Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)have great potential as adsorbents due to their customizable functionality,low density and high porosity.However,COFs powder exists with poor processing and recycling performance.Moreo...Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)have great potential as adsorbents due to their customizable functionality,low density and high porosity.However,COFs powder exists with poor processing and recycling performance.Moreover,due to the accumulation of COFs nanoparticles,it is not conducive to the full utilization of their surface functional groups.Currently,the strategy of COFs assembling into aerogel can be a good solution to this problem.Herein,we successfully synthesize composite aerogels(CSR)by in-situ self-assembly of two-dimensional COFs and graphene based on crosslinking of sodium alginate.Sodium alginate in the composite improves the mechanical properties of the aerogel,and graphene provides a template for the in-situ growth of COFs.Impressively,CSR aerogels with different COFs and sizes can be prepared by changing the moiety of the ligand and modulating the addition amount of COFs.The prepared CSR aerogels exhibit porous,low density,good processability and good mechanical properties.Among them,the density of CSR-N-1.6 is only 5 mg/cm3,which is the lowest density among the reported COF aerogels so far.Due to these remarkable properties,CSR aerogels perform excellent adsorption and recycling properties for the efficient and rapid removal of organic pollutants(organic dyes and antibiotics)from polluted water.In addition,it is also possible to visually recognize the presence of antibiotics by fluorescence detection.This work not only provides a new strategy for synthesizing COF aerogels,but also accelerates the practical application of COF aerogels and contributes to environmental remediation.展开更多
The H4 subtype of avian influenza virus(AIV)is prevalent worldwide,but only receives little attention due to its low pathogenicity in poultry.Consequently,it remains largely unclear whether H4 AIVs pose a potential th...The H4 subtype of avian influenza virus(AIV)is prevalent worldwide,but only receives little attention due to its low pathogenicity in poultry.Consequently,it remains largely unclear whether H4 AIVs pose a potential threat to the poultry industry and public health.During the period from 2011 to 2022,we conducted an active surveillance programm.A total of 154,762 swab samples were collected across various provinces,and 427 H4 viruses were detected,resulting in a positivity rate of 0.28%.All H4 viruses were isolated from poultry,primarily from ducks in live poultry markets.We further investigated the genetic evolutionary characteristics and pathogenicity of 20 H4Nx viruses isolated in our program.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the 20 H4Nx viruses belonged to the Eurasian lineage and exhibited significant genetic diversity,with 19 distinct genotypes identified.Molecular characterization indicated that these viruses were low-pathogenicity AIVs with limited binding affinity to human receptors,yet they contained mutations associated with enhanced viral replication and pathogenicity in mammals.Pathogenicity tests conducted in ducks demonstrated that H4 viruses were weakly pathogenic,exhibiting limited replication and transmission capabilities.However,some viruses were able to replicate effectively in mice and induce weight loss.For instance,DK/AH/AG61/11(H4N6)can replicate efficiently in MDCK cells,indicating a potential threat to mammals.These findings underscore the importance of ongoing surveillance of H4 AIVs to better understand their evolution and transmission dynamics and to prevent potential public health risks.展开更多
Introducing the inherent genetic diversity of wild species into cultivars has become one of the hot topics in crop genetic breeding and genetic resource research.Fiber-and seed-related traits,which are critical to the...Introducing the inherent genetic diversity of wild species into cultivars has become one of the hot topics in crop genetic breeding and genetic resource research.Fiber-and seed-related traits,which are critical to the global economy and people's livelihoods,are the principal focus of cotton breeding.Here,the wild cotton species Gossypium tomentosum was used to broaden the genetic basis of G.hirsutum and identify QTLs for fiber-and seed-related traits.A population of 559 chromosome segment substitution lines(CSSLs)was established with various chromosome segments from G.tomentosum in a G.hirsutum cultivar background.Totals of 72,89,and 76 QTLs were identified for three yield traits,five fiber quality traits,and six cottonseed nutrient quality traits,respectively.Favorable alleles of 104 QTLs were contributed by G.tomentosum.Sixty-four QTLs were identified in two or more environments,and candidate genes for three of them were further identified.The results of this study contribute to further studies on the genetic basis of the morphogenesis of these economic traits,and indicate the great breeding potential of G.tomentosum for improving the fiber-and seed-related traits in G.hirsutum.展开更多
The mud shale of Qingshankou Formation in Songliao Basin is the main rock source and contains rich shale oil resources. The successful development of shale oil depends on evaluating and optimizing the “sweet spots”....The mud shale of Qingshankou Formation in Songliao Basin is the main rock source and contains rich shale oil resources. The successful development of shale oil depends on evaluating and optimizing the “sweet spots”. To accurately identify and optimize the favorable sweet spots of shale oil in Qingshankou Formation, Songliao Basin, the original logging data were preprocessed in this paper. Then the thin mud shale interlayer of Qingshankou Formation was identified effectively by using the processed logging data. Based on the artificial neural network method, the mineral content of mud shale in Qingshankou Formation was predicted. The lithofacies were identified according to the mineral and TOC content. Finally, a three-dimensional (3-D) model of total organic carbon (TOC), vitrinite reflectance (Ro), mineral content, and rock of Qingshankou Formation in Songliao Basin was established to evaluate and predict the favorable sweet spots of shale oil in the study area. The results show that there are a lot of calcareous and siliceous thin interlayers in Qingshankou Formation, and TOC content is generally between 2% and 3%. Ro is the highest in Gulong sag, followed by Sanzhao sag. The lithofacies mainly consists of felsic shale and mixed shale, mainly in the first member of Qingshankou Formation. Comprehensive analysis shows that shale oil development potential is enormous in the eastern part of Sanzhao Sag and the northern part of Gulong Sag.展开更多
Li metal has been regarded as the holy grail for the next-generation Li-ion battery.Li dendrites issues,however,impede its practical application.In general,prolonging the sand time of Li nucleation and regulating homo...Li metal has been regarded as the holy grail for the next-generation Li-ion battery.Li dendrites issues,however,impede its practical application.In general,prolonging the sand time of Li nucleation and regulating homogeneous Li^(+) flux are effective approaches to suppress the dendrites formation and growth.Regarding this view,a functional polypropylene (PP) separator is developed to regulate ion transportation via a newly designed Li-based metal-organic framework (Li-MOF) coating.The Li-MOF crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 and features a double-walled three-dimensional (3D) structure with 1D channels.The well-defined intrinsic nanochannels of Li-MOF and the steric-hinerance effect both restrict free migration of anions,contributing to a high Li^(+) transference number of 0.65,which improve the Sand time of Li nucleation.Meanwhile,the Li-MOF coating with uniform porous structure promotes homogeneous Li^(+) flux at the surface of Li metal.Furthermore,the Li-MOF coating layer helps to build solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer that comprises of inorganic Li F and Li_(3)N,which further prohibits the dendrites growth.Consequently,a highly stable Li plating/stripping cycling for over 1000 h is achieved.The functional separator also enables high-performance full lithium metal cells,the high-rate and long-stable cycling performance of Li Ni_(0.8)Mn_(0.1)Co_(0.1)(NMC811)-Li and Li Co O_(2)(LCO)-Li cells further demonstrate the feasibility of this concept.展开更多
Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segment...Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However.展开更多
Converting CO_(2) into valuable chemicals has become a widely used research method for CO_(2) conversion.In this work,the catalytic performance of pyramidal-4Ni catalysts supported on rare earth metal-doped CeO_(2)tow...Converting CO_(2) into valuable chemicals has become a widely used research method for CO_(2) conversion.In this work,the catalytic performance of pyramidal-4Ni catalysts supported on rare earth metal-doped CeO_(2)toward CO_(2) reductionreaction(CO_(2)RR)was investigated by using density-functional theorycalculations.For rare earth metal-doped CeO_(2),2Ce is substituted by 2 trivalent cations and at the same time one oxygen vacancy is created to make charge compensation.We investigated the oxygen vacancy nearest(Vo,N)and next-nearest(Vo,NN)to 4Ni,and found releasing CO and CO_(2) dissociation are the rate-determining steps,respectively,via the path of Vo,N and Vo,NN.Among the studied dopants(Ga,Sb,Lu,Gd,Pr,La,Bi),Gd is identified as the best dopant for catalyzing the reduction of CO_(2) at 823 K,with the turn-over frequency(TOF)of 104 times as large as that over 4Ni supported on pure CeO_(2).This exploration provides theoretical support and guidance for the research and application of rare earth metaldoped CeO_(2)-loaded Ni catalysts in the field of CO_(2) reduction.展开更多
Malnutrition substantially contributes to adverse clinical outcomes.However,no national survey has been conducted to characterize itsepidemiology in hospital settings in China.We conducted the China Nutrition Fundamen...Malnutrition substantially contributes to adverse clinical outcomes.However,no national survey has been conducted to characterize itsepidemiology in hospital settings in China.We conducted the China Nutrition Fundamental Data 2020 project among a multistage stratifiedcluster sample of adult inpatients from 291 study sites across 30 provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities(except for Hong Kong,Macao,Taiwan Province,and the Xizang Autonomous Region,please see MATERIALS AND METHODS for details of the causes)of China togenerate reliable data on the prevalence of malnutrition and explore the associated risk factors.We collected information on participants’sociodemographic characteristics,physical examinations,and laboratory test results.Malnutrition was defined according to the GlobalLeadership Initiative on Malnutrition(GLIM)criteria.The standardized prevalence of malnutrition was calculated,and factors associatedwith malnutrition were examined using logistic regression analyses.We included 54,652 individuals with seven systemic diseases whocompleted all the survey documents in the final analysis.The overall prevalence of malnutrition was 12.5%,representing 7.6 million adult inpatients in China.The prevalence of malnutrition was higher in men,individuals aged≥60 years,residents of central and westernregions,people from lower economic areas,and those with lower education levels than in women,individuals aged<60 years,residents ofeastern regions,individuals from higher economic areas,and those with higher education levels.Patients with higher disease severityscores,infectious diseases,and neoplasms had a higher tendency for malnutrition than those without such conditions.Sex,age,region,economic level,education level,disease severity score,infectious diseases,and neoplasms were independently associated with malnutrition.In conclusion,malnutrition is prevalent among Chinese adult inpatients,necessitating national-and hospital-level interventions.Thissurvey provides several avenues to begin addressing the burden of malnutrition in China.展开更多
Antibiotic resistance is a major challenge in the clinical treatment of bacterial infectious diseases.Herein,we constructed a multifunctional DNA nanoplatform as a versatile carrier for bacteria-specific delivery of c...Antibiotic resistance is a major challenge in the clinical treatment of bacterial infectious diseases.Herein,we constructed a multifunctional DNA nanoplatform as a versatile carrier for bacteria-specific delivery of clinical antibiotic ciprofloxacin(CIP)and classic nanoantibiotic silver nanoparticles(AgNP).In our rational design,CIP was efficiently loaded in the self-assembly doublebundle DNA tetrahedron through intercalation with DNA duplex,and single-strand DNA-modified AgNP was embedded in the cavity of the DNA tetrahedron through hybridization.With the site-specific assembly of targeting aptamer in the well-defined DNA tetrahedron,the bacteria-specific dual-antibiotic delivery system exhibited excellent combined bactericidal properties.With enhanced antibiotic accumulation through breaking the out membrane of bacteria,the antibiotic delivery system effectively inhibited biofilm formation and promoted the healing of infected wounds in vivo.This DNA-based antibiotic delivery system provides a promising strategy for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant infections.展开更多
Background:Immunosuppression is an important characteristic of sepsis and is closely related to poor outcomes.Regulatory T cells(Tregs)contribute to immune suppression by inhibiting effector T cell(Teff)proliferation ...Background:Immunosuppression is an important characteristic of sepsis and is closely related to poor outcomes.Regulatory T cells(Tregs)contribute to immune suppression by inhibiting effector T cell(Teff)proliferation and differentiation.We aimed to investigate the role of p53 in Treg expansion after sepsis.Methods:We constructed a sepsis model in wild-type(WT)and p53f/f/CD4-Cre+mice by cecal ligation and puncture(CLP)and evaluated the proportions of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregs by flow cytometry.The expression levels of forkhead/winged helix transcription factor p3(Foxp3),DNA methyltransferase enzyme(DMNT)3a and ten-eleven translocation(TET)2 were examined using quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis.Treg-specific demethylation region(TSDR)methylation sites in cells were analyzed by bisulfite-sequencing PCR.Furthermore,the direct binding of p53 to the Dnmt3a and TET2 promoters was illustrated using a luciferase assay.The suppressive ability of Tregs was indicated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis of cytokine levels and the proliferation of cocultured Teffs.Finally,mortality rates after CLP were compared among WT and p53f/f/CD4-Cre+mice.Results:The proportion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregs was significantly reduced in p53f/f/CD4-Cre+mice compared to WT mice after CLP.The enhanced expression of Foxp3 in WT mice was downregulated in the p53f/f/CD4-Cre+group.We found decreased DMNT3a and increased TET2 levels after CLP.However,the dysregulation of DNMT3a and TET2 was significantly reversed in p53f/f/CD4-Cre+mice.TSDR underwent increased demethylation in p53f/f/CD4-Cre+mice.Luciferase activity indicated direct binding of p53 to the promoter regions of DNMT3a and TET2 to regulate their transcription.Consequently,Tregs from p53f/f/CD4-Cre+CLP mice exhibited limited suppressive ability,as indicated by the reduced production of transforming growth factor-βand interleukin 10(IL-10).In the coculture system,Teffs showed preserved production of IL-2,differentiation into Th1 cells and proliferation in the presence of Tregs isolated from p53f/f/CD4-Cre+CLP mice.Finally,the mortality rate of the p53f/f/CD4-Cre+group after CLP was significantly reduced in comparison to that of the WT group.Conclusion:p53 appears to be critical for Foxp3 expression and consequent Treg expansion by regulating the induction of DNMT3a and TET2,thereby resulting in Foxp3-TSDR demethylation in the context of sepsis.展开更多
Formic acid is considered one of the most economically viable products for electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).However,developing highly active and selective electrocatalysts for effective CO_(2)conver...Formic acid is considered one of the most economically viable products for electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).However,developing highly active and selective electrocatalysts for effective CO_(2)conversion remains a grand challenge.Herein,we report that structural modulation of the bismuth oxide nanosheet via Zn^(2+)cooperation has a profound positive effect on exposure of the active plane,thereby contributing to high electrocatalytic CO_(2)RR performance.The obtained Zn-Bi_(2)O_(3)catalyst demonstrates superior selectivity towards formate generation in a wide potential range;a high Faradaic efficiency of 95%and a desirable partial current density of around 20 mA·cm^(-2)are obtained at−0.9 V(vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE)).As proposed by density functional theory calculations,Zn substitution is the most energetically feasible for forming and stabilizing the key OCHO*intermediate among the used metal ions.Moreover,the more negative adsorption energy of OCHO*and the relatively low energy barrier for the desorption of HCOOH*are responsible for the enhanced activity and selectivity.展开更多
Antibiotic resistance is a major challenge in the clinical treatment of bacterial infectious diseases.Herein,we constructed a multifunctional DNA nanoplatform as a versatile carrier for bacteria-specific delivery of c...Antibiotic resistance is a major challenge in the clinical treatment of bacterial infectious diseases.Herein,we constructed a multifunctional DNA nanoplatform as a versatile carrier for bacteria-specific delivery of clinical antibiotic ciprofloxacin(CIP)and classic nanoantibiotic silver nanoparticles(AgNP).In our rational design,CIP was efficiently loaded in the self-assembly double-bundle DNA tetrahedron through intercalation with DNA duplex,and single-strand DNA-modified AgNP was embedded in the cavity of the DNA tetrahedron through hybridization.With the site-specific assembly of targeting aptamer in the well-defined DNA tetrahedron,the bacteria-specific dual-antibiotic delivery system exhibited excellent combined bactericidal properties.With enhanced antibiotic accumulation through breaking the out membrane of bacteria,the antibiotic delivery system effectively inhibited biofilm formation and promoted the healing of infected wounds in vivo.This DNAbased antibiotic delivery system provides a promising strategy for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant infections.展开更多
The introduction of defects can adjust the activity of graphene-based single-atom catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions(ORR).Herein,we for the first time investigate the ORR catalytic activity of FeN_(4)sites embed...The introduction of defects can adjust the activity of graphene-based single-atom catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions(ORR).Herein,we for the first time investigate the ORR catalytic activity of FeN_(4)sites embedded on graphene with four types of line-defective boundary via density functional theory calculations.Our results show that periodic line defects consisting of pentagon-pentagon-octagon(C_(585))or quad-octagon chains(C_(484))can significantly enhance ORR activity,owing to the optimized electronic structures of FeN_(4)sites.The spin magnetic moment and the valence state of the Fe atom are both well correlated with the ORR overpotential.Experimental investigations further corroborate that FeN_(4)with a high degree of defects exhibits better ORR activity and stability compared to FeN_(4)sites of pristine graphene and commercial Pt/C.This work unravels the influence of the periodic defect boundary on the ORR performance of Fe-N-C catalysts and paves the way towards the rational design of highly effective single-atom electrocatalysts.展开更多
Interfacial solar evaporation technology is considered one of the most promising strategies for alleviating the scarcity of freshwater resources.However,solar-driven evaporation technology cannot eliminate the polluta...Interfacial solar evaporation technology is considered one of the most promising strategies for alleviating the scarcity of freshwater resources.However,solar-driven evaporation technology cannot eliminate the pollutants in the residual wastewater.To solve this problem,we have prepared a two-in-one solar-driven evaporation/photocatalysis system by decorating MoS_(2)/covalent organic framework(COF)heterojunctions on wood(MoS_(2)/COF-wood).Thanks to the unique porous structure of wood,it provides a strong guarantee for water transport and vapor release during the evaporation process.The introduction of MoS_(2) and COFs can promote the breaking of hydrogen bonds between water molecules,which leads to a significant decrease in the enthalpy of evaporation,achieving a water evaporation rate as high as 2.17 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)under 1 sun irradiation.Meanwhile,the resulting MoS_(2)/COF-wood exhibits good salt resistance and reusability.In addition,the heterojunctions formed between COFs and MoS_(2) can effectively inhibit charge carrier complexation and improve the photocatalytic degradation ability of pollutants(over 99%).This study highlights the construction strategy of bifunctional wood-based materials for freshwater production and wastewater remediation.展开更多
Developing efficient and stable catalysts for the electrocatalytic N_(2)reduction reaction(NRR)shows promise in nitrogen fixation.Here,we proposed active and stable single-atom catalysts(SACs)toward NRR,where transiti...Developing efficient and stable catalysts for the electrocatalytic N_(2)reduction reaction(NRR)shows promise in nitrogen fixation.Here,we proposed active and stable single-atom catalysts(SACs)toward NRR,where transition metals are anchored on nitrogenated carbon nanotubes(NCNTs).Among the screened nine common transition metals(Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Mo,Ru,Rh,and Ag)on(4,4)NCNTs,we found Mo-NCNT possesses the most excellent NRR catalytic activity and selectivity with a low overpotential of 0.29 V.Then,the NRR performance of Mo-NCNT was further engineered by controlling the nanotube diameter,where the lowest overpotential is 0.18 V at a diameter of 9.6Å.In addition,we found a linear scaling relation between*NNH and*NH_(2)on the studied catalysts with the exception of(2,2)and(3,3)Mo-NCNTs,owing to their extremely unstable structures.We attribute the outstanding NRR performance of Mo-NCNT to the moderate adsorption of N_(2)due to the slightly low d-band center of Mo,and the charge donating and accepting capacity of NCNTs.This work has provided a deeper insight into designing highefficiency and stable NRR SACs supported by NCNTs.展开更多
To achieve sustainable desalination and water purification,solar interface evaporation technology is an effective means due to its high energy efficiency.Reasonable photothermal conversion materials and surface design...To achieve sustainable desalination and water purification,solar interface evaporation technology is an effective means due to its high energy efficiency.Reasonable photothermal conversion materials and surface design are crucial for the interfacial solar evaporation process.How to design water transport routes and thermal insulating layers simultaneously is one of the major challenges to solar interface evaporation technology today.Herein,this work reports an arch-shaped wood evaporator(pine@carbon black(CB)-metal-organic framework-801(MOF-801)-36%)for efficient,fast and continuous interfacial solar evaporation,which is composed of an arch-shaped wood substrate,MOF-801,and CB as a light absorption layer.The archshaped structure has a double-sided evaporation effect,which has a synergistic effect on augmenting solar evaporation efficiency.In addition,the in-situ growth of MOF-801 in pretreated wood microchannels renders the wood evaporator a significant function of reducing the equivalent enthalpy of evaporation due to the reduction of the hydrogen bonding density of water molecules as they pass through the wood channels.The best evaporation rate of the arch-shaped wood evaporator can reach 2.535 kg·m^(−2)·h^(−1),and the efficiency reaches 93.7%under the irradiation of 1 sun illumination.Notably,it could be used for desalination and wastewater treatment to collect fresh water that meets drinking requirements set by the World Health Organization(WHO).This integrated evaporator provides an efficient way for commercial portable photothermal conversion and new ideas for advanced solar-driven water treatment technology.展开更多
DNA nanotechnology has been widely employed for biomedical applications.However,most DNA nanomaterials rely on noncovalent complementary base pairing of short single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides.Herein,we describe a ...DNA nanotechnology has been widely employed for biomedical applications.However,most DNA nanomaterials rely on noncovalent complementary base pairing of short single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides.Herein,we describe a general strategy to construct a long and covalently conjugated branched DNA structure for fast and in situ gelation in vivo.In our design,a short and covalently conjugated branched DNA structure can normally be employed as the DNA primer in the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-dependent enzymatic polymerization system.After enzymatic extension,the DNA aptamer-modified branched DNA structures with the sequences of poly T or poly A can immediately coassemble for in situ encapsulation of the target protein and tumor cell.The fast and in situ gelation system can function in a murine model of local tumor recurrence for targeting residual tumor cells to achieve long-term drug release for efficient tumor inhibition in vivo.This rationally developed DNA self-assembly strategy provides a new avenue for the development of multifunctional DNA nanomaterials.展开更多
Glioblastoma （GBM） is the most common malignant primary brain tumor with a low five-year survival rate. Evidence from experimental and clinical studies indicates that glioma stem cells （GSCs） contribute to GBM tum...Glioblastoma （GBM） is the most common malignant primary brain tumor with a low five-year survival rate. Evidence from experimental and clinical studies indicates that glioma stem cells （GSCs） contribute to GBM tumor growth, therapeutic resistance and relapse （Bao et al., 2006; Gilbertson and Rich, 2007）. GSCs are enriched in a unique microenviron- ment known as the perivascular niche. Interestingly, a large number of tumor-associated macrophages （TAMs） are also distributed in the perivascular niche, indicating that crosstalk between GSCs and TAMs may have a critical role in GBM tumor progression. TAMs are abundant in most solid tumors and contribute to tumor progression in several ways, such as promoting invasion, angiogenesis and immunosuppression; however, the molecular link between TAM recruitment and GSCs has remained generally unclear. Writing in Nature Cell Biology, Zhou et al. provide new insights into where and how TAMs are recruited and educated by GSCs in GBMs （Zhou et al., 2015） （Fig. 1）.展开更多
The development of advanced materials and technologies in the field of sustainability is of vital importance for addressing environmental pollution.Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)show great potential in the field of...The development of advanced materials and technologies in the field of sustainability is of vital importance for addressing environmental pollution.Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)show great potential in the field of environmental remediation due to their ordered structure,high porosity,low density,large specific surface area,alongside excellent chemical stability.These features position COFs as promising candidates for environmental remediation.However,COFs usually exist in powder form with poor processability and recyclability.To overcome such challenges,the construction of COF-based aerogels with a unique three-dimensional interconnected pore structure and extremely low density is considered an important means to realize their device applications.The research on the development of advanced COF aerogel composites at the molecular level opens up a new way and provides a new choice of multifunctional materials for environmental governance.This review focuses on COF aerogels and systematically summarizes their synthesis methods and development in environmental applications.展开更多
基金the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22175094,21971113)。
文摘Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)have great potential as adsorbents due to their customizable functionality,low density and high porosity.However,COFs powder exists with poor processing and recycling performance.Moreover,due to the accumulation of COFs nanoparticles,it is not conducive to the full utilization of their surface functional groups.Currently,the strategy of COFs assembling into aerogel can be a good solution to this problem.Herein,we successfully synthesize composite aerogels(CSR)by in-situ self-assembly of two-dimensional COFs and graphene based on crosslinking of sodium alginate.Sodium alginate in the composite improves the mechanical properties of the aerogel,and graphene provides a template for the in-situ growth of COFs.Impressively,CSR aerogels with different COFs and sizes can be prepared by changing the moiety of the ligand and modulating the addition amount of COFs.The prepared CSR aerogels exhibit porous,low density,good processability and good mechanical properties.Among them,the density of CSR-N-1.6 is only 5 mg/cm3,which is the lowest density among the reported COF aerogels so far.Due to these remarkable properties,CSR aerogels perform excellent adsorption and recycling properties for the efficient and rapid removal of organic pollutants(organic dyes and antibiotics)from polluted water.In addition,it is also possible to visually recognize the presence of antibiotics by fluorescence detection.This work not only provides a new strategy for synthesizing COF aerogels,but also accelerates the practical application of COF aerogels and contributes to environmental remediation.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFD1800201).
文摘The H4 subtype of avian influenza virus(AIV)is prevalent worldwide,but only receives little attention due to its low pathogenicity in poultry.Consequently,it remains largely unclear whether H4 AIVs pose a potential threat to the poultry industry and public health.During the period from 2011 to 2022,we conducted an active surveillance programm.A total of 154,762 swab samples were collected across various provinces,and 427 H4 viruses were detected,resulting in a positivity rate of 0.28%.All H4 viruses were isolated from poultry,primarily from ducks in live poultry markets.We further investigated the genetic evolutionary characteristics and pathogenicity of 20 H4Nx viruses isolated in our program.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the 20 H4Nx viruses belonged to the Eurasian lineage and exhibited significant genetic diversity,with 19 distinct genotypes identified.Molecular characterization indicated that these viruses were low-pathogenicity AIVs with limited binding affinity to human receptors,yet they contained mutations associated with enhanced viral replication and pathogenicity in mammals.Pathogenicity tests conducted in ducks demonstrated that H4 viruses were weakly pathogenic,exhibiting limited replication and transmission capabilities.However,some viruses were able to replicate effectively in mice and induce weight loss.For instance,DK/AH/AG61/11(H4N6)can replicate efficiently in MDCK cells,indicating a potential threat to mammals.These findings underscore the importance of ongoing surveillance of H4 AIVs to better understand their evolution and transmission dynamics and to prevent potential public health risks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172064)。
文摘Introducing the inherent genetic diversity of wild species into cultivars has become one of the hot topics in crop genetic breeding and genetic resource research.Fiber-and seed-related traits,which are critical to the global economy and people's livelihoods,are the principal focus of cotton breeding.Here,the wild cotton species Gossypium tomentosum was used to broaden the genetic basis of G.hirsutum and identify QTLs for fiber-and seed-related traits.A population of 559 chromosome segment substitution lines(CSSLs)was established with various chromosome segments from G.tomentosum in a G.hirsutum cultivar background.Totals of 72,89,and 76 QTLs were identified for three yield traits,five fiber quality traits,and six cottonseed nutrient quality traits,respectively.Favorable alleles of 104 QTLs were contributed by G.tomentosum.Sixty-four QTLs were identified in two or more environments,and candidate genes for three of them were further identified.The results of this study contribute to further studies on the genetic basis of the morphogenesis of these economic traits,and indicate the great breeding potential of G.tomentosum for improving the fiber-and seed-related traits in G.hirsutum.
文摘The mud shale of Qingshankou Formation in Songliao Basin is the main rock source and contains rich shale oil resources. The successful development of shale oil depends on evaluating and optimizing the “sweet spots”. To accurately identify and optimize the favorable sweet spots of shale oil in Qingshankou Formation, Songliao Basin, the original logging data were preprocessed in this paper. Then the thin mud shale interlayer of Qingshankou Formation was identified effectively by using the processed logging data. Based on the artificial neural network method, the mineral content of mud shale in Qingshankou Formation was predicted. The lithofacies were identified according to the mineral and TOC content. Finally, a three-dimensional (3-D) model of total organic carbon (TOC), vitrinite reflectance (Ro), mineral content, and rock of Qingshankou Formation in Songliao Basin was established to evaluate and predict the favorable sweet spots of shale oil in the study area. The results show that there are a lot of calcareous and siliceous thin interlayers in Qingshankou Formation, and TOC content is generally between 2% and 3%. Ro is the highest in Gulong sag, followed by Sanzhao sag. The lithofacies mainly consists of felsic shale and mixed shale, mainly in the first member of Qingshankou Formation. Comprehensive analysis shows that shale oil development potential is enormous in the eastern part of Sanzhao Sag and the northern part of Gulong Sag.
基金the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21971113, 22175094, 51902165)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK20200800)+1 种基金Independent Innovation of Agricultural Science and Technology in Jiangsu Province (No. CX(21)3163)Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (No. 20KJA150001)。
文摘Li metal has been regarded as the holy grail for the next-generation Li-ion battery.Li dendrites issues,however,impede its practical application.In general,prolonging the sand time of Li nucleation and regulating homogeneous Li^(+) flux are effective approaches to suppress the dendrites formation and growth.Regarding this view,a functional polypropylene (PP) separator is developed to regulate ion transportation via a newly designed Li-based metal-organic framework (Li-MOF) coating.The Li-MOF crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 and features a double-walled three-dimensional (3D) structure with 1D channels.The well-defined intrinsic nanochannels of Li-MOF and the steric-hinerance effect both restrict free migration of anions,contributing to a high Li^(+) transference number of 0.65,which improve the Sand time of Li nucleation.Meanwhile,the Li-MOF coating with uniform porous structure promotes homogeneous Li^(+) flux at the surface of Li metal.Furthermore,the Li-MOF coating layer helps to build solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer that comprises of inorganic Li F and Li_(3)N,which further prohibits the dendrites growth.Consequently,a highly stable Li plating/stripping cycling for over 1000 h is achieved.The functional separator also enables high-performance full lithium metal cells,the high-rate and long-stable cycling performance of Li Ni_(0.8)Mn_(0.1)Co_(0.1)(NMC811)-Li and Li Co O_(2)(LCO)-Li cells further demonstrate the feasibility of this concept.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos. 2016YFE0203200, 2017YFD0500704)the Major Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31430087)the Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System (No. CARS-41-G15)
文摘Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However.
基金This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22403073 and No.22103059)the Natural Science Program on Basic Research Project of Shaanxi Province(2023-JC-QN-0155)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(xzy012024052)Yaqiong Su also acknowledges the"Young Talent Support Plan"of Xi`an Jiaotong University.Supercomputing facilities were provided by Hefei Advanced Computing Center and Computing Center in Xi'an.
文摘Converting CO_(2) into valuable chemicals has become a widely used research method for CO_(2) conversion.In this work,the catalytic performance of pyramidal-4Ni catalysts supported on rare earth metal-doped CeO_(2)toward CO_(2) reductionreaction(CO_(2)RR)was investigated by using density-functional theorycalculations.For rare earth metal-doped CeO_(2),2Ce is substituted by 2 trivalent cations and at the same time one oxygen vacancy is created to make charge compensation.We investigated the oxygen vacancy nearest(Vo,N)and next-nearest(Vo,NN)to 4Ni,and found releasing CO and CO_(2) dissociation are the rate-determining steps,respectively,via the path of Vo,N and Vo,NN.Among the studied dopants(Ga,Sb,Lu,Gd,Pr,La,Bi),Gd is identified as the best dopant for catalyzing the reduction of CO_(2) at 823 K,with the turn-over frequency(TOF)of 104 times as large as that over 4Ni supported on pure CeO_(2).This exploration provides theoretical support and guidance for the research and application of rare earth metaldoped CeO_(2)-loaded Ni catalysts in the field of CO_(2) reduction.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFC2006000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72074222)。
文摘Malnutrition substantially contributes to adverse clinical outcomes.However,no national survey has been conducted to characterize itsepidemiology in hospital settings in China.We conducted the China Nutrition Fundamental Data 2020 project among a multistage stratifiedcluster sample of adult inpatients from 291 study sites across 30 provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities(except for Hong Kong,Macao,Taiwan Province,and the Xizang Autonomous Region,please see MATERIALS AND METHODS for details of the causes)of China togenerate reliable data on the prevalence of malnutrition and explore the associated risk factors.We collected information on participants’sociodemographic characteristics,physical examinations,and laboratory test results.Malnutrition was defined according to the GlobalLeadership Initiative on Malnutrition(GLIM)criteria.The standardized prevalence of malnutrition was calculated,and factors associatedwith malnutrition were examined using logistic regression analyses.We included 54,652 individuals with seven systemic diseases whocompleted all the survey documents in the final analysis.The overall prevalence of malnutrition was 12.5%,representing 7.6 million adult inpatients in China.The prevalence of malnutrition was higher in men,individuals aged≥60 years,residents of central and westernregions,people from lower economic areas,and those with lower education levels than in women,individuals aged<60 years,residents ofeastern regions,individuals from higher economic areas,and those with higher education levels.Patients with higher disease severityscores,infectious diseases,and neoplasms had a higher tendency for malnutrition than those without such conditions.Sex,age,region,economic level,education level,disease severity score,infectious diseases,and neoplasms were independently associated with malnutrition.In conclusion,malnutrition is prevalent among Chinese adult inpatients,necessitating national-and hospital-level interventions.Thissurvey provides several avenues to begin addressing the burden of malnutrition in China.
文摘Antibiotic resistance is a major challenge in the clinical treatment of bacterial infectious diseases.Herein,we constructed a multifunctional DNA nanoplatform as a versatile carrier for bacteria-specific delivery of clinical antibiotic ciprofloxacin(CIP)and classic nanoantibiotic silver nanoparticles(AgNP).In our rational design,CIP was efficiently loaded in the self-assembly doublebundle DNA tetrahedron through intercalation with DNA duplex,and single-strand DNA-modified AgNP was embedded in the cavity of the DNA tetrahedron through hybridization.With the site-specific assembly of targeting aptamer in the well-defined DNA tetrahedron,the bacteria-specific dual-antibiotic delivery system exhibited excellent combined bactericidal properties.With enhanced antibiotic accumulation through breaking the out membrane of bacteria,the antibiotic delivery system effectively inhibited biofilm formation and promoted the healing of infected wounds in vivo.This DNA-based antibiotic delivery system provides a promising strategy for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant infections.
基金funded through grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81871580,81730057,82130062)Key Project of Military Medical Innovation of Chinese PLA,China(18CXZ026).
文摘Background:Immunosuppression is an important characteristic of sepsis and is closely related to poor outcomes.Regulatory T cells(Tregs)contribute to immune suppression by inhibiting effector T cell(Teff)proliferation and differentiation.We aimed to investigate the role of p53 in Treg expansion after sepsis.Methods:We constructed a sepsis model in wild-type(WT)and p53f/f/CD4-Cre+mice by cecal ligation and puncture(CLP)and evaluated the proportions of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregs by flow cytometry.The expression levels of forkhead/winged helix transcription factor p3(Foxp3),DNA methyltransferase enzyme(DMNT)3a and ten-eleven translocation(TET)2 were examined using quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis.Treg-specific demethylation region(TSDR)methylation sites in cells were analyzed by bisulfite-sequencing PCR.Furthermore,the direct binding of p53 to the Dnmt3a and TET2 promoters was illustrated using a luciferase assay.The suppressive ability of Tregs was indicated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis of cytokine levels and the proliferation of cocultured Teffs.Finally,mortality rates after CLP were compared among WT and p53f/f/CD4-Cre+mice.Results:The proportion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregs was significantly reduced in p53f/f/CD4-Cre+mice compared to WT mice after CLP.The enhanced expression of Foxp3 in WT mice was downregulated in the p53f/f/CD4-Cre+group.We found decreased DMNT3a and increased TET2 levels after CLP.However,the dysregulation of DNMT3a and TET2 was significantly reversed in p53f/f/CD4-Cre+mice.TSDR underwent increased demethylation in p53f/f/CD4-Cre+mice.Luciferase activity indicated direct binding of p53 to the promoter regions of DNMT3a and TET2 to regulate their transcription.Consequently,Tregs from p53f/f/CD4-Cre+CLP mice exhibited limited suppressive ability,as indicated by the reduced production of transforming growth factor-βand interleukin 10(IL-10).In the coculture system,Teffs showed preserved production of IL-2,differentiation into Th1 cells and proliferation in the presence of Tregs isolated from p53f/f/CD4-Cre+CLP mice.Finally,the mortality rate of the p53f/f/CD4-Cre+group after CLP was significantly reduced in comparison to that of the WT group.Conclusion:p53 appears to be critical for Foxp3 expression and consequent Treg expansion by regulating the induction of DNMT3a and TET2,thereby resulting in Foxp3-TSDR demethylation in the context of sepsis.
基金supported by the Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 1(Nos.RG 85/20 and 125/21)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U20A200201)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Fund,No.3 Special Funding(Pre-Station)(No.2021TQ007)natural science program on basic research project of Shaanxi province(No.2023-JC-QN-0155).
文摘Formic acid is considered one of the most economically viable products for electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).However,developing highly active and selective electrocatalysts for effective CO_(2)conversion remains a grand challenge.Herein,we report that structural modulation of the bismuth oxide nanosheet via Zn^(2+)cooperation has a profound positive effect on exposure of the active plane,thereby contributing to high electrocatalytic CO_(2)RR performance.The obtained Zn-Bi_(2)O_(3)catalyst demonstrates superior selectivity towards formate generation in a wide potential range;a high Faradaic efficiency of 95%and a desirable partial current density of around 20 mA·cm^(-2)are obtained at−0.9 V(vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE)).As proposed by density functional theory calculations,Zn substitution is the most energetically feasible for forming and stabilizing the key OCHO*intermediate among the used metal ions.Moreover,the more negative adsorption energy of OCHO*and the relatively low energy barrier for the desorption of HCOOH*are responsible for the enhanced activity and selectivity.
基金National Key R&D Program of China,Grant/Award Numbers:2021YFA1200302,2021YFC2302200,2018YFA0208900National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:22025201,22077023,82202532,82272248,82002244,81972019+1 种基金Natural Science Fund of Guangdong Province for Distinguished Young Scholars,Grant/Award Number:2022B1515020089China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Numbers:2022M711528,2021M691428。
文摘Antibiotic resistance is a major challenge in the clinical treatment of bacterial infectious diseases.Herein,we constructed a multifunctional DNA nanoplatform as a versatile carrier for bacteria-specific delivery of clinical antibiotic ciprofloxacin(CIP)and classic nanoantibiotic silver nanoparticles(AgNP).In our rational design,CIP was efficiently loaded in the self-assembly double-bundle DNA tetrahedron through intercalation with DNA duplex,and single-strand DNA-modified AgNP was embedded in the cavity of the DNA tetrahedron through hybridization.With the site-specific assembly of targeting aptamer in the well-defined DNA tetrahedron,the bacteria-specific dual-antibiotic delivery system exhibited excellent combined bactericidal properties.With enhanced antibiotic accumulation through breaking the out membrane of bacteria,the antibiotic delivery system effectively inhibited biofilm formation and promoted the healing of infected wounds in vivo.This DNAbased antibiotic delivery system provides a promising strategy for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant infections.
文摘The introduction of defects can adjust the activity of graphene-based single-atom catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions(ORR).Herein,we for the first time investigate the ORR catalytic activity of FeN_(4)sites embedded on graphene with four types of line-defective boundary via density functional theory calculations.Our results show that periodic line defects consisting of pentagon-pentagon-octagon(C_(585))or quad-octagon chains(C_(484))can significantly enhance ORR activity,owing to the optimized electronic structures of FeN_(4)sites.The spin magnetic moment and the valence state of the Fe atom are both well correlated with the ORR overpotential.Experimental investigations further corroborate that FeN_(4)with a high degree of defects exhibits better ORR activity and stability compared to FeN_(4)sites of pristine graphene and commercial Pt/C.This work unravels the influence of the periodic defect boundary on the ORR performance of Fe-N-C catalysts and paves the way towards the rational design of highly effective single-atom electrocatalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22175094,21971113,22108125)the Independent Innovation of Agricultural Science and Technology in Jiangsu Province(CX(21)3163)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20210627)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX23_1178)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(20KJA150001)。
文摘Interfacial solar evaporation technology is considered one of the most promising strategies for alleviating the scarcity of freshwater resources.However,solar-driven evaporation technology cannot eliminate the pollutants in the residual wastewater.To solve this problem,we have prepared a two-in-one solar-driven evaporation/photocatalysis system by decorating MoS_(2)/covalent organic framework(COF)heterojunctions on wood(MoS_(2)/COF-wood).Thanks to the unique porous structure of wood,it provides a strong guarantee for water transport and vapor release during the evaporation process.The introduction of MoS_(2) and COFs can promote the breaking of hydrogen bonds between water molecules,which leads to a significant decrease in the enthalpy of evaporation,achieving a water evaporation rate as high as 2.17 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)under 1 sun irradiation.Meanwhile,the resulting MoS_(2)/COF-wood exhibits good salt resistance and reusability.In addition,the heterojunctions formed between COFs and MoS_(2) can effectively inhibit charge carrier complexation and improve the photocatalytic degradation ability of pollutants(over 99%).This study highlights the construction strategy of bifunctional wood-based materials for freshwater production and wastewater remediation.
基金This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22103059)Y.S.acknowledges the“Young Talent Support Plan”of Xi'an Jiaotong University and the Open Funds of State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces(Xiamen University No.202018)Supercomputing facilities were provided by Hefei Advanced Computing Center.
文摘Developing efficient and stable catalysts for the electrocatalytic N_(2)reduction reaction(NRR)shows promise in nitrogen fixation.Here,we proposed active and stable single-atom catalysts(SACs)toward NRR,where transition metals are anchored on nitrogenated carbon nanotubes(NCNTs).Among the screened nine common transition metals(Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Mo,Ru,Rh,and Ag)on(4,4)NCNTs,we found Mo-NCNT possesses the most excellent NRR catalytic activity and selectivity with a low overpotential of 0.29 V.Then,the NRR performance of Mo-NCNT was further engineered by controlling the nanotube diameter,where the lowest overpotential is 0.18 V at a diameter of 9.6Å.In addition,we found a linear scaling relation between*NNH and*NH_(2)on the studied catalysts with the exception of(2,2)and(3,3)Mo-NCNTs,owing to their extremely unstable structures.We attribute the outstanding NRR performance of Mo-NCNT to the moderate adsorption of N_(2)due to the slightly low d-band center of Mo,and the charge donating and accepting capacity of NCNTs.This work has provided a deeper insight into designing highefficiency and stable NRR SACs supported by NCNTs.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22175094)Independent Innovation of Agricultural Science and Technology in Jiangsu Province(No.CX(21)3163).
文摘To achieve sustainable desalination and water purification,solar interface evaporation technology is an effective means due to its high energy efficiency.Reasonable photothermal conversion materials and surface design are crucial for the interfacial solar evaporation process.How to design water transport routes and thermal insulating layers simultaneously is one of the major challenges to solar interface evaporation technology today.Herein,this work reports an arch-shaped wood evaporator(pine@carbon black(CB)-metal-organic framework-801(MOF-801)-36%)for efficient,fast and continuous interfacial solar evaporation,which is composed of an arch-shaped wood substrate,MOF-801,and CB as a light absorption layer.The archshaped structure has a double-sided evaporation effect,which has a synergistic effect on augmenting solar evaporation efficiency.In addition,the in-situ growth of MOF-801 in pretreated wood microchannels renders the wood evaporator a significant function of reducing the equivalent enthalpy of evaporation due to the reduction of the hydrogen bonding density of water molecules as they pass through the wood channels.The best evaporation rate of the arch-shaped wood evaporator can reach 2.535 kg·m^(−2)·h^(−1),and the efficiency reaches 93.7%under the irradiation of 1 sun illumination.Notably,it could be used for desalination and wastewater treatment to collect fresh water that meets drinking requirements set by the World Health Organization(WHO).This integrated evaporator provides an efficient way for commercial portable photothermal conversion and new ideas for advanced solar-driven water treatment technology.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(grant nos.2021YFA1200302 and 2018YFA0208900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.22025201,22077023,and 21721002)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant no.XDB36000000)the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(grant no.YSBR-036)CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team,the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS,and the K.C.Wong Education Foundation(grant no.GJTD-2018-03).
文摘DNA nanotechnology has been widely employed for biomedical applications.However,most DNA nanomaterials rely on noncovalent complementary base pairing of short single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides.Herein,we describe a general strategy to construct a long and covalently conjugated branched DNA structure for fast and in situ gelation in vivo.In our design,a short and covalently conjugated branched DNA structure can normally be employed as the DNA primer in the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-dependent enzymatic polymerization system.After enzymatic extension,the DNA aptamer-modified branched DNA structures with the sequences of poly T or poly A can immediately coassemble for in situ encapsulation of the target protein and tumor cell.The fast and in situ gelation system can function in a murine model of local tumor recurrence for targeting residual tumor cells to achieve long-term drug release for efficient tumor inhibition in vivo.This rationally developed DNA self-assembly strategy provides a new avenue for the development of multifunctional DNA nanomaterials.
文摘Glioblastoma （GBM） is the most common malignant primary brain tumor with a low five-year survival rate. Evidence from experimental and clinical studies indicates that glioma stem cells （GSCs） contribute to GBM tumor growth, therapeutic resistance and relapse （Bao et al., 2006; Gilbertson and Rich, 2007）. GSCs are enriched in a unique microenviron- ment known as the perivascular niche. Interestingly, a large number of tumor-associated macrophages （TAMs） are also distributed in the perivascular niche, indicating that crosstalk between GSCs and TAMs may have a critical role in GBM tumor progression. TAMs are abundant in most solid tumors and contribute to tumor progression in several ways, such as promoting invasion, angiogenesis and immunosuppression; however, the molecular link between TAM recruitment and GSCs has remained generally unclear. Writing in Nature Cell Biology, Zhou et al. provide new insights into where and how TAMs are recruited and educated by GSCs in GBMs （Zhou et al., 2015） （Fig. 1）.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22175094,21971113)。
文摘The development of advanced materials and technologies in the field of sustainability is of vital importance for addressing environmental pollution.Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)show great potential in the field of environmental remediation due to their ordered structure,high porosity,low density,large specific surface area,alongside excellent chemical stability.These features position COFs as promising candidates for environmental remediation.However,COFs usually exist in powder form with poor processability and recyclability.To overcome such challenges,the construction of COF-based aerogels with a unique three-dimensional interconnected pore structure and extremely low density is considered an important means to realize their device applications.The research on the development of advanced COF aerogel composites at the molecular level opens up a new way and provides a new choice of multifunctional materials for environmental governance.This review focuses on COF aerogels and systematically summarizes their synthesis methods and development in environmental applications.
