Two cotton research institute(CRI)near-isogenic lines,CRI-12 glanded and CRI-12 glandless,were used to pinpoint potential genes and metabolic pathways linked to gossypol biosynthesis through transcriptome sequencing.W...Two cotton research institute(CRI)near-isogenic lines,CRI-12 glanded and CRI-12 glandless,were used to pinpoint potential genes and metabolic pathways linked to gossypol biosynthesis through transcriptome sequencing.We discovered more than 235 million clean reads and 1,184 differentially expressed genes(DEGs).Consecutively,we conducted a weighted gene co-expression network analysis and found a strong correlation between white and yellow modules containing GhTPS(GH_D09G0090)and GhCYP(GH_D05G2016)hub genes with the gossypol content.Importance of the GhTPS and GhCYP genes was demonstrated using RT-qPCR,virusinduced gene silencing(VIGS),and target metabolite analysis.Silencing these genes resulted in fewer glands on both leaves and stems two weeks after the infection compared to the wild type.In addition,152 metabolites were identified through targeted metabolite profiling.Differential metabolite screening revealed 12 and 18 significantly different metabolites in TRV:GhTPS and TRV:GhCYP plants vs.the control group,respectively,showing a reduction in the accumulation of metabolites compared to the control.Content of hemigossypol,the final product of gossypol biosynthesis,was also reduced,as revealed by target metabolite analysis,suggesting the role of these genes in the gossypol biosynthetic pathway.Furthermore,a highly significant difference in gossypol content between the glanded and glandless lines was recorded.Findings of this study reveal a strong link between the gossypol content and GhTPS and GhCYP hub genes,suggesting their role in the gossypol biosynthetic pathway to reduce the accumulation of hemigossypol,which may offer new comprehension into the regulatory checkpoints of the gossypol biosynthesis pathway in cotton.展开更多
Poor land use management and practice inhibit the growth and establishment of tree seedlings in dryland areas.We assessed arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AM)status of Faidherbia albida(Del.)A.Chev.trees grown on differen...Poor land use management and practice inhibit the growth and establishment of tree seedlings in dryland areas.We assessed arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AM)status of Faidherbia albida(Del.)A.Chev.trees grown on different land uses.We quantified the growth and nutrient uptake of F.albida seedlings inoculated with AM from different sources.These efforts were based on soil and fine root samples from the rhizosphere soils of F.albida trees.AM root colonization was determined using the gridline intersect method.Spores were extracted by the wet sieving and decanting method and identified to genus level.The seedling experiment had a completely randomized onefactorial design with four treatments and five replications.Faidherbida albida seedlings were grown in a greenhouse.All in situ F.albida trees were colonized by AM fungi.AM root colonization of F.albida trees was significantly higher(P<0.0086)in area exclosures than on lands used for grazing or cultivation.Spore abundance was significantly higher(P<0.0014)in area exclosures followed by cultivated land and grazing land.Glomus was the dominant genus in all land-uses.AM-inoculated F.albida seedlings grew better(P<0.05)than non-inoculated controls.Seedlings inoculated with AM from area exclosure had significantly(P<0.05)higher growth and nutrient uptake than those inoculated with AM from grazing and cultivated land.This emphasizes the importance of the native soil AM potential for better establishment of seedlings to achieve optimum plant growth improvement and assist in rehabilitation of degraded arid lands.展开更多
Common farming practices in sub-Saharan Africa(SSA)such as intensive and repeated tillage,complete crop residue removal,and biomass burning create risks of soil degradation.To reduce these risks,conservation agricultu...Common farming practices in sub-Saharan Africa(SSA)such as intensive and repeated tillage,complete crop residue removal,and biomass burning create risks of soil degradation.To reduce these risks,conservation agriculture(CA)uses minimal soil disturbance,crop residue retention,and crop rotation in order to reduce soil erosion,improve soil quality and crop production,and facilitate climate change mitigation and adaptation.Nevertheless,CA adoption in SSA is extremely low.This paper aims to review current practices,challenges,and constraints to the adoption of CA in SSA.Our analyses show that CA is practiced in only about 1.25%of the total cultivated area in SSA,despite two decades of efforts to promote CA adoption among smallholder farmers.Specific difficulties in CA adoption by smallholder farmers in SSA may be attributed to i)lack of locally adaptable CA systems,particularly those integrating the needs of livestock production;ii)lack of adequate crop residues for surface mulch;iii)inconsistent and low crop yields;iv)lack of smallholder CA equipment for direct sowing;v)limited availability,high cost,and inadequate knowledge associated with the use of appropriate fertilizer and herbicides;and vi)lack of CA knowledge and training.Other problems relate to the management of specific soil orders,e.g.,CA implementation on steeply sloping land and poorly drained soils such as Vertisols.CA adoption by smallholder farmers is also obstructed by socio-economic factors due to smallholder farmers’focus on short term yield increases and their lack of access to markets,loans,and education.To facilitate wider adoption by smallholder farmers in SSA,CA approaches should be downscaled to fit the existing tillage tools and the specific agroecological and socio-economic farm settings.展开更多
基金financial help from the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFE0101200)the Key Research and Development Project of Jiangsu Province,China(Modern Agriculture,BE2022364)+1 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization Open Fund,China(CB2024A06)support of the Ministry of Science,Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia(451-03-66/2024-03/200007)。
文摘Two cotton research institute(CRI)near-isogenic lines,CRI-12 glanded and CRI-12 glandless,were used to pinpoint potential genes and metabolic pathways linked to gossypol biosynthesis through transcriptome sequencing.We discovered more than 235 million clean reads and 1,184 differentially expressed genes(DEGs).Consecutively,we conducted a weighted gene co-expression network analysis and found a strong correlation between white and yellow modules containing GhTPS(GH_D09G0090)and GhCYP(GH_D05G2016)hub genes with the gossypol content.Importance of the GhTPS and GhCYP genes was demonstrated using RT-qPCR,virusinduced gene silencing(VIGS),and target metabolite analysis.Silencing these genes resulted in fewer glands on both leaves and stems two weeks after the infection compared to the wild type.In addition,152 metabolites were identified through targeted metabolite profiling.Differential metabolite screening revealed 12 and 18 significantly different metabolites in TRV:GhTPS and TRV:GhCYP plants vs.the control group,respectively,showing a reduction in the accumulation of metabolites compared to the control.Content of hemigossypol,the final product of gossypol biosynthesis,was also reduced,as revealed by target metabolite analysis,suggesting the role of these genes in the gossypol biosynthetic pathway.Furthermore,a highly significant difference in gossypol content between the glanded and glandless lines was recorded.Findings of this study reveal a strong link between the gossypol content and GhTPS and GhCYP hub genes,suggesting their role in the gossypol biosynthetic pathway to reduce the accumulation of hemigossypol,which may offer new comprehension into the regulatory checkpoints of the gossypol biosynthesis pathway in cotton.
基金supported by the Steps towards sustainable forest management with the local communities in Tigraynorthern Ethiopia at Mekelle University funded by NORAD/NORHED(ETH 13/0018)program+1 种基金Mekelle UniversityNORADⅢproject
文摘Poor land use management and practice inhibit the growth and establishment of tree seedlings in dryland areas.We assessed arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AM)status of Faidherbia albida(Del.)A.Chev.trees grown on different land uses.We quantified the growth and nutrient uptake of F.albida seedlings inoculated with AM from different sources.These efforts were based on soil and fine root samples from the rhizosphere soils of F.albida trees.AM root colonization was determined using the gridline intersect method.Spores were extracted by the wet sieving and decanting method and identified to genus level.The seedling experiment had a completely randomized onefactorial design with four treatments and five replications.Faidherbida albida seedlings were grown in a greenhouse.All in situ F.albida trees were colonized by AM fungi.AM root colonization of F.albida trees was significantly higher(P<0.0086)in area exclosures than on lands used for grazing or cultivation.Spore abundance was significantly higher(P<0.0014)in area exclosures followed by cultivated land and grazing land.Glomus was the dominant genus in all land-uses.AM-inoculated F.albida seedlings grew better(P<0.05)than non-inoculated controls.Seedlings inoculated with AM from area exclosure had significantly(P<0.05)higher growth and nutrient uptake than those inoculated with AM from grazing and cultivated land.This emphasizes the importance of the native soil AM potential for better establishment of seedlings to achieve optimum plant growth improvement and assist in rehabilitation of degraded arid lands.
基金funded by TWAS-DFG Cooperation Visits Programme in Germanysupport from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under Germany's Excellence Strategy,EXC-2070-390732324-PhenoRob.
文摘Common farming practices in sub-Saharan Africa(SSA)such as intensive and repeated tillage,complete crop residue removal,and biomass burning create risks of soil degradation.To reduce these risks,conservation agriculture(CA)uses minimal soil disturbance,crop residue retention,and crop rotation in order to reduce soil erosion,improve soil quality and crop production,and facilitate climate change mitigation and adaptation.Nevertheless,CA adoption in SSA is extremely low.This paper aims to review current practices,challenges,and constraints to the adoption of CA in SSA.Our analyses show that CA is practiced in only about 1.25%of the total cultivated area in SSA,despite two decades of efforts to promote CA adoption among smallholder farmers.Specific difficulties in CA adoption by smallholder farmers in SSA may be attributed to i)lack of locally adaptable CA systems,particularly those integrating the needs of livestock production;ii)lack of adequate crop residues for surface mulch;iii)inconsistent and low crop yields;iv)lack of smallholder CA equipment for direct sowing;v)limited availability,high cost,and inadequate knowledge associated with the use of appropriate fertilizer and herbicides;and vi)lack of CA knowledge and training.Other problems relate to the management of specific soil orders,e.g.,CA implementation on steeply sloping land and poorly drained soils such as Vertisols.CA adoption by smallholder farmers is also obstructed by socio-economic factors due to smallholder farmers’focus on short term yield increases and their lack of access to markets,loans,and education.To facilitate wider adoption by smallholder farmers in SSA,CA approaches should be downscaled to fit the existing tillage tools and the specific agroecological and socio-economic farm settings.
