Tungsten heavy alloys have come up as one of the best alternatives for high density fragmenting devices and armor piercing ammunition.Machining is mandatory for obtaining the final shapes of such kind of ammunitions.H...Tungsten heavy alloys have come up as one of the best alternatives for high density fragmenting devices and armor piercing ammunition.Machining is mandatory for obtaining the final shapes of such kind of ammunitions.However,due to high density and elastic stiffness of WHAs,cutting forces will be higher than for most of the metals and alloys;thus,making the machining operation challenging.The machining variable,namely,cutting force components are significantly influenced by the cutting parameters.This paper makes use of Oxley’s predictive analytical model in conjunction with Johnson-Cook constitutive equation to predict forces under different speed and feed combinations during machining of 95 W tungsten heavy alloy.The cutting forces,so predicted by Ml,are considered as input data for the optimization of cutting parameters(cutting speed and feed)using Response Surface Method(RSM).展开更多
BACKGROUND The lymphatic system is crucial in maintaining the body fluid homeostasis.A dysfunctional lymphatic system may contribute to the refractoriness of ascites and edema in cirrhosis patients.Therefore,assessmen...BACKGROUND The lymphatic system is crucial in maintaining the body fluid homeostasis.A dysfunctional lymphatic system may contribute to the refractoriness of ascites and edema in cirrhosis patients.Therefore,assessment of lymphatic dysfunction in cirrhosis patients with refractory ascites(RA)can be crucial as it would call for using different strategies for fluid mobilization.AIM To assessing the magnitude,spectrum,and clinical associations of lymphatic dysfunction in liver cirrhosis patients with RA.METHODS This observational study included 155 consecutive cirrhosis patients with RA.The presence of clinical signs of lymphedema,such as peau d’orange appearance and positive Stemmer sign,intestinal lymphangiectasia(IL)on duodenal biopsy seen as dilated vessels in the lamina propria with strong D2-40 immunohistochemistry,and chylous ascites were used to diagnose the overt lymphatic dysfunctions.RESULTS A total of 69(44.5%)patients out of 155 had evidence of lymphatic dysfunction.Peripheral lymphedema,found in 52(33.5%)patients,was the most common manifestation,followed by IL in 42(27.0%)patients,and chylous ascites in 2(1.9%)patients.Compared to patients without lymphedema,those with lymphedema had higher mean age,median model for end-stage liver disease scores,mean body mass index,mean ascitic fluid triglyceride levels,and proportion of patients with hypoproteinemia(serum total protein<5 g/dL)and lymphocytopenia(<15%of total leukocyte count).Patients with IL also had a higher prevalence of lymphocytopenia and hypoproteinemia(28.6%vs.9.1%,P=0.004).Seven(13%)patients with lymphedema had lower limb cellulitis compared to none in those without it.On multivariate regression analysis,factors independently associated with lymphatic dysfunction included obesity[odds ratio(OR):4.2,95%confidence intervals(95%CI):1.1–15.2,P=0.027],lymphocytopenia[OR:6.2,95%CI:2.9–13.2,P<0.001],and hypoproteinemia[OR:3.7,95%CI:1.5–8.82,P=0.003].CONCLUSION Lymphatic dysfunction is common in cirrhosis patients with RA.Significant indicators of its presence include hypoproteinemia and lymphocytopenia,which are likely due to the loss of lymphatic fluid from the circulation.Future efforts to mobilize fluid in these patients should focus on methods to improve lymphatic drainage.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the pharmacognostic characters of an important medicinal plant, Holoptelcu integrifolia(H.integrifolia) Roxb.Methods:The pharmacognostic studies were carried out in terms of organoleptic,microsco...Objective:To evaluate the pharmacognostic characters of an important medicinal plant, Holoptelcu integrifolia(H.integrifolia) Roxb.Methods:The pharmacognostic studies were carried out in terms of organoleptic,microscopic,macroscopic and fluorescence analysis.Results: The characteristic microscopic features of leaves were observed as trichomes,multicellular trichomes,xylem cells,phloem cells,collenchyma,vascular bundles,spongy parenchyma and palisade cells.The characteristic microscopic features of root bark included cork cambium, primary cortex,phloem fibers,medullary rays,endodermis,pericycle and lignified fibers in the transverse section and longitudinal section.The characteristic microscopy of root bark powder showed the presence of cortex cells,sieve tubes,calcium oxalate crystals and lignified fibers. Macroscopic study showed that leaf shape-oval,apex-acute,base-cordate and leaf margin was entire with glabrous surface,bitter taste and characteristic odour.The morphological features of root bark showed deep fissured,rough and firm surface with rhitydome and the periderm parallel to cambium.Conclusions:Various pharmacognostic characters observed in this study help in the identification and standardization of H.integrifolia.展开更多
Objective:To present a detailed pharmacognostic study of the leaf of Cayratia trifolia(C.trifolia)Linn.(Vitaceae),an important plant in the Indian system of medicine.Methods:The macroscopy,microscopy,physiochemical an...Objective:To present a detailed pharmacognostic study of the leaf of Cayratia trifolia(C.trifolia)Linn.(Vitaceae),an important plant in the Indian system of medicine.Methods:The macroscopy,microscopy,physiochemical analysis,preliminary testing,fluorescence analysis of powder of the plant and other WHO recommended methods for standardization were investigated.Results:Leaves are trifoliolated with petioles(2-3 cm)long.Leaflets are ovate to oblong-ovate,(2-8 cm)long,(1.5-5 cm)wide,pointed at the tip.The leaf surface shows the anisocytic type stomata covered with guard cells followed by epidermis layer.Leaf surface contents including veins.vein islet and vein termination were also determined.Transverse section of leaf shows the epidermis layer followed by cuticle layer and vascular bandies(xylem and phloem).The mesophyll is differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma.Abundant covering trichomes emerge from the upper epidermis.Trichomes are uniseriate and multicellular.Strips of collenchyma are present below and upper layer of epidermis.Conclusions:It can be concluded that the pharmacognostic profile of the C.trifolia is helpful in developing standards for quality,purity and sample identification.展开更多
In our previous work, we developed a model to study the effects of rotation and/or tidal distortions on anharmonic radial oscillations and hence on the radial velocity curves of the polytropic models of pulsating vari...In our previous work, we developed a model to study the effects of rotation and/or tidal distortions on anharmonic radial oscillations and hence on the radial velocity curves of the polytropic models of pulsating variable stars.We considered the first three modes(fundamental and the next two higher modes) for the polytropic models of index 1.5 and 3.0 in that work.In the present paper, we are further extending our previous work to study the effect of the interaction of various modes on anharmonic radial oscillations and hence on radial velocity curves of the rotationally and/or tidally distorted polytropic models of pulsating variable stars.For this purpose, we have considered the following cases:(i) fundamental mode(ii) fundamental and the first mode,(iii) fundamental and the next two modes and finally(iv) fundamental and the next three higher modes of pulsation in our study.The objective of this paper is also to investigate whether the interaction of various modes affects the results of our previous study or not.The results of this study show that the interaction of the fundamental mode with higher modes appreciably changes the shape of the radial velocity curve of rotationally distorted and rotationally and tidally distorted polytropic models of pulsating variable stars.展开更多
Anharmonic oscillations of rotating stars have been studied by various authors in literature to explain the observed features of certain variable stars. However, there is no study available in literature that has disc...Anharmonic oscillations of rotating stars have been studied by various authors in literature to explain the observed features of certain variable stars. However, there is no study available in literature that has discussed the combined effect of rotation and tidal distortions on the anharmonic oscillations of stars. In this paper, we have created a model to determine the effect of rotation and tidal distortions on the anharmonic radial oscillations associated with various polytropic models of pulsating variable stars. For this study we have used the theory of Rosseland to obtain the anharmonic pulsation equation for rotationally and tidally distorted polytropic models of pulsating variable stars. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of rotation and tidal distortions on the shapes of the radial velocity curves for rotationally and tidally distorted polytropic models of pulsating variable stars. The results of the present study show that the rotational effects cause more deviations in the shapes of radial velocity curves of pulsating variable stars as compared to tidal effects.展开更多
文摘Tungsten heavy alloys have come up as one of the best alternatives for high density fragmenting devices and armor piercing ammunition.Machining is mandatory for obtaining the final shapes of such kind of ammunitions.However,due to high density and elastic stiffness of WHAs,cutting forces will be higher than for most of the metals and alloys;thus,making the machining operation challenging.The machining variable,namely,cutting force components are significantly influenced by the cutting parameters.This paper makes use of Oxley’s predictive analytical model in conjunction with Johnson-Cook constitutive equation to predict forces under different speed and feed combinations during machining of 95 W tungsten heavy alloy.The cutting forces,so predicted by Ml,are considered as input data for the optimization of cutting parameters(cutting speed and feed)using Response Surface Method(RSM).
文摘BACKGROUND The lymphatic system is crucial in maintaining the body fluid homeostasis.A dysfunctional lymphatic system may contribute to the refractoriness of ascites and edema in cirrhosis patients.Therefore,assessment of lymphatic dysfunction in cirrhosis patients with refractory ascites(RA)can be crucial as it would call for using different strategies for fluid mobilization.AIM To assessing the magnitude,spectrum,and clinical associations of lymphatic dysfunction in liver cirrhosis patients with RA.METHODS This observational study included 155 consecutive cirrhosis patients with RA.The presence of clinical signs of lymphedema,such as peau d’orange appearance and positive Stemmer sign,intestinal lymphangiectasia(IL)on duodenal biopsy seen as dilated vessels in the lamina propria with strong D2-40 immunohistochemistry,and chylous ascites were used to diagnose the overt lymphatic dysfunctions.RESULTS A total of 69(44.5%)patients out of 155 had evidence of lymphatic dysfunction.Peripheral lymphedema,found in 52(33.5%)patients,was the most common manifestation,followed by IL in 42(27.0%)patients,and chylous ascites in 2(1.9%)patients.Compared to patients without lymphedema,those with lymphedema had higher mean age,median model for end-stage liver disease scores,mean body mass index,mean ascitic fluid triglyceride levels,and proportion of patients with hypoproteinemia(serum total protein<5 g/dL)and lymphocytopenia(<15%of total leukocyte count).Patients with IL also had a higher prevalence of lymphocytopenia and hypoproteinemia(28.6%vs.9.1%,P=0.004).Seven(13%)patients with lymphedema had lower limb cellulitis compared to none in those without it.On multivariate regression analysis,factors independently associated with lymphatic dysfunction included obesity[odds ratio(OR):4.2,95%confidence intervals(95%CI):1.1–15.2,P=0.027],lymphocytopenia[OR:6.2,95%CI:2.9–13.2,P<0.001],and hypoproteinemia[OR:3.7,95%CI:1.5–8.82,P=0.003].CONCLUSION Lymphatic dysfunction is common in cirrhosis patients with RA.Significant indicators of its presence include hypoproteinemia and lymphocytopenia,which are likely due to the loss of lymphatic fluid from the circulation.Future efforts to mobilize fluid in these patients should focus on methods to improve lymphatic drainage.
基金financially supported by University Grants Committee,New Delhi(grant No.39-955/2010SR)
文摘Objective:To evaluate the pharmacognostic characters of an important medicinal plant, Holoptelcu integrifolia(H.integrifolia) Roxb.Methods:The pharmacognostic studies were carried out in terms of organoleptic,microscopic,macroscopic and fluorescence analysis.Results: The characteristic microscopic features of leaves were observed as trichomes,multicellular trichomes,xylem cells,phloem cells,collenchyma,vascular bundles,spongy parenchyma and palisade cells.The characteristic microscopic features of root bark included cork cambium, primary cortex,phloem fibers,medullary rays,endodermis,pericycle and lignified fibers in the transverse section and longitudinal section.The characteristic microscopy of root bark powder showed the presence of cortex cells,sieve tubes,calcium oxalate crystals and lignified fibers. Macroscopic study showed that leaf shape-oval,apex-acute,base-cordate and leaf margin was entire with glabrous surface,bitter taste and characteristic odour.The morphological features of root bark showed deep fissured,rough and firm surface with rhitydome and the periderm parallel to cambium.Conclusions:Various pharmacognostic characters observed in this study help in the identification and standardization of H.integrifolia.
基金Supported by a grant from University Grants Committee,New Delhi(grant No.39-955/2010 SR)
文摘Objective:To present a detailed pharmacognostic study of the leaf of Cayratia trifolia(C.trifolia)Linn.(Vitaceae),an important plant in the Indian system of medicine.Methods:The macroscopy,microscopy,physiochemical analysis,preliminary testing,fluorescence analysis of powder of the plant and other WHO recommended methods for standardization were investigated.Results:Leaves are trifoliolated with petioles(2-3 cm)long.Leaflets are ovate to oblong-ovate,(2-8 cm)long,(1.5-5 cm)wide,pointed at the tip.The leaf surface shows the anisocytic type stomata covered with guard cells followed by epidermis layer.Leaf surface contents including veins.vein islet and vein termination were also determined.Transverse section of leaf shows the epidermis layer followed by cuticle layer and vascular bandies(xylem and phloem).The mesophyll is differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma.Abundant covering trichomes emerge from the upper epidermis.Trichomes are uniseriate and multicellular.Strips of collenchyma are present below and upper layer of epidermis.Conclusions:It can be concluded that the pharmacognostic profile of the C.trifolia is helpful in developing standards for quality,purity and sample identification.
基金the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) for the financial support
文摘In our previous work, we developed a model to study the effects of rotation and/or tidal distortions on anharmonic radial oscillations and hence on the radial velocity curves of the polytropic models of pulsating variable stars.We considered the first three modes(fundamental and the next two higher modes) for the polytropic models of index 1.5 and 3.0 in that work.In the present paper, we are further extending our previous work to study the effect of the interaction of various modes on anharmonic radial oscillations and hence on radial velocity curves of the rotationally and/or tidally distorted polytropic models of pulsating variable stars.For this purpose, we have considered the following cases:(i) fundamental mode(ii) fundamental and the first mode,(iii) fundamental and the next two modes and finally(iv) fundamental and the next three higher modes of pulsation in our study.The objective of this paper is also to investigate whether the interaction of various modes affects the results of our previous study or not.The results of this study show that the interaction of the fundamental mode with higher modes appreciably changes the shape of the radial velocity curve of rotationally distorted and rotationally and tidally distorted polytropic models of pulsating variable stars.
文摘Anharmonic oscillations of rotating stars have been studied by various authors in literature to explain the observed features of certain variable stars. However, there is no study available in literature that has discussed the combined effect of rotation and tidal distortions on the anharmonic oscillations of stars. In this paper, we have created a model to determine the effect of rotation and tidal distortions on the anharmonic radial oscillations associated with various polytropic models of pulsating variable stars. For this study we have used the theory of Rosseland to obtain the anharmonic pulsation equation for rotationally and tidally distorted polytropic models of pulsating variable stars. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of rotation and tidal distortions on the shapes of the radial velocity curves for rotationally and tidally distorted polytropic models of pulsating variable stars. The results of the present study show that the rotational effects cause more deviations in the shapes of radial velocity curves of pulsating variable stars as compared to tidal effects.
