Hypertension is a complex disease that constitutes an important public health problem and demands many studies in order to understand the molecular mechanisms involving his pathophysiology. Therefore, an increasing nu...Hypertension is a complex disease that constitutes an important public health problem and demands many studies in order to understand the molecular mechanisms involving his pathophysiology. Therefore, an increasing number of studies have been conducted and new therapies are continually being discovered. In this context, exercise training has emerged as an important non-pharmacological therapy to treat hypertensive patients, minimizing the side effects of pharmacological therapies and frequently contributing to allow pharmacotherapy to be suspended. Several mechanisms have been associated with the pathogenesis of hypertension, such as hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin aldosterone system,impaired endothelial nitric oxide production, increased oxygen-reactive species, vascular thickening and stiffening, cardiac hypertrophy, impaired angiogenesis, and sometimes genetic predisposition. With the advent of microRNAs(miRNAs), new insights have been added to the perspectives for the treatment of this disease, and exercise training has been shown to be able to modulate the miRNAs associated with it. Elucidation of the relationship between exercise training and miRNAs in the pathogenesis of hypertension is fundamental in order to understand how exercise modulates the cardiovascular system at genetic level. This can be promising even for the development of new drugs. This article is a review of how exercise training acts on hypertension by means of specific miRNAs in the heart, vascular system, and skeletal muscle.展开更多
Smart trains and railways are gaining increasing significance in major global cities as they offer solutions to issues like traffic congestion and environmental pollution.Technological advancements have facilitated th...Smart trains and railways are gaining increasing significance in major global cities as they offer solutions to issues like traffic congestion and environmental pollution.Technological advancements have facilitated the transition from conventional systems to more advanced,highly efficient,and personalized railway systems.However,the complexity of these systems presents challenges,especially in terms of reliability,interoperability security,and privacy.With the potential vulnerability of railway systems to cyberattacks,it becomes crucial for these emerging smart systems to establish stringent privacy and security requirements.Cybersecurity is a key requirement to enable railways to deploy and take advantage of the full extent of a connected,digital environment.This research explores the cybersecurity landscape within Smart Railways aiming to identify potential threats and associated risks on these systems,focusing on analyzing the current literature related to Smart Railways and cybersecurity aspects,then listing key technologies used by smart systems,and finally proposing an illustration of use cases application to call attention to the impact of attacks,providing then as a set of good practices that must be followed to reduce risks and to the safeguard the operability for Rail Transportation.The research findings suggest that over the last few years,there has been a significant increase in research activity in this area,indicating a growing recognition of the importance of cybersecurity in the railway industry.The results also pointed out several gaps related to this topic,namely the lack of standardization in cybersecurity practices and limited consideration of human factors that can impact cybersecurity.展开更多
基金Supported by Grants from Funda■o de AmparoàPesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo-FAPESP,No.2009/18370-3 and 2010/50048-1by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-CNPq,No.476515/2012-2,USP/PRP-NAPmiR+1 种基金by the grant from FAPESP,No.2012/04104-2,No.2013/10472-7 and No.2010/09438-0by the grant from CNPq,No.159827/2011-6,No.159827/2011-6 and No.308267/2013-3
文摘Hypertension is a complex disease that constitutes an important public health problem and demands many studies in order to understand the molecular mechanisms involving his pathophysiology. Therefore, an increasing number of studies have been conducted and new therapies are continually being discovered. In this context, exercise training has emerged as an important non-pharmacological therapy to treat hypertensive patients, minimizing the side effects of pharmacological therapies and frequently contributing to allow pharmacotherapy to be suspended. Several mechanisms have been associated with the pathogenesis of hypertension, such as hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin aldosterone system,impaired endothelial nitric oxide production, increased oxygen-reactive species, vascular thickening and stiffening, cardiac hypertrophy, impaired angiogenesis, and sometimes genetic predisposition. With the advent of microRNAs(miRNAs), new insights have been added to the perspectives for the treatment of this disease, and exercise training has been shown to be able to modulate the miRNAs associated with it. Elucidation of the relationship between exercise training and miRNAs in the pathogenesis of hypertension is fundamental in order to understand how exercise modulates the cardiovascular system at genetic level. This can be promising even for the development of new drugs. This article is a review of how exercise training acts on hypertension by means of specific miRNAs in the heart, vascular system, and skeletal muscle.
基金supported by national funds through FCT-Fundaçao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia,Portugal through project UIDB/04728/2020。
文摘Smart trains and railways are gaining increasing significance in major global cities as they offer solutions to issues like traffic congestion and environmental pollution.Technological advancements have facilitated the transition from conventional systems to more advanced,highly efficient,and personalized railway systems.However,the complexity of these systems presents challenges,especially in terms of reliability,interoperability security,and privacy.With the potential vulnerability of railway systems to cyberattacks,it becomes crucial for these emerging smart systems to establish stringent privacy and security requirements.Cybersecurity is a key requirement to enable railways to deploy and take advantage of the full extent of a connected,digital environment.This research explores the cybersecurity landscape within Smart Railways aiming to identify potential threats and associated risks on these systems,focusing on analyzing the current literature related to Smart Railways and cybersecurity aspects,then listing key technologies used by smart systems,and finally proposing an illustration of use cases application to call attention to the impact of attacks,providing then as a set of good practices that must be followed to reduce risks and to the safeguard the operability for Rail Transportation.The research findings suggest that over the last few years,there has been a significant increase in research activity in this area,indicating a growing recognition of the importance of cybersecurity in the railway industry.The results also pointed out several gaps related to this topic,namely the lack of standardization in cybersecurity practices and limited consideration of human factors that can impact cybersecurity.
