Elucidating the microbial mechanisms that trigger Fusarium wilt represents a key step in addressing the barriers to sustainable cropping.However,from the perspective of the complete microbiome,the integrated role of s...Elucidating the microbial mechanisms that trigger Fusarium wilt represents a key step in addressing the barriers to sustainable cropping.However,from the perspective of the complete microbiome,the integrated role of soil nutrients and microbial community in the fields with different rates of wilt disease remains unclear.In this study,we examined the potential interrelationships among the nutrients,bacteria,fungi,and protists in rhizospheric soils collected from the fields with watermelon cropping for 7 years at the Zhuanghang Experimental Station of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China.The soils collected were characterized by a high(HW,81.25%)or low(LW,6.25%)wilting rate.The HW soil was found to contain a higher abundance of Fusarium oxysporum(1.30-fold higher)than the LW soil,along with higher contents of available phosphorus(1.31-fold higher)and available potassium(2.39-fold higher).In addition,the interkingdom correlation between protists and bacteria in the HW soil was 2.08-fold higher than that in the LW soil.Furthermore,structural equation modeling revealed that an excess of soil available potassium enhanced the predation by potentially detrimental phagotrophic protists on potentially beneficial bacteria.In summary,our findings indicated that a balanced nutrient input and the interactions between protists(Cercomonas and Colpoda)and beneficial bacteria(Bacillus)played important roles in controlling the incidence of watermelon Fusarium wilt.展开更多
The root microdomain represents a“hot spot”where microorganisms play a pivotal role in driving ecological processes and interact intimately with the host plants.In this study,we investigated 11 indica and 4 japonica...The root microdomain represents a“hot spot”where microorganisms play a pivotal role in driving ecological processes and interact intimately with the host plants.In this study,we investigated 11 indica and 4 japonica rice varieties as test crops and analyzed the structural and functional characteristics of the microbial communities in the rhizosphere,rhizoplane and root endosphere ofindica and japonica rice using high-throughput sequencing technology.Our findings reveal that,during the assembly process within the root microdomain,community diversity gradually decreases,while the filtering effect of the rice root intensifies from the rhizosphere to the root endosphere.Gammaproteobacteria tended to be recruited by both indica and japonica rice,while Clostridia and Betaproteobacteria were specifically recruited by japonica rice to colonize the rhizoplane and root endosphere.In contrast,Bacteroidia were depleted in the root microdomain of both indica and japonica rice,whereas Deltaproteobacteria and Nitrospira were specifically depleted in the root microdomain of indica rice.Compared to japonica rice,the bacteria enriched in the root microdomain of indica rice were primarily affiliated with Bacillales,Pseudomonadales,and Nitrospirales.Moreover,the indica rice had a lower number of instances of co-occurrence(edge/node ratio),network density and degree,while displayed a higher number of modularity,among-module connectivities,average path length and closeness centrality compared with japonica rice.These findings provide detailed insights into the assembly process of the microbiome in the root microdomain of different rice cultivars,as well as host genotype-regulated changes in microbial communities.展开更多
Soil microbial alpha diversity is essential for driving ecosystem functions and processes.However,little is known about the beta-diversity affect community functions.Here,we combine distinct community inocula using th...Soil microbial alpha diversity is essential for driving ecosystem functions and processes.However,little is known about the beta-diversity affect community functions.Here,we combine distinct community inocula using the dilution-to-extinction approach with two wheat genotypes to study the effect of microbial diversity loss on rhizosphere community assembly processes,which are related to beta-diversity(between-habitat diversity),and the consequences for ecosystem functions within greenhouse experiment.Compared with alpha-diversity,the bacterial and fungal community beta-diversity are stronger predictors of ecosystem functions(organic matter degradation,phosphorus supply capacity and nitrogen supply capacity),plant genotypes regulated the relationship between microbial diversity and ecosystem functions,with ecosystem functions being significant link to microbial diversity under different wheat genotypes.Loss of microbial diversity decreased the abundance of Bacterial_ASV6(Burkholderia)and increased Fungal_11(Altemaria)within the restored rhizosphere soil.Null modeling analysis showed that the deterministic assembly processes are dominant in bacterial community and fungal high-diversity(alpha-diversity)community,associating with the change of specialized functions(organic matter degradation,phosphorus supply capacity and nitrogen supply capacity)that are correlated with microbial diversity and specific microbial taxa.In addition,these two species were key role for regulating to the network cohesion.Overall,our study pointed out that the regulation of community assembly by microbial diversity loss limits the development of soil ecological functions and weakens the stability of rhizosphere microbial network,highlighting the potential regulatory effect of microbial taxa distribution on microbial community stability and changes of specific ecological functions.展开更多
Global agrifood systems face three interconnected challenges:ensuring food security,promoting environmental sustainability,and restoring soil health in the face of climate change.Conventional practices have prioritize...Global agrifood systems face three interconnected challenges:ensuring food security,promoting environmental sustainability,and restoring soil health in the face of climate change.Conventional practices have prioritized productivity over ecological resilience,leading to soil degradation,increased greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,and inefficient resource utilization.Here,we introduce a“triple-goal”agrifood framework that enhances food production,soil health,and GHG mitigation simultaneously through integrated innovations.Using a second-order meta-analysis of 104 meta-analyses that cover 39,162 studies and 300,139 global field comparisons,we identified key interventions,including optimized fertigation,diversified cropping systems,organic amendments,and precision N management,that increased productivity by 14%–28%while reducing environmental impacts.Diversified systems boosted yields by 19.6%and reduced land use by 19%.Integrating legumes and cover crops lowered N2O emissions by 18%–65%,while organic amendments increased soil organic carbon stocks by 7%–13%.Structural equation modeling identified nitrogen use efficiency and microbial activity as central to the food-soil-emissions nexus.However,tradeoffs remain;yield-focused strategies can elevate emissions if not tailored to local conditions.By integrating agronomic,biological,and technological interventions such as conservation tillage,biofertilization,and digital agriculture,this triple-goal framework supports a 15%–30%reduction in anthropogenic CO2-equivalent emissions.These findings underscore the need for policy reform and multi-stakeholder collaboration to scale up the adaptation of integrated strategies in alignment with the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals and the“One Health”initiative.The triple-goal framework provides a transformative pathway to climate-smart,equitable,and resilient agrifood systems that strike a balance between productivity and planetary health.展开更多
Crop rotation is a beneficial and sustainable agricultural practice that facilitates increased opportunities for smallholders.This study investigated the impact of eight commonly used crop rotations in China on soil p...Crop rotation is a beneficial and sustainable agricultural practice that facilitates increased opportunities for smallholders.This study investigated the impact of eight commonly used crop rotations in China on soil properties and microbial communities.The faba bean(Vicia faba)rotation increased soil water content,total carbon,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and organic carbon content by 29.1%,40.9%,55.9%,18.9%,and 61.6%,respectively,compared to other rotations.The faba bean rotation also exhibited increased soil microbial biomass and soil respiration rates.The effect sizes of the faba bean rotation on soil properties were larger than those of other rotations.The richness and diversity of the microbial community were significantly higher in the faba bean rotation than in other rotations.Desulfobacterota and Planctomycetota had a positive correlation with soil multifunctionality.The faba bean rotation was potentially beneficial to soil fertility and water-use efficiency,creating a favorable niche for microbial growth.With increased microbial activity and potential for nutrient mineralization,legume-microbe interactions had been improved through crop rotation.This resulted in enhancing nutrient cycling efficiency in the faba bean rotation,potentially improving soil properties.展开更多
Microplastics and heavy metal contamination poses major threats to soil function and food security;however,their synergistic effects remain largely unclear.This study investigated the effects of single or combined add...Microplastics and heavy metal contamination poses major threats to soil function and food security;however,their synergistic effects remain largely unclear.This study investigated the effects of single or combined addition of polyethylene(PE)microplastic(1%w/w)and cadmium(Cd;1.5 and 5 mg kg^(-1))on functional microbial communities in the wheat rhizosphere soil.We observed that the biomass of wheat increased by 142.44%under high doses of Cd addition.The bacterial alpha diversity in wheat bulk soil reduced by 37.34%–37.83%with the combined addition of microplastic and Cd.The addition of microplastic reduced the relative abundance of Proteus involved in nitrogen fixation by 19.93%,while the relative abundance of Proteus and Actinobacteria involved in nitrogen cycling increased with the increase of Cd concentration,increasing by 27.96%–37.37%and 51.14%–55.04%,respectively.FAPROTAX analysis revealed that increasing Cd concentration promoted the abundance of functional bacterial communities involved in nitrification/denitrification and nitrate/nitrite respiration in rhizosphere soil.A FunGuild analysis showed that the synergy of PE-microplastics and Cd increased the abundance of saprophytic fungi,suggesting an enhanced degradation function.Our findings provide new knowledge on the effects of microplastics and heavy metals on soil microorganisms and functional microbial communities in agricultural soil.展开更多
Assessment of soil health requires complexevaluation of properties and functions responsible for abroad range of ecosystem services. Numerous soil qualityindices (SQI) have been suggested for the evaluation ofspecific...Assessment of soil health requires complexevaluation of properties and functions responsible for abroad range of ecosystem services. Numerous soil qualityindices (SQI) have been suggested for the evaluation ofspecific groups of soil functions, but comparison of variousSQI is impossible because they are based on a combinationof specific soil properties. To avoid this problem, wesuggest an SQI-area approach based on the comparison ofthe areas on a radar diagram of a combination of chemical,biological and physical properties. The new approach isindependent of the SQI principle and allows rapid andsimple comparison of parameter groups and soils. Anotherapproach analyzing the resistance and sensitivity ofproperties to degradation is suggested for a detailedevaluation of soil health. The resistance and sensitivityof soil properties are determined through comparison withthe decrease of soil organic carbon (SOC) as a universalparameter responsible for many functions. The SQI-areaand resistance/sensitivity approaches were tested based on quences after the ab and on ment of agricultural soils. Both the SQI-area and the resistance/sensitivity approaches areuseful for basic and applied research, and for decisionmakersto evaluate land-use practices and measure thedegree of soil degradation.展开更多
Microplastics provide a new ecological niche for microorganisms,and the accumulation levels of microplastics(MPs)in terrestrial ecosystems are higher than those in marine ecosystems.Here,we applied the zymography to i...Microplastics provide a new ecological niche for microorganisms,and the accumulation levels of microplastics(MPs)in terrestrial ecosystems are higher than those in marine ecosystems.Here,we applied the zymography to investigate how MPs–polyethylene[PE],and polyvinyl chloride[PVC])at two levels(0.01%and 1%soil weight)impacted the spatial distribution of soil hydrolases,nutrient availability,and rice growth in paddy soil.MPs increased the above-ground biomass by 13.0%–15.5%and decreased the below-ground biomass by 8.0%–15.1%.Addition of 0.01%and 1%MPs reduced soil NH4+content by 18.3%–63.2%and 52.2%–80.2%,respectively.The average activities of N-and P-hydrolases increased by 0.8%–4.8%and 1.9%–6.3%with addition of MPs,respectively.The nutrient uptake by rice plants and the enzyme activities in hotspots increased with MP content in soil.The accumulation of MPs in paddy soil could provide an ecological niche that facilitates microbial survival,alters the spatial distribution of soil hydrolases,and decreases nutrient availability.展开更多
Microplastic distribution is non-homogeneous in agricultural soil following plastic film degradation.However,the distribution of microplastics by shape and particle size in different soil aggregates remains unknown.To...Microplastic distribution is non-homogeneous in agricultural soil following plastic film degradation.However,the distribution of microplastics by shape and particle size in different soil aggregates remains unknown.To elucidate the distribution of microplastic shapes and particle sizes in soil aggregates with increasing years of film mulching,four paired fields with film mulching(FM)and no mulching(NM)were examined at 1,5,10,and 20 years after continuous mulching.An increase in soil aggregates of 0.053–0.25 mm diameter was observed;however,soil organic carbon content decreased after long-term FM.Microplastics primarily combined with 0.053–2 mm soil aggregates.Specifically,long-term FM was associated with dominance of film-and fiber-shaped microplastics in soil aggregates of 0.25–2 mm and 0.053–0.25 mm diameter,respectively.Fiber-and granule-shaped microplastics of 0.25–1 mm diameter primarily combined with 0.053–0.25 and 0.25–2 mm soil aggregates,respectively.Film-shaped microplastics of diameter>1 mm and diameter 0.05–0.25 mm primarily combined with 0.25–2 mm soil aggregates.Therefore,distribution of microplastics in soil aggregates can be used to monitor soil health and quality,greatly enhancing our understanding of the risk posed by microplastics to the environment.展开更多
Combined straw and straw-derived biochar input is commonly applied by farmland management in low-fertility soils.Although straw return increases soil organic matter(SOM)contents,it also primes SOM mineralization.The m...Combined straw and straw-derived biochar input is commonly applied by farmland management in low-fertility soils.Although straw return increases soil organic matter(SOM)contents,it also primes SOM mineralization.The mechanisms by which active microorganisms mineralize SOM and the underlying factors remain unclear for such soils.To address these issues,paddy soil was amended with^(13)C-labeled straw,with and without biochar(BC)or ferrihydrite(Fh),and incubated for 70 days under flooded conditions.Compound-specific^(13)C analysis of phospholipid fatty acids(^(13)C-PLFAs)allowed us to identify active microbial communities utilizing the^(13)C-labeled straw and specific groups involved in SOM mineralization.Cumulative SOM mineralization increased by 61%and 27%in soils amended with Straw+BC and Straw+Fh+BC,respectively,compared to that with straw only.The total PLFA content was independent of the straw and biochar input.However,^(13)C-PLFAs contents increased by 35-82%after biochar addition,reflecting accelerated microbial turnover.Compared to that in soils without biochar addition,those with biochar had an altered microbial community composition-increased amounts of^(13)C-labeled gram-positive bacteria(^(13)C-Gram+)and fungi,which were the main active microorganisms mineralizing SOM.Microbial reproduction and growth were susceptible to nutrient availability.^(13)C-Gram+and^(13)C-fungi increased with Olsen P but decreased with dissolved organic carbon and NO−3 contents.In conclusion,biochar acts as an electron shuttle,stimulates iron reduction,and releases organic carbon from soil minerals,which in turn increases SOM mineralization.Gram+and fungi were involved in straw decomposition in response to biochar application and responsible for SOM mineralization.展开更多
Potted rice seedlings independently treated with N,P,and NP were continuously^(13)CO_(2) labeled to investigated the influence of N and P application on the contribution of photosynthesized C to the rhizosphere versus...Potted rice seedlings independently treated with N,P,and NP were continuously^(13)CO_(2) labeled to investigated the influence of N and P application on the contribution of photosynthesized C to the rhizosphere versus bulk soil and particulate organic matter(POM)versus mineral fraction(MIN).N and NP enhanced net assimilated^(13)C on day 14(D14),with maximum C assimilation occurring on day 22(D22)under NP.Aboveground biomass retained more^(13)C than belowground biomass for all treatments.^(13)C incorporation into the rhizosphere exceeded that in bulk soil,with the maximum(6-10%)found under N addition.Newly assimilated^(13)incorporated into POM increased in the rhizosphere under N and NP conditions,whereas MIN remained largely unaffected.^(13)C-MBC proportion in the total microbial biomass C(MBC)pool revealed that N and NP stimulated microbial activity to a greater degree than P.The main portion of^(13)C in the rhizosphere and bulk soil was found in POM on D14,which decreased over time due to microbial utilization.Contrastingly,root-derived ^(13)C in the MIN remained unchanged between sampling days,which indicates that the stabilization of rhizodeposits in this fraction might be the potential mechanism underlying SOM sequestration in paddy soils.展开更多
Rhizodeposits in rice paddy soil are important in global C sequestration and cycling.This study explored the effects of elevated CO_(2) and N fertilization during the rice growing season on the subsequent mineralizati...Rhizodeposits in rice paddy soil are important in global C sequestration and cycling.This study explored the effects of elevated CO_(2) and N fertilization during the rice growing season on the subsequent mineralization and retention of rhizodeposit-C in soil aggregates after harvest.Rice(Oryza sativa L.)was labeled with ^(13)CO_(2) under ambient(400 ppm)and elevated(800 ppm)CO_(2) concentrations with and without N fertilization.After harvest,soil with labeled rhizodeposits was collected,separated into three aggregate size fractions,and flood-incubated for 100 d.The initial rhizodeposit-^(13)C content of N-fertilized microaggregates was less than 65%of that of non-fertilized microaggregates.During the incubation of microaggregates separated from N-fertilized soils,3%–9%and 9%–16%more proportion of rhizodeposit-^(13)C was mineralized to ^(13)CO_(2),and incorporated into the microbial biomass,respectively,while less was allocated to soil organic carbon than in the non-fertilized soils.Elevated CO_(2) increased the rhizodeposit-^(13)C content of all aggregate fractions by 10%–80%,while it reduced cumulative ^(13)CO_(2) emission and the bioavailable C pool size of rhizodeposit-C,especially in N-fertilized soil,except for the silt-clay fraction.It also resulted in up to 23%less rhizodeposit-C incorporated into the microbial biomass of the three soil aggregates,and up to 23%more incorporated into soil organic carbon.These results were relatively weak in the silt-clay fraction.Elevated CO_(2) and N fertilizer applied in rice growing season had a legacy effect on subsequent mineralization and retention of rhizodeposits in paddy soils after harvest,the extent of which varied among the soil aggregates.展开更多
Soil organic matter turnover rates are typically estimated from mass loss of the material over time or from on rates of carbon dioxide production.In the study,we investigated a new way to characterize the concentratio...Soil organic matter turnover rates are typically estimated from mass loss of the material over time or from on rates of carbon dioxide production.In the study,we investigated a new way to characterize the concentration-dependent kinetics of amino acids used by measuring microbial uptake and mineralization of ^(14)C-alanine.We measured the depletion from soil solution after additions ^(14)C-alanine.The microbial uptake of ^(14)C-alanine from soil solution was concentration-dependent and kinetic analysis indicated the operation of at least three distinct alanine transport systems of differing affinities.Most of the ^(14)C-alanine depletion from the soil solution occurred rapidly within the first 10-30 min of the incubation after 10μM to 1 mM substrate additions.At alanine concentrations less than 250μM,the kinetic parameters for K_(m) and V_(max) of the higher-affinity transporter were 60.0μM and 1.32μmol g^(-1) DW soil h^(-1),respectively.The mineralization of alanine was determined and the half-time values for the rapid mineralization process were 45 min to 1.5 h after the addition at alanine concentrations below 1 mM.The time delay after its uptake into microbial biomass suggested that alanine uptake and subsequent respiration were uncoupled pattern.The microbial N uptake rate was calculated by microbial mineralization,and an estimated K_(m) value of 1731.7±274.6μM and V_(max )value of 486.0±38.5μmol kg^(-1)DW soil h^(-1).This study provides an alternative approach for measuring the rate of turnover of compounds that turnover very rapidly in soil.展开更多
Loquat orchard location was the main driver of microbial communities and loquat fruit quality.The average fruit weight was correlated with theɑ-andβ-diversity of bacteria and protists.Soil bacterial and protistan co...Loquat orchard location was the main driver of microbial communities and loquat fruit quality.The average fruit weight was correlated with theɑ-andβ-diversity of bacteria and protists.Soil bacterial and protistan communities drove the multiple nutrient cycling.The role of the soil microbiome in fruit quality within loquat orchards remains largely unknown.In this study,we collected soil samples from various loquat orchards in Ningbo,Zhejiang Province,China and investigated bacterial,fungal,and protist communities.The results showed that soil physicochemical conditions,the microbial community,and loquat fruit quality were significantly related to orchard location but unrelated to cultivation time and fertilization.The heterogeneity of the bacterial community was driven by soil pH,available phosphorus,and available potassium(AK).The fungal community was driven by soil electrical conductivity and AK.The protist community was driven by soil dissolved organic nitrogen and AK.The average fruit weight was significantly correlated with theɑ-andβ-diversity of bacteria and protists as well as the soil multiple nutrient cycling index.Several microbial phyla were related to average fruit weight,while other fruit quality indicators could not be explained by the soil microbiome.Our results reveal that bacterial and protist communities in loquat orchards drive the cycling of multiple nutrients that are related to fruit weight.These insights shed light on the relationship among the soil microbiome,nutrient cycling,and fruit quality,offering valuable scientific guidance for orchard management practices.展开更多
Potted rice seedlings independently treated with N,P,and NP were continuously^(13)CO_(2) labeled to investigated the influence of N and P application on the contribution of photosynthesized C to the rhizosphere versus...Potted rice seedlings independently treated with N,P,and NP were continuously^(13)CO_(2) labeled to investigated the influence of N and P application on the contribution of photosynthesized C to the rhizosphere versus bulk soil and particulate organic matter(POM)versus mineral fraction(MIN).N and NP enhanced net assimilated^(13)C on day 14(D14),with maximum C assimilation occurring on day 22(D22)under NP.Aboveground biomass retained more^(13)C than belowground biomass for all treatments.^(13)C incorporation into the rhizosphere exceeded that in bulk soil,with the maximum(6-10%)found under N addition.Newly assimilated^(13)C incorporated into POM increased in the rhizosphere under N and NP conditions,whereas MIN remained largely unaffected.^(13)C-MBC proportion in the total microbial biomass C(MBC)pool revealed that N and NP stimulated microbial activity to a greater degree than P.The main portion of^(13)C in the rhizosphere and bulk soil was found in POM on D14,which decreased over time due to microbial utilization.Contrastingly,root-derived^(13)C in the MIN remained unchanged between sampling days,which indicates that the stabilization of rhizodeposits in this fractio n might be the potential mechanism underlying SOM sequestration in paddy soils.展开更多
The Datathon series is a global initiative designed to foster microbial data reuse through community-driven metadata harmonization.By convening researchers from specific geographic regions,each annual Datathon promote...The Datathon series is a global initiative designed to foster microbial data reuse through community-driven metadata harmonization.By convening researchers from specific geographic regions,each annual Datathon promotes standardized metadata practices,supports sequence data archiving,and enables collaborative reuse of microbial metabarcoding datasets.Following successful events in Latin America(2022-2023)and Africa(2024),upcoming Datathons are scheduled for China(June 1-5,2026)and the Polar regions(November 2026).Each three-day event combines inspiration,training,and collaboration,and is followed by a year of virtual courses,a data helpdesk,and the creation of consolidated datasets co-authored by data contributors.These efforts address critical gaps in metadata quality and accessibility,especially from underrepresented regions,enhancing the utility of publicly archived microbiome data.By empowering local researchers and promoting interoperability,the Datathons aim to build lasting,regionally grounded networks that contribute to a more inclusive,global understanding of microbial biodiversity.We invite participation and collaboration in these upcoming events.展开更多
基金supported by Ningbo Science and Technology Bureau,China(Nos.2021Z0472021Z04)+3 种基金the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Zhejiang Province,China(No.2022SNJF024)the Outstanding Team Program of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science 425,China(No.Hu-Nong-Ke-Zhuo 2022(008))the National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment,Fengxian,China(No.NAES035AE03)the K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University,China。
文摘Elucidating the microbial mechanisms that trigger Fusarium wilt represents a key step in addressing the barriers to sustainable cropping.However,from the perspective of the complete microbiome,the integrated role of soil nutrients and microbial community in the fields with different rates of wilt disease remains unclear.In this study,we examined the potential interrelationships among the nutrients,bacteria,fungi,and protists in rhizospheric soils collected from the fields with watermelon cropping for 7 years at the Zhuanghang Experimental Station of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China.The soils collected were characterized by a high(HW,81.25%)or low(LW,6.25%)wilting rate.The HW soil was found to contain a higher abundance of Fusarium oxysporum(1.30-fold higher)than the LW soil,along with higher contents of available phosphorus(1.31-fold higher)and available potassium(2.39-fold higher).In addition,the interkingdom correlation between protists and bacteria in the HW soil was 2.08-fold higher than that in the LW soil.Furthermore,structural equation modeling revealed that an excess of soil available potassium enhanced the predation by potentially detrimental phagotrophic protists on potentially beneficial bacteria.In summary,our findings indicated that a balanced nutrient input and the interactions between protists(Cercomonas and Colpoda)and beneficial bacteria(Bacillus)played important roles in controlling the incidence of watermelon Fusarium wilt.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFD2301400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42207343,42307387).
文摘The root microdomain represents a“hot spot”where microorganisms play a pivotal role in driving ecological processes and interact intimately with the host plants.In this study,we investigated 11 indica and 4 japonica rice varieties as test crops and analyzed the structural and functional characteristics of the microbial communities in the rhizosphere,rhizoplane and root endosphere ofindica and japonica rice using high-throughput sequencing technology.Our findings reveal that,during the assembly process within the root microdomain,community diversity gradually decreases,while the filtering effect of the rice root intensifies from the rhizosphere to the root endosphere.Gammaproteobacteria tended to be recruited by both indica and japonica rice,while Clostridia and Betaproteobacteria were specifically recruited by japonica rice to colonize the rhizoplane and root endosphere.In contrast,Bacteroidia were depleted in the root microdomain of both indica and japonica rice,whereas Deltaproteobacteria and Nitrospira were specifically depleted in the root microdomain of indica rice.Compared to japonica rice,the bacteria enriched in the root microdomain of indica rice were primarily affiliated with Bacillales,Pseudomonadales,and Nitrospirales.Moreover,the indica rice had a lower number of instances of co-occurrence(edge/node ratio),network density and degree,while displayed a higher number of modularity,among-module connectivities,average path length and closeness centrality compared with japonica rice.These findings provide detailed insights into the assembly process of the microbiome in the root microdomain of different rice cultivars,as well as host genotype-regulated changes in microbial communities.
文摘Soil microbial alpha diversity is essential for driving ecosystem functions and processes.However,little is known about the beta-diversity affect community functions.Here,we combine distinct community inocula using the dilution-to-extinction approach with two wheat genotypes to study the effect of microbial diversity loss on rhizosphere community assembly processes,which are related to beta-diversity(between-habitat diversity),and the consequences for ecosystem functions within greenhouse experiment.Compared with alpha-diversity,the bacterial and fungal community beta-diversity are stronger predictors of ecosystem functions(organic matter degradation,phosphorus supply capacity and nitrogen supply capacity),plant genotypes regulated the relationship between microbial diversity and ecosystem functions,with ecosystem functions being significant link to microbial diversity under different wheat genotypes.Loss of microbial diversity decreased the abundance of Bacterial_ASV6(Burkholderia)and increased Fungal_11(Altemaria)within the restored rhizosphere soil.Null modeling analysis showed that the deterministic assembly processes are dominant in bacterial community and fungal high-diversity(alpha-diversity)community,associating with the change of specialized functions(organic matter degradation,phosphorus supply capacity and nitrogen supply capacity)that are correlated with microbial diversity and specific microbial taxa.In addition,these two species were key role for regulating to the network cohesion.Overall,our study pointed out that the regulation of community assembly by microbial diversity loss limits the development of soil ecological functions and weakens the stability of rhizosphere microbial network,highlighting the potential regulatory effect of microbial taxa distribution on microbial community stability and changes of specific ecological functions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32472826)the Leading Project of the“Three Agri-Priorities with Nine Directions”Science and Technology Collaboration Plans in Zhejiang Province(2025SNJF016)the Wenzhou University research start-up fund(QD2024084),and the Wenzhou City Talent Introduction fund(R20241101)。
文摘Global agrifood systems face three interconnected challenges:ensuring food security,promoting environmental sustainability,and restoring soil health in the face of climate change.Conventional practices have prioritized productivity over ecological resilience,leading to soil degradation,increased greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,and inefficient resource utilization.Here,we introduce a“triple-goal”agrifood framework that enhances food production,soil health,and GHG mitigation simultaneously through integrated innovations.Using a second-order meta-analysis of 104 meta-analyses that cover 39,162 studies and 300,139 global field comparisons,we identified key interventions,including optimized fertigation,diversified cropping systems,organic amendments,and precision N management,that increased productivity by 14%–28%while reducing environmental impacts.Diversified systems boosted yields by 19.6%and reduced land use by 19%.Integrating legumes and cover crops lowered N2O emissions by 18%–65%,while organic amendments increased soil organic carbon stocks by 7%–13%.Structural equation modeling identified nitrogen use efficiency and microbial activity as central to the food-soil-emissions nexus.However,tradeoffs remain;yield-focused strategies can elevate emissions if not tailored to local conditions.By integrating agronomic,biological,and technological interventions such as conservation tillage,biofertilization,and digital agriculture,this triple-goal framework supports a 15%–30%reduction in anthropogenic CO2-equivalent emissions.These findings underscore the need for policy reform and multi-stakeholder collaboration to scale up the adaptation of integrated strategies in alignment with the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals and the“One Health”initiative.The triple-goal framework provides a transformative pathway to climate-smart,equitable,and resilient agrifood systems that strike a balance between productivity and planetary health.
基金financially supported by National Key Research and Development Program(2023YFD1900902)the Joint Funds of the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LLSSZ24C030001)+1 种基金China Agriculture Research System-Food Legumes(CARS-08-G-09)sponsored by the K.C.Wong Magna Fund of Ningbo University。
文摘Crop rotation is a beneficial and sustainable agricultural practice that facilitates increased opportunities for smallholders.This study investigated the impact of eight commonly used crop rotations in China on soil properties and microbial communities.The faba bean(Vicia faba)rotation increased soil water content,total carbon,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and organic carbon content by 29.1%,40.9%,55.9%,18.9%,and 61.6%,respectively,compared to other rotations.The faba bean rotation also exhibited increased soil microbial biomass and soil respiration rates.The effect sizes of the faba bean rotation on soil properties were larger than those of other rotations.The richness and diversity of the microbial community were significantly higher in the faba bean rotation than in other rotations.Desulfobacterota and Planctomycetota had a positive correlation with soil multifunctionality.The faba bean rotation was potentially beneficial to soil fertility and water-use efficiency,creating a favorable niche for microbial growth.With increased microbial activity and potential for nutrient mineralization,legume-microbe interactions had been improved through crop rotation.This resulted in enhancing nutrient cycling efficiency in the faba bean rotation,potentially improving soil properties.
基金supported by the Ningbo Science and Technology Bureau(Grant No.2022S103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42107341,42307420)+1 种基金the UK Natural Environment Research Council and the Global Challenges Research Fund(Grant No.NE/V005871/1)the K.C.Wong Magna Fund at Ningbo University.
文摘Microplastics and heavy metal contamination poses major threats to soil function and food security;however,their synergistic effects remain largely unclear.This study investigated the effects of single or combined addition of polyethylene(PE)microplastic(1%w/w)and cadmium(Cd;1.5 and 5 mg kg^(-1))on functional microbial communities in the wheat rhizosphere soil.We observed that the biomass of wheat increased by 142.44%under high doses of Cd addition.The bacterial alpha diversity in wheat bulk soil reduced by 37.34%–37.83%with the combined addition of microplastic and Cd.The addition of microplastic reduced the relative abundance of Proteus involved in nitrogen fixation by 19.93%,while the relative abundance of Proteus and Actinobacteria involved in nitrogen cycling increased with the increase of Cd concentration,increasing by 27.96%–37.37%and 51.14%–55.04%,respectively.FAPROTAX analysis revealed that increasing Cd concentration promoted the abundance of functional bacterial communities involved in nitrification/denitrification and nitrate/nitrite respiration in rhizosphere soil.A FunGuild analysis showed that the synergy of PE-microplastics and Cd increased the abundance of saprophytic fungi,suggesting an enhanced degradation function.Our findings provide new knowledge on the effects of microplastics and heavy metals on soil microorganisms and functional microbial communities in agricultural soil.
基金We are most grateful for the state assignment AAAA-A18-118013190177-9the Russian Foundation for Basic Research(18-04-00773 and 19-29-05260).
文摘Assessment of soil health requires complexevaluation of properties and functions responsible for abroad range of ecosystem services. Numerous soil qualityindices (SQI) have been suggested for the evaluation ofspecific groups of soil functions, but comparison of variousSQI is impossible because they are based on a combinationof specific soil properties. To avoid this problem, wesuggest an SQI-area approach based on the comparison ofthe areas on a radar diagram of a combination of chemical,biological and physical properties. The new approach isindependent of the SQI principle and allows rapid andsimple comparison of parameter groups and soils. Anotherapproach analyzing the resistance and sensitivity ofproperties to degradation is suggested for a detailedevaluation of soil health. The resistance and sensitivityof soil properties are determined through comparison withthe decrease of soil organic carbon (SOC) as a universalparameter responsible for many functions. The SQI-areaand resistance/sensitivity approaches were tested based on quences after the ab and on ment of agricultural soils. Both the SQI-area and the resistance/sensitivity approaches areuseful for basic and applied research, and for decisionmakersto evaluate land-use practices and measure thedegree of soil degradation.
基金We are grateful for financial support from the National Key Research and Development Plan(2019YFC1805100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42107341,21767012)+2 种基金the UK Natural Environment Research Council and the Global Challenges Research Fund(NE/V005871/1)sponsorship by K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo Universitythe Science and Technology Plan of Ganzhou City(GSKF201850).
文摘Microplastics provide a new ecological niche for microorganisms,and the accumulation levels of microplastics(MPs)in terrestrial ecosystems are higher than those in marine ecosystems.Here,we applied the zymography to investigate how MPs–polyethylene[PE],and polyvinyl chloride[PVC])at two levels(0.01%and 1%soil weight)impacted the spatial distribution of soil hydrolases,nutrient availability,and rice growth in paddy soil.MPs increased the above-ground biomass by 13.0%–15.5%and decreased the below-ground biomass by 8.0%–15.1%.Addition of 0.01%and 1%MPs reduced soil NH4+content by 18.3%–63.2%and 52.2%–80.2%,respectively.The average activities of N-and P-hydrolases increased by 0.8%–4.8%and 1.9%–6.3%with addition of MPs,respectively.The nutrient uptake by rice plants and the enzyme activities in hotspots increased with MP content in soil.The accumulation of MPs in paddy soil could provide an ecological niche that facilitates microbial survival,alters the spatial distribution of soil hydrolases,and decreases nutrient availability.
基金This study was supported by the Ningbo Science and Technology Bureau(2021Z101,2022S103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42107341)+2 种基金Scientific Research Projects of the General Administration of Customs(2020HK207)UK Natural Environment Research Council,and Global Challenges Research Fund(NE/V005871/1)the K.C.Wong Magna Fund of Ningbo University.
文摘Microplastic distribution is non-homogeneous in agricultural soil following plastic film degradation.However,the distribution of microplastics by shape and particle size in different soil aggregates remains unknown.To elucidate the distribution of microplastic shapes and particle sizes in soil aggregates with increasing years of film mulching,four paired fields with film mulching(FM)and no mulching(NM)were examined at 1,5,10,and 20 years after continuous mulching.An increase in soil aggregates of 0.053–0.25 mm diameter was observed;however,soil organic carbon content decreased after long-term FM.Microplastics primarily combined with 0.053–2 mm soil aggregates.Specifically,long-term FM was associated with dominance of film-and fiber-shaped microplastics in soil aggregates of 0.25–2 mm and 0.053–0.25 mm diameter,respectively.Fiber-and granule-shaped microplastics of 0.25–1 mm diameter primarily combined with 0.053–0.25 and 0.25–2 mm soil aggregates,respectively.Film-shaped microplastics of diameter>1 mm and diameter 0.05–0.25 mm primarily combined with 0.25–2 mm soil aggregates.Therefore,distribution of microplastics in soil aggregates can be used to monitor soil health and quality,greatly enhancing our understanding of the risk posed by microplastics to the environment.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(42177334,42207343,42267050)the Ningbo Science and Technology Bureau(2022Z168)+1 种基金the“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(2023C02016,2022C02008)the Seagull Talent of Yongjiang Talent for Yakov Kuzyakov and the K.C.Wong Magna Fund at Ningbo University,Strategic Academic Leadership Program"Priority 2030"of the Kazan Federal University,and the RUDN University Strategic Academic Leadership Program.
文摘Combined straw and straw-derived biochar input is commonly applied by farmland management in low-fertility soils.Although straw return increases soil organic matter(SOM)contents,it also primes SOM mineralization.The mechanisms by which active microorganisms mineralize SOM and the underlying factors remain unclear for such soils.To address these issues,paddy soil was amended with^(13)C-labeled straw,with and without biochar(BC)or ferrihydrite(Fh),and incubated for 70 days under flooded conditions.Compound-specific^(13)C analysis of phospholipid fatty acids(^(13)C-PLFAs)allowed us to identify active microbial communities utilizing the^(13)C-labeled straw and specific groups involved in SOM mineralization.Cumulative SOM mineralization increased by 61%and 27%in soils amended with Straw+BC and Straw+Fh+BC,respectively,compared to that with straw only.The total PLFA content was independent of the straw and biochar input.However,^(13)C-PLFAs contents increased by 35-82%after biochar addition,reflecting accelerated microbial turnover.Compared to that in soils without biochar addition,those with biochar had an altered microbial community composition-increased amounts of^(13)C-labeled gram-positive bacteria(^(13)C-Gram+)and fungi,which were the main active microorganisms mineralizing SOM.Microbial reproduction and growth were susceptible to nutrient availability.^(13)C-Gram+and^(13)C-fungi increased with Olsen P but decreased with dissolved organic carbon and NO−3 contents.In conclusion,biochar acts as an electron shuttle,stimulates iron reduction,and releases organic carbon from soil minerals,which in turn increases SOM mineralization.Gram+and fungi were involved in straw decomposition in response to biochar application and responsible for SOM mineralization.
基金This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[41877104,41950410565,41811540031]Hunan Province Base for Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation[2018WK4012]+6 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province[2019JJ10003,2019JJ30028]the Youth Innovation Team Project of the Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences[2017QNCXTD_GTD]Talented Young Scientist Program(TYSP)supported by China Science and Technology Exchange Center(CSTEC)the Chinese Academy of Sciences President’s International Fellowship Initiative awarded to Anna Gunina[2019VCC0003]Tin Mar Lynn[2018PC0078]China National Key R&D Program[2019YFC0605004]Jiangxi Province Scienc and Technology Planned Project[20202BBG73007,20203BBG73068].
文摘Potted rice seedlings independently treated with N,P,and NP were continuously^(13)CO_(2) labeled to investigated the influence of N and P application on the contribution of photosynthesized C to the rhizosphere versus bulk soil and particulate organic matter(POM)versus mineral fraction(MIN).N and NP enhanced net assimilated^(13)C on day 14(D14),with maximum C assimilation occurring on day 22(D22)under NP.Aboveground biomass retained more^(13)C than belowground biomass for all treatments.^(13)C incorporation into the rhizosphere exceeded that in bulk soil,with the maximum(6-10%)found under N addition.Newly assimilated^(13)incorporated into POM increased in the rhizosphere under N and NP conditions,whereas MIN remained largely unaffected.^(13)C-MBC proportion in the total microbial biomass C(MBC)pool revealed that N and NP stimulated microbial activity to a greater degree than P.The main portion of^(13)C in the rhizosphere and bulk soil was found in POM on D14,which decreased over time due to microbial utilization.Contrastingly,root-derived ^(13)C in the MIN remained unchanged between sampling days,which indicates that the stabilization of rhizodeposits in this fraction might be the potential mechanism underlying SOM sequestration in paddy soils.
基金This study was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0301504)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41671292,41771334,41877104,42007097)+4 种基金the Japan-China Scientific Cooperation Program between NSFC and JSPS(41811540031)the Hunan Province Base for Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation(2018WK4012)the Innovation Group of Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2019JJ10003)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province for Excellent Young Scholars(2019JJ30028)the Youth Innovation Team Project of ISA,CAS(2017QNCXTD_GTD).
文摘Rhizodeposits in rice paddy soil are important in global C sequestration and cycling.This study explored the effects of elevated CO_(2) and N fertilization during the rice growing season on the subsequent mineralization and retention of rhizodeposit-C in soil aggregates after harvest.Rice(Oryza sativa L.)was labeled with ^(13)CO_(2) under ambient(400 ppm)and elevated(800 ppm)CO_(2) concentrations with and without N fertilization.After harvest,soil with labeled rhizodeposits was collected,separated into three aggregate size fractions,and flood-incubated for 100 d.The initial rhizodeposit-^(13)C content of N-fertilized microaggregates was less than 65%of that of non-fertilized microaggregates.During the incubation of microaggregates separated from N-fertilized soils,3%–9%and 9%–16%more proportion of rhizodeposit-^(13)C was mineralized to ^(13)CO_(2),and incorporated into the microbial biomass,respectively,while less was allocated to soil organic carbon than in the non-fertilized soils.Elevated CO_(2) increased the rhizodeposit-^(13)C content of all aggregate fractions by 10%–80%,while it reduced cumulative ^(13)CO_(2) emission and the bioavailable C pool size of rhizodeposit-C,especially in N-fertilized soil,except for the silt-clay fraction.It also resulted in up to 23%less rhizodeposit-C incorporated into the microbial biomass of the three soil aggregates,and up to 23%more incorporated into soil organic carbon.These results were relatively weak in the silt-clay fraction.Elevated CO_(2) and N fertilizer applied in rice growing season had a legacy effect on subsequent mineralization and retention of rhizodeposits in paddy soils after harvest,the extent of which varied among the soil aggregates.
基金financially supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFE0101100)the Australia-China Joint Research Centre-Healthy Soils for Sustainable Food Production and Environmental Quality(ACSRF48165)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41522107,41430860)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB15020401)Royal Society Newton Advanced Fellowship(NA150182)Talented Young Scientist Program(TYSP)to Mostafa Zhran supported by China Science and Technology Exchange Center(Egypt-19-004)the State Scholarship Fund of China Scholarship Council(CSC)to Baozhen Li.
文摘Soil organic matter turnover rates are typically estimated from mass loss of the material over time or from on rates of carbon dioxide production.In the study,we investigated a new way to characterize the concentration-dependent kinetics of amino acids used by measuring microbial uptake and mineralization of ^(14)C-alanine.We measured the depletion from soil solution after additions ^(14)C-alanine.The microbial uptake of ^(14)C-alanine from soil solution was concentration-dependent and kinetic analysis indicated the operation of at least three distinct alanine transport systems of differing affinities.Most of the ^(14)C-alanine depletion from the soil solution occurred rapidly within the first 10-30 min of the incubation after 10μM to 1 mM substrate additions.At alanine concentrations less than 250μM,the kinetic parameters for K_(m) and V_(max) of the higher-affinity transporter were 60.0μM and 1.32μmol g^(-1) DW soil h^(-1),respectively.The mineralization of alanine was determined and the half-time values for the rapid mineralization process were 45 min to 1.5 h after the addition at alanine concentrations below 1 mM.The time delay after its uptake into microbial biomass suggested that alanine uptake and subsequent respiration were uncoupled pattern.The microbial N uptake rate was calculated by microbial mineralization,and an estimated K_(m) value of 1731.7±274.6μM and V_(max )value of 486.0±38.5μmol kg^(-1)DW soil h^(-1).This study provides an alternative approach for measuring the rate of turnover of compounds that turnover very rapidly in soil.
基金supported by the Ningbo Science and Technology Bureau(Grant No.2021S013)Agricultural Science and Technology Project of the Xiangshan Science and Technology Bureau(Grant No.2022C1018).
文摘Loquat orchard location was the main driver of microbial communities and loquat fruit quality.The average fruit weight was correlated with theɑ-andβ-diversity of bacteria and protists.Soil bacterial and protistan communities drove the multiple nutrient cycling.The role of the soil microbiome in fruit quality within loquat orchards remains largely unknown.In this study,we collected soil samples from various loquat orchards in Ningbo,Zhejiang Province,China and investigated bacterial,fungal,and protist communities.The results showed that soil physicochemical conditions,the microbial community,and loquat fruit quality were significantly related to orchard location but unrelated to cultivation time and fertilization.The heterogeneity of the bacterial community was driven by soil pH,available phosphorus,and available potassium(AK).The fungal community was driven by soil electrical conductivity and AK.The protist community was driven by soil dissolved organic nitrogen and AK.The average fruit weight was significantly correlated with theɑ-andβ-diversity of bacteria and protists as well as the soil multiple nutrient cycling index.Several microbial phyla were related to average fruit weight,while other fruit quality indicators could not be explained by the soil microbiome.Our results reveal that bacterial and protist communities in loquat orchards drive the cycling of multiple nutrients that are related to fruit weight.These insights shed light on the relationship among the soil microbiome,nutrient cycling,and fruit quality,offering valuable scientific guidance for orchard management practices.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[41877104,41950410565,41811540031]Hunan Province Base for Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation[2018WK4012]+6 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province[2019JJ10003,2019JJ30028]the Youth Innovation Team Project of the Institute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of Sciences[2017QNCXTD_GTD]Talented Young Scientist Program(TYSP)supported by China Science and Technology Exchange Center(CSTEC)the Chinese Academy of Sciences President's International Fellowship Initiative awarded to Anna Gunina[2019VCC0003]and Tin Mar Lynn[2018PC0078]China National Key R&D Program2019YFC0605004Jiangxi Province Scienc and Technology Planned Project[20202BBG73007,20203BBG73068]
文摘Potted rice seedlings independently treated with N,P,and NP were continuously^(13)CO_(2) labeled to investigated the influence of N and P application on the contribution of photosynthesized C to the rhizosphere versus bulk soil and particulate organic matter(POM)versus mineral fraction(MIN).N and NP enhanced net assimilated^(13)C on day 14(D14),with maximum C assimilation occurring on day 22(D22)under NP.Aboveground biomass retained more^(13)C than belowground biomass for all treatments.^(13)C incorporation into the rhizosphere exceeded that in bulk soil,with the maximum(6-10%)found under N addition.Newly assimilated^(13)C incorporated into POM increased in the rhizosphere under N and NP conditions,whereas MIN remained largely unaffected.^(13)C-MBC proportion in the total microbial biomass C(MBC)pool revealed that N and NP stimulated microbial activity to a greater degree than P.The main portion of^(13)C in the rhizosphere and bulk soil was found in POM on D14,which decreased over time due to microbial utilization.Contrastingly,root-derived^(13)C in the MIN remained unchanged between sampling days,which indicates that the stabilization of rhizodeposits in this fractio n might be the potential mechanism underlying SOM sequestration in paddy soils.
文摘The Datathon series is a global initiative designed to foster microbial data reuse through community-driven metadata harmonization.By convening researchers from specific geographic regions,each annual Datathon promotes standardized metadata practices,supports sequence data archiving,and enables collaborative reuse of microbial metabarcoding datasets.Following successful events in Latin America(2022-2023)and Africa(2024),upcoming Datathons are scheduled for China(June 1-5,2026)and the Polar regions(November 2026).Each three-day event combines inspiration,training,and collaboration,and is followed by a year of virtual courses,a data helpdesk,and the creation of consolidated datasets co-authored by data contributors.These efforts address critical gaps in metadata quality and accessibility,especially from underrepresented regions,enhancing the utility of publicly archived microbiome data.By empowering local researchers and promoting interoperability,the Datathons aim to build lasting,regionally grounded networks that contribute to a more inclusive,global understanding of microbial biodiversity.We invite participation and collaboration in these upcoming events.
