily precipitation in the south of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River valley showed an abrupt change from flood to drought conditions around mid-July.The highest precipitation in 39 yr was recorded between 1 June and 14 July 2019.The circulation systems affecting this high precipitation included a persistent deepened East Asian trough,the southward location of the western Pacific subtropical high,an intensified East Asian subtropical jet,an anomalous low-level cyclone from southern Japan to southern China,and extremely strong positive vorticity over the Jiangnan area.Completely different atmospheric circulation anomalies from 15 July to 31 August caused continuously high temperatures,below-normal precipitation,and severe drought in Jiangnan area.Further investigations showed that the sudden change in atmospheric circulation around mid-July started in the mid and lower troposphere and was influenced by the northward track of Tropical Cyclone Danas in the northwestern Pacific.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32272279)the Key R&D Project of Qingdao Science and Technology Plan(22-3-3-hygg-29-hy)+1 种基金the Key R&D project of Shandong Province(2023CXPT007)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China“the Belt and Road”Innovative Talents Exchange Foreign Experts Project(DL2023025005L).
文摘Polyphenols,serving as a significant active ingredient,exert a crucial role in the antioxidant effect of quinoa.Nevertheless,the preponderance of research has predominantly centered on quinoa grains,with a conspicuous scarcity of studies dedicated to quinoa sprouts.In this study,quinoa sprouts were used as substrate,and Lat-ilactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus was employed as the fermentation agent.The fermentation parameters of quinoa sprouts were meticulously optimized using a combination of single-factor experiments and response surface analysis,successfully leading to the enrichment of polyphenols.A noteworthy elevation in the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were observed after fermentation,with increments of 46.56%and 57.28%,respectively.Additionally,a statistically significant(P<0.05)augmentation in antioxidant activity was demonstrated,as measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)scavenging activity,2,2′-azinobis(3-eth-ylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)scavenging activity,oxygen radical absorbance capacity(ORAC),and reducing power.To gain further insights,metabolomics analysis was conducted,revealing the identity and quantity of active compounds present in the fermented quinoa sprouts broth.Notably,a marked increase in flavonoids like luteolin and quercetin was evident,whereas a substantial reduction in the levels of certain polyphenols,such as dihydrowogonin and quercetin 3-O-xylosyl-rutinoside,was observed after fermentation.The activities of five key enzymes were quantitatively assayed within the metabolic pathway of polyphenols,revealing significant variations.This comprehensive analysis provides a clearer understanding of the metabolic mechanisms underlying the bioconversion of polyphenols during the fermentation process.
基金funded by the General Program of Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province,China(No.2008085MC93)the General Program of Guizhou Tobacco Company Zunyi Branch,China(No.201901).
文摘Natural rhizosphere bacteria has the potential to act as an alternative of chemical pesticides for sustainable agriculture.In the current study,tobacco rhizosphere Bacillus velezensis D exhibited great antibacterial effect against Ralstonia solanacearum,and significantly enhanced the tobacco resistance against bacterial wilt in pot experiments.Then Bacillus velezensis D was labeled with gfp marker and found to stably colonize in tobacco root,the colonization density of strain D in root still remained 5.33×10^(4)CFU/gat 30 days post-inoculation.Subsequently,field trials for two years(2021–2022)showed the control effects of the strain D on the tobacco bacterial wilt were 12.26%and 36.37%,respectively,indicating the application of B.velezensis D could improve plant resistance to R.solanacearum.In order to further study the antibacterial activities of strain D,effects of the crude extracts on the swimming ability,cell viability and the morphology of R.solanacearum were analyzed.The results showed that the crude extracts reduced the motility of R.solanacearum,and caused cell wall rupture and cell death.Furthermore,MALDI-TOF-MS and HPLC-QTOF-MS analysis indicated that lipopeptides(fengycin and iturin)and polyketides(bacillaene)were detected in the crude extracts of strain D.Based on these findings,we speculated that Bacillus velezensis D firstly colonized in tobacco root,then produced antibacterial substances at ecological sites to exert antagonistic effects,inhibiting motility traits of R.solanacearum and damaging the cell well.Hence,Bacillus velezensis D could be used as a potential biological control agents against tobacco bacterial wilt.
