Water plays an important role in many essential biological processes of membrane proteins in hydrated lipid environments.In general,the 1H polarization transfers berween water molecules and site--specific protons in p...Water plays an important role in many essential biological processes of membrane proteins in hydrated lipid environments.In general,the 1H polarization transfers berween water molecules and site--specific protons in proteins can be classified as coherent(via dipolar spin diffusion)and incoherent(via chemical exchange and nuclear Overhauser effect)transfers.Solid-state NMR is the technique of choice for studying such water-protein interactions in membrane-bound proteins/peptides through the detection of'H polarization transfers from water to the proteins.These polarization transfer mechanisms often exist simultaneously and are difficult to quantify individually.Here,we review water-protein polarization transfer techniques in solid state NMR with a focus on the recent progress for the direct detection of site-specific kinetic water-protein chemical exchange processes on the sub-millisecond time scale in membrane-bound proteins.The measurements of the pure chemical exchange ki-netics provide a unique opportunity to understand the role that water plays in the structure-function relationships of membrane bound species at the water-bilayer interface.In addi-tion,the perspective of chemical exchange saturation transfer(CEST)experiments in membrane-bound proteins/peptides is further discussed.展开更多
基金This work was supported by NIH Grants AI023007 and GM122698All NMR experiments were carried out at the National High Magnetic Field lab(NHMFL)supported by the NSF Cooperative Agreement DMR-1644779 and the State of Florida.
文摘Water plays an important role in many essential biological processes of membrane proteins in hydrated lipid environments.In general,the 1H polarization transfers berween water molecules and site--specific protons in proteins can be classified as coherent(via dipolar spin diffusion)and incoherent(via chemical exchange and nuclear Overhauser effect)transfers.Solid-state NMR is the technique of choice for studying such water-protein interactions in membrane-bound proteins/peptides through the detection of'H polarization transfers from water to the proteins.These polarization transfer mechanisms often exist simultaneously and are difficult to quantify individually.Here,we review water-protein polarization transfer techniques in solid state NMR with a focus on the recent progress for the direct detection of site-specific kinetic water-protein chemical exchange processes on the sub-millisecond time scale in membrane-bound proteins.The measurements of the pure chemical exchange ki-netics provide a unique opportunity to understand the role that water plays in the structure-function relationships of membrane bound species at the water-bilayer interface.In addi-tion,the perspective of chemical exchange saturation transfer(CEST)experiments in membrane-bound proteins/peptides is further discussed.
