An autonomous adaptive low-power instrument platform(AAL-PIP)chain of six stations has been newly established on East Antarctic Plateau along the 40°geomagnetic meridian,to investigate interhemispheric geomagneti...An autonomous adaptive low-power instrument platform(AAL-PIP)chain of six stations has been newly established on East Antarctic Plateau along the 40°geomagnetic meridian,to investigate interhemispheric geomagnetically conjugate current systems,waves,and other space weather phenomena in Polar Regions.These six stations,PG0 to PG5,which host low-power magnetometers(Fluxgate and Searchcoil),dual frequency GPS receivers,HF radio experiment,and run autonomously with solar power and two-way satellite communication,are designated at the geomagnetically conjugate(based on the International Geomagnetic Reference Field)locations of the West Greenland geomagnetic chain covering magnetic latitudes from 70°to 80°.We present the development,deployment,and operation of this chain,as well as the data collected by the chain and some preliminary scientific results showing evidence of interhemispheric asymmetries,which are important to better understand Solar Wind–Magnetosphere–Ionosphere(SWMI)coupling in Polar Regions.Recent investigations focus on magnetic impulse(MI)events,traveling convection vortices(TCVs),and ultra-low frequency(ULF)waves in the coupled southern and northern hemispheres.展开更多
Background Although previous studies have examined the effects of exercise training on other International Classification of Functioning,Disability and Health(ICF)component levels in persons with multiple sclerosis(MS...Background Although previous studies have examined the effects of exercise training on other International Classification of Functioning,Disability and Health(ICF)component levels in persons with multiple sclerosis(MS),the effects of exercise training on participation remain unclear.The objectives of this review were to:(1)characterize systematically the use of outcome measures that capture participation in exercise training studies;(2)quantify the effect of exercise training on participation in persons with MS.Methods A search of 6 electronic databases(CINAHL,SPORTDiscuss,Embase,MEDLINE,Cochrane Central,and Scopus)was conducted to identify controlled and noncontrolled trials involving exercise training and participation in persons with MS.Search strings were built from Medical Subject Headings and CINAHL headings.ICF linking rules were used to identify participation chapters and categories captured.Meta-analysis was used to quantify the effect of exercise training on participation in randomized controlled trials comparing exercise effects to no intervention/usual care.Results We included 49 articles involving controlled and noncontrolled exercise trials in the systematic review of outcome measures.We captured 16 different outcome measures that captured all 9 participation chapters and identified 89 unique participation categories.Across these 16 outcome measures,mobility was the most commonly represented participation chapter,with 108 items.A subsample of 23 randomized controlled trials was included in the meta-analysis.An overall effect of 0.60(standard error=0.12,95%confidence interval:0.36-0.84,z=4.9,p<0.001)was calculated,indicating a moderate,positive effect of exercise training on participation.Conclusion The current review provides information that can be used to guide the selection of outcome measures that capture participation in studies of exercise training in persons with MS.Exercise training has a positive effect on outcomes that capture participation,providing further evidence for the role of exercise training in promoting and maintaining engagement in everyday life.展开更多
基金Support for the development and testing of this system has been provided through a Major Research Infrastructure (MRI) Grant ATM-922979 to Virginia Tech from the National Science Foundation, USAsupport has been provided by the National Science Foundation for the operation and scientific investigation of data from the deployed AAL-PIP stations along the Antarctic 40 magnetic meridian by Grants NSF ANT-08398585, PLR-1243398, PLR-1543364 and EAR-1520864+2 种基金Support at the University of Michigan was provided by NSF grant ANT-0838861supported by NSF grant PLR-1243225 to ASTRAfinancial support through the German Ministry for Economy and Technology and the German Center for Aviation and Space (DLR) under contract 50 OC 0302
文摘An autonomous adaptive low-power instrument platform(AAL-PIP)chain of six stations has been newly established on East Antarctic Plateau along the 40°geomagnetic meridian,to investigate interhemispheric geomagnetically conjugate current systems,waves,and other space weather phenomena in Polar Regions.These six stations,PG0 to PG5,which host low-power magnetometers(Fluxgate and Searchcoil),dual frequency GPS receivers,HF radio experiment,and run autonomously with solar power and two-way satellite communication,are designated at the geomagnetically conjugate(based on the International Geomagnetic Reference Field)locations of the West Greenland geomagnetic chain covering magnetic latitudes from 70°to 80°.We present the development,deployment,and operation of this chain,as well as the data collected by the chain and some preliminary scientific results showing evidence of interhemispheric asymmetries,which are important to better understand Solar Wind–Magnetosphere–Ionosphere(SWMI)coupling in Polar Regions.Recent investigations focus on magnetic impulse(MI)events,traveling convection vortices(TCVs),and ultra-low frequency(ULF)waves in the coupled southern and northern hemispheres.
基金provided by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research Canada Graduate Scholarshipsthe Michael Smith Foreign Study Supplement program (Funding number:162728)
文摘Background Although previous studies have examined the effects of exercise training on other International Classification of Functioning,Disability and Health(ICF)component levels in persons with multiple sclerosis(MS),the effects of exercise training on participation remain unclear.The objectives of this review were to:(1)characterize systematically the use of outcome measures that capture participation in exercise training studies;(2)quantify the effect of exercise training on participation in persons with MS.Methods A search of 6 electronic databases(CINAHL,SPORTDiscuss,Embase,MEDLINE,Cochrane Central,and Scopus)was conducted to identify controlled and noncontrolled trials involving exercise training and participation in persons with MS.Search strings were built from Medical Subject Headings and CINAHL headings.ICF linking rules were used to identify participation chapters and categories captured.Meta-analysis was used to quantify the effect of exercise training on participation in randomized controlled trials comparing exercise effects to no intervention/usual care.Results We included 49 articles involving controlled and noncontrolled exercise trials in the systematic review of outcome measures.We captured 16 different outcome measures that captured all 9 participation chapters and identified 89 unique participation categories.Across these 16 outcome measures,mobility was the most commonly represented participation chapter,with 108 items.A subsample of 23 randomized controlled trials was included in the meta-analysis.An overall effect of 0.60(standard error=0.12,95%confidence interval:0.36-0.84,z=4.9,p<0.001)was calculated,indicating a moderate,positive effect of exercise training on participation.Conclusion The current review provides information that can be used to guide the selection of outcome measures that capture participation in studies of exercise training in persons with MS.Exercise training has a positive effect on outcomes that capture participation,providing further evidence for the role of exercise training in promoting and maintaining engagement in everyday life.
