This study presents the thermal comfort and hygrothermal performance of building envelope of the first certified passive single-family detached house in Estonia.Temperature and humidity conditions were measured from d...This study presents the thermal comfort and hygrothermal performance of building envelope of the first certified passive single-family detached house in Estonia.Temperature and humidity conditions were measured from different rooms and building envelopes.This article presents analysis of measurement results during the first year after construction.Results showed high room temperature,achieved mainly due to large windows with southern exposure and the small heat loss of the building envelope.High indoor temperature decreased the indoor RH(relative humidity)to quite low levels.Even the RH was low,the moisture excess was high indicating that the design of PH(passive houses)indoor humidity loads cannot be decreased.Humidity in the externally insulated cross-laminated timber panels was observed to be high,caused by drying out of the constructional moisture and the high diffusion resistance of the wood fibre sheathing board.That caused water vapour condensation and risk for mould growth.In conclusion,while planning buildings with high-energy efficiency,more focused attention should be paid to the performance of the building service systems and moisture safety already in the preliminary stages of design.展开更多
A simple calculator for early stage energy performance assessment in residential buildings was developed and partially validated in this study. The calculator is based on the correlation of heat loss and energy need f...A simple calculator for early stage energy performance assessment in residential buildings was developed and partially validated in this study. The calculator is based on the correlation of heat loss and energy need for heating and has fixed internal heat gains as intended for compliance assessment. With the calculator, the effect of any parameter implemented can be immediately seen on delivered and primary energy. Because of simple equations, it is suitable for implementation into CAD （computer aided design） design tools including basic BIM （building information modeling） data. Results showed that the accuracy of the correlation for the cases with practical relevance was not worse than 14% of the energy need of space heating. This applies for passive house insulation level; for less insulated building envelopes, the deviations were smaller. This 14% equals to only 3 kWh/（m2.a）, i.e., the percentage difference in the total delivered and primary energy was much lower because of other components in the energy balance. The deviations determined were implemented in the calculator as safety margin. Results prove that simple energy performance assessment based on specific heat loss coefficient is well justified for early stage energy analyses as well as for compliance assessment implemented in Estonian regulation.展开更多
基金supported by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fundthe“Reducing the Environmental Impact of Buildings through Improvements of Energy Performance,AR12059”(financed by SA Archimedes)IUT1-15 project“Nearly-Zero Energy Solutions and Their Implementation on Deep Renovation of Buildings”(financed by the Estonian Research Council).
文摘This study presents the thermal comfort and hygrothermal performance of building envelope of the first certified passive single-family detached house in Estonia.Temperature and humidity conditions were measured from different rooms and building envelopes.This article presents analysis of measurement results during the first year after construction.Results showed high room temperature,achieved mainly due to large windows with southern exposure and the small heat loss of the building envelope.High indoor temperature decreased the indoor RH(relative humidity)to quite low levels.Even the RH was low,the moisture excess was high indicating that the design of PH(passive houses)indoor humidity loads cannot be decreased.Humidity in the externally insulated cross-laminated timber panels was observed to be high,caused by drying out of the constructional moisture and the high diffusion resistance of the wood fibre sheathing board.That caused water vapour condensation and risk for mould growth.In conclusion,while planning buildings with high-energy efficiency,more focused attention should be paid to the performance of the building service systems and moisture safety already in the preliminary stages of design.
文摘A simple calculator for early stage energy performance assessment in residential buildings was developed and partially validated in this study. The calculator is based on the correlation of heat loss and energy need for heating and has fixed internal heat gains as intended for compliance assessment. With the calculator, the effect of any parameter implemented can be immediately seen on delivered and primary energy. Because of simple equations, it is suitable for implementation into CAD （computer aided design） design tools including basic BIM （building information modeling） data. Results showed that the accuracy of the correlation for the cases with practical relevance was not worse than 14% of the energy need of space heating. This applies for passive house insulation level; for less insulated building envelopes, the deviations were smaller. This 14% equals to only 3 kWh/（m2.a）, i.e., the percentage difference in the total delivered and primary energy was much lower because of other components in the energy balance. The deviations determined were implemented in the calculator as safety margin. Results prove that simple energy performance assessment based on specific heat loss coefficient is well justified for early stage energy analyses as well as for compliance assessment implemented in Estonian regulation.
