The features of optical defects in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthetic type Ⅱ a diamond were characterized using photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, before and after electron irradiation. The sample was cut ...The features of optical defects in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthetic type Ⅱ a diamond were characterized using photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, before and after electron irradiation. The sample was cut within a {100} growth layer, and irradiated with 2 MeV electrons along the <100> axis. PL spectra of sample were collected under 532 nm and 355 nm laser excitation, at room temperature and 77 K, and linear scanning analysis along incident depth was applied to determine the distribution of defects. The pre-irradiation characterization results revealed uniformly distributed PL centers at 389 nm, 469 nm, 533 nm, 575 nm (ZPL of NV 0), 637 nm (ZPL of NV -), and 736.7/737.1 nm (ZPL doublet of SiV -). After irradiation, the differential responses of these as-grown defects were observed, alongside the emergence of irradiation-induced defects, namely 489 nm center, H3 center (ZPL at 504 nm) and GR1 center (ZPL at 741 nm). The maximum penetration depth of 2 MeV electron-irradiation induced defects was determined to be 2.1 mm. This work primarily presents the depth profiles of both as-grown and irradiation-induced defects in 2 MeV electrons irradiated diamond. The result provides experimental data for better understanding of the radiation effect in diamonds. Serving as a reference for diamond enhancement by electron irradiation.展开更多
Oxygen is one of the important substances for the survival of most life systems on the earth,and plateau and underground burrow systems are two typical hypoxic environments.Small mammals living in hypoxic environments...Oxygen is one of the important substances for the survival of most life systems on the earth,and plateau and underground burrow systems are two typical hypoxic environments.Small mammals living in hypoxic environments have evolved different adaptation strategies,which include increased oxygen delivery,metabolic regulation of physiological responses and other physiological responses that change tissue oxygen utilization.Multiomics predictions have also shown that these animals have evolved different adaptations to extreme environments.In particular,vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and erythropoietin(EPO),which have specific functions in the control of O_(2) delivery,have evolved adaptively in small mammals in hypoxic environments.Naked mole-rats and blind mole-rats are typical hypoxic model animals as they have some resistance to cancer.This review primarily summarizes the main living environment of hypoxia tolerant small mammals,as well as the changes of phenotype,physiochemical characteristics and gene expression mode of their long-term living in hypoxia environment.展开更多
The pigment Is an important character in plant development. In the present study, we characterized and fine mapped one Inhibitor for brown furrows gene （ibf） in rice （Oryza sativa L.）. In the ibf mutant, brown pig...The pigment Is an important character in plant development. In the present study, we characterized and fine mapped one Inhibitor for brown furrows gene （ibf） in rice （Oryza sativa L.）. In the ibf mutant, brown pigments specifically accumulate in the furrows of hulls as seeds mature and reach a maximum level In dry seeds. Genetic analysis showed that the mutant phenotype is controlled by one recessive nuclear gene, which was finally mapped In a 90-kb region on the long arm of chromosome 9. Polymerase chain reaction and Southern blotting analysis revealed that there was a 26 kb deletion in the 90-kb region in the mutant. Since all the open reading frames outside the gap In the delimited region had no detectable difference in DNA sequence with the wild-type, we postulated that the ibf locus should be located in the gap. Through gene annotation and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） analysis, we selected OsKF1 encoding a kelch repeat-containing F-box family protein as the candidate gene of ibf.展开更多
Background：Sepsis is a major cause of mortality in Intensive Care Units.Anesthetic dose isoflurane and 100% oxygen were proved to be beneficial in sepsis;however,their application in septic patients is limited becaus...Background：Sepsis is a major cause of mortality in Intensive Care Units.Anesthetic dose isoflurane and 100% oxygen were proved to be beneficial in sepsis;however,their application in septic patients is limited because long-term hyperoxia may induce oxygen toxicity and anesthetic dose isoflurane has potential adverse consequences.This study was scheduled to find the optimal combination ofisoflurane and oxygen in protecting experimental sepsis and its mechanisms.Methods：The effects of combined therapy with isoflurane and oxygen on lung injury and sepsis were determined in animal models of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture （CLP） or intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide （LPS） or zymosan.Mouse RAW264.7 cells or human peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs） were treated by LPS to probe mechanisms.The nuclear factor kappa B （NF-κB） signaling molecules were examined by Western blot and cellular immunohistochemistry.Results：The 0.5 minimum alveolar concentration （MAC） isoflurane in 60% oxygen was the best combination of oxygen and isoflurane for reducing mortality in experimental sepsis induced by CLE intraperitoneal injection of LPS,or zymosan.The 0.5 MAC isoflurane in 60% oxygen inhibited proinflammatory cytokines in peritoneal lavage fluids （tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]：149.3 vs.229.7 pg/ml,interleukin [IL]-1β：12.5 vs.20.6 pg/ml,IL-6：86.1 vs.116.1 pg/ml,and high-mobility group protein 1 [HMGB1]：323.7 vs.449.3 ng/ml;all P 〈 0.05） and serum （TNF-α：302.7 vs.450.7 pg/ml,IL-1β：51.7 vs.96.7 pg/ml,IL-6：390.4 vs.722.5 pg/ml,and HMGB1：592.2 vs.985.4 ng/ml;all P 〈 0.05） in septic animals.In vitro experiments showed that the 0.5 MAC isoflurane in 60% oxygen reduced inflammatory responses in mouse RAW264.7 cells,after LPS stimulation （all P 〈 0.05）.Suppressed activation of NF-κB pathway was also observed in mouse RAW264.7 macrophages and human PBMCs after LPS stimulation or plasma from septic patients.The 0.5 MAC isoflurane in 60% oxygen also prevented the increases ofphospho-IKKα/β,phospho-IκBα,and phospho-p65 expressions in RAW264.7 macrophages after LPS stimulation （allP 〈 0.05）.Conclusion：Combined administration of a sedative dose of isoflurane with 60% oxygen improves survival of septic animals through reducing inflammatory responses.展开更多
Mammals have evolved mechanisms to sense hypoxia and induce hypoxic responses.Recently,high-throughput techniques have greatly promoted global studies of protein expression changes during hypoxia and the identificatio...Mammals have evolved mechanisms to sense hypoxia and induce hypoxic responses.Recently,high-throughput techniques have greatly promoted global studies of protein expression changes during hypoxia and the identification of candidate genes associated with hypoxiaadaptive evolution,which have contributed to the understanding of the complex regulatory networks of hypoxia.In this study,we developed an integrated resource for the expression dynamics of proteins in response to hypoxia(iHypoxia),and this database contains 2589 expression events of 1944 proteins identified by low-throughput experiments(LTEs)and 422,553 quantitative expression events of 33,559 proteins identified by high-throughput experiments from five mammals that exhibit a response to hypoxia.Various experimental details,such as the hypoxic experimental conditions,expression patterns,and sample types,were carefully collected and integrated.Furthermore,8788 candidate genes from diverse species inhabiting low-oxygen environments were also integrated.In addition,we conducted an orthologous search and computationally identified 394,141 proteins that may respond to hypoxia among 48 animals.An enrichment analysis of human proteins identified from LTEs shows that these proteins are enriched in certain drug targets and cancer genes.Annotation of known posttranslational modification(PTM)sites in the proteins identified by LTEs reveals that these proteins undergo extensive PTMs,particularly phosphorylation,ubiquitination,and acetylation.iHypoxia provides a convenient and user-friendly method for users to obtain hypoxia-related information of interest.展开更多
Comprehending the microscopic formation of nitrogen vacancy(NV)centers in nitrogen-doped diamonds is crucial for enhancing the controllable preparation of NV centers and quantum applications.Irradiation followed by an...Comprehending the microscopic formation of nitrogen vacancy(NV)centers in nitrogen-doped diamonds is crucial for enhancing the controllable preparation of NV centers and quantum applications.Irradiation followed by annealing simulations for a type-Ib diamond with a 900 ppm concentration of isolated nitrogen is conducted along different orientations and at different annealing temperatures.In these simulations,molecular dynamics(MD)with smoothly connected potential functions are implemented.MD simulations revealed the dynamic formation process of the NV center,which was subsequently verified by first-principles calculations and experiments.The results indicate that vacancies undergo one or multiple migrations by exchanging sites with neighboring atoms.There are three mechanisms for the formation of NV centers:direct irradiation-induced NV formation,irradiation with further annealing to form NV and vacancy migration(VM)during the annealing process.Furthermore,the results show that both VM and NV center formations are affected by orientations.This study clarifies the formation of NV centers across multiple scales and provides a solid foundation for the targeted preparation of NV centers.展开更多
基金This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42372054)。
文摘The features of optical defects in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthetic type Ⅱ a diamond were characterized using photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, before and after electron irradiation. The sample was cut within a {100} growth layer, and irradiated with 2 MeV electrons along the <100> axis. PL spectra of sample were collected under 532 nm and 355 nm laser excitation, at room temperature and 77 K, and linear scanning analysis along incident depth was applied to determine the distribution of defects. The pre-irradiation characterization results revealed uniformly distributed PL centers at 389 nm, 469 nm, 533 nm, 575 nm (ZPL of NV 0), 637 nm (ZPL of NV -), and 736.7/737.1 nm (ZPL doublet of SiV -). After irradiation, the differential responses of these as-grown defects were observed, alongside the emergence of irradiation-induced defects, namely 489 nm center, H3 center (ZPL at 504 nm) and GR1 center (ZPL at 741 nm). The maximum penetration depth of 2 MeV electron-irradiation induced defects was determined to be 2.1 mm. This work primarily presents the depth profiles of both as-grown and irradiation-induced defects in 2 MeV electrons irradiated diamond. The result provides experimental data for better understanding of the radiation effect in diamonds. Serving as a reference for diamond enhancement by electron irradiation.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant No.U2004152.
文摘Oxygen is one of the important substances for the survival of most life systems on the earth,and plateau and underground burrow systems are two typical hypoxic environments.Small mammals living in hypoxic environments have evolved different adaptation strategies,which include increased oxygen delivery,metabolic regulation of physiological responses and other physiological responses that change tissue oxygen utilization.Multiomics predictions have also shown that these animals have evolved different adaptations to extreme environments.In particular,vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and erythropoietin(EPO),which have specific functions in the control of O_(2) delivery,have evolved adaptively in small mammals in hypoxic environments.Naked mole-rats and blind mole-rats are typical hypoxic model animals as they have some resistance to cancer.This review primarily summarizes the main living environment of hypoxia tolerant small mammals,as well as the changes of phenotype,physiochemical characteristics and gene expression mode of their long-term living in hypoxia environment.
基金Supported by Grants from the Ministry of Sciences and Technology of China （2005CB120805）, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30325008, 30428019 and 305300）.The authors thank Dr Khush at the International Rice Research Institute, the Philippines （IRRI） for providing the original ibfmutant.
文摘The pigment Is an important character in plant development. In the present study, we characterized and fine mapped one Inhibitor for brown furrows gene （ibf） in rice （Oryza sativa L.）. In the ibf mutant, brown pigments specifically accumulate in the furrows of hulls as seeds mature and reach a maximum level In dry seeds. Genetic analysis showed that the mutant phenotype is controlled by one recessive nuclear gene, which was finally mapped In a 90-kb region on the long arm of chromosome 9. Polymerase chain reaction and Southern blotting analysis revealed that there was a 26 kb deletion in the 90-kb region in the mutant. Since all the open reading frames outside the gap In the delimited region had no detectable difference in DNA sequence with the wild-type, we postulated that the ibf locus should be located in the gap. Through gene annotation and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） analysis, we selected OsKF1 encoding a kelch repeat-containing F-box family protein as the candidate gene of ibf.
文摘Background：Sepsis is a major cause of mortality in Intensive Care Units.Anesthetic dose isoflurane and 100% oxygen were proved to be beneficial in sepsis;however,their application in septic patients is limited because long-term hyperoxia may induce oxygen toxicity and anesthetic dose isoflurane has potential adverse consequences.This study was scheduled to find the optimal combination ofisoflurane and oxygen in protecting experimental sepsis and its mechanisms.Methods：The effects of combined therapy with isoflurane and oxygen on lung injury and sepsis were determined in animal models of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture （CLP） or intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide （LPS） or zymosan.Mouse RAW264.7 cells or human peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs） were treated by LPS to probe mechanisms.The nuclear factor kappa B （NF-κB） signaling molecules were examined by Western blot and cellular immunohistochemistry.Results：The 0.5 minimum alveolar concentration （MAC） isoflurane in 60% oxygen was the best combination of oxygen and isoflurane for reducing mortality in experimental sepsis induced by CLE intraperitoneal injection of LPS,or zymosan.The 0.5 MAC isoflurane in 60% oxygen inhibited proinflammatory cytokines in peritoneal lavage fluids （tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]：149.3 vs.229.7 pg/ml,interleukin [IL]-1β：12.5 vs.20.6 pg/ml,IL-6：86.1 vs.116.1 pg/ml,and high-mobility group protein 1 [HMGB1]：323.7 vs.449.3 ng/ml;all P 〈 0.05） and serum （TNF-α：302.7 vs.450.7 pg/ml,IL-1β：51.7 vs.96.7 pg/ml,IL-6：390.4 vs.722.5 pg/ml,and HMGB1：592.2 vs.985.4 ng/ml;all P 〈 0.05） in septic animals.In vitro experiments showed that the 0.5 MAC isoflurane in 60% oxygen reduced inflammatory responses in mouse RAW264.7 cells,after LPS stimulation （all P 〈 0.05）.Suppressed activation of NF-κB pathway was also observed in mouse RAW264.7 macrophages and human PBMCs after LPS stimulation or plasma from septic patients.The 0.5 MAC isoflurane in 60% oxygen also prevented the increases ofphospho-IKKα/β,phospho-IκBα,and phospho-p65 expressions in RAW264.7 macrophages after LPS stimulation （allP 〈 0.05）.Conclusion：Combined administration of a sedative dose of isoflurane with 60% oxygen improves survival of septic animals through reducing inflammatory responses.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFA1302100 to Ze-Xian Liu)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U2004152 to Zhenlong Wang,Grant Nos.81972239 and 91953123 to Ze-Xian Liu)+2 种基金the Fostering Fund of Fundamental Research for Young Teachers of Zhengzhou University,China(Grant No.JC21343016 to Han Cheng)the Program for Guangdong Introducing Innovative and Entrepreneurial Teams,China(Grant No.2017ZT07S096 to Ze-Xian Liu)the Tip-Top Scientific and Technical Innovative Youth Talents of Guangdong Special Support Program,China(Grant No.2019TQ05Y351 to Ze-Xian Liu).
文摘Mammals have evolved mechanisms to sense hypoxia and induce hypoxic responses.Recently,high-throughput techniques have greatly promoted global studies of protein expression changes during hypoxia and the identification of candidate genes associated with hypoxiaadaptive evolution,which have contributed to the understanding of the complex regulatory networks of hypoxia.In this study,we developed an integrated resource for the expression dynamics of proteins in response to hypoxia(iHypoxia),and this database contains 2589 expression events of 1944 proteins identified by low-throughput experiments(LTEs)and 422,553 quantitative expression events of 33,559 proteins identified by high-throughput experiments from five mammals that exhibit a response to hypoxia.Various experimental details,such as the hypoxic experimental conditions,expression patterns,and sample types,were carefully collected and integrated.Furthermore,8788 candidate genes from diverse species inhabiting low-oxygen environments were also integrated.In addition,we conducted an orthologous search and computationally identified 394,141 proteins that may respond to hypoxia among 48 animals.An enrichment analysis of human proteins identified from LTEs shows that these proteins are enriched in certain drug targets and cancer genes.Annotation of known posttranslational modification(PTM)sites in the proteins identified by LTEs reveals that these proteins undergo extensive PTMs,particularly phosphorylation,ubiquitination,and acetylation.iHypoxia provides a convenient and user-friendly method for users to obtain hypoxia-related information of interest.
基金Hubei Provincial Jewelry Engineering Technology Research Center,Gemological Institute,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)for its support(Grant No.CIGTXM-04-S202301)The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52302046 and 52202045)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(Grant No.2022CFB606)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan-Shuguang(Grant No.2023010201020255)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.2042023kf0116 and 2042023kf0112)the Fundamental Research Funds for National University,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)(Grant No.CUGDCJJ202225)the Open Fund of Hubei Key Laboratory of Electronic Manufacturing and Packaging Integration(Wuhan University)(Grant No.EMPI2023016).
文摘Comprehending the microscopic formation of nitrogen vacancy(NV)centers in nitrogen-doped diamonds is crucial for enhancing the controllable preparation of NV centers and quantum applications.Irradiation followed by annealing simulations for a type-Ib diamond with a 900 ppm concentration of isolated nitrogen is conducted along different orientations and at different annealing temperatures.In these simulations,molecular dynamics(MD)with smoothly connected potential functions are implemented.MD simulations revealed the dynamic formation process of the NV center,which was subsequently verified by first-principles calculations and experiments.The results indicate that vacancies undergo one or multiple migrations by exchanging sites with neighboring atoms.There are three mechanisms for the formation of NV centers:direct irradiation-induced NV formation,irradiation with further annealing to form NV and vacancy migration(VM)during the annealing process.Furthermore,the results show that both VM and NV center formations are affected by orientations.This study clarifies the formation of NV centers across multiple scales and provides a solid foundation for the targeted preparation of NV centers.
