Hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)was reported in May 2,2008 to be the 38th legally notifiable disease in China's National Notifiable Disease Reporting and Surveillance System.In order to solve the infection,an ext...Hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)was reported in May 2,2008 to be the 38th legally notifiable disease in China's National Notifiable Disease Reporting and Surveillance System.In order to solve the infection,an extensive three-level HFMD surveillance laboratory network was established.In this study,the framework of that network is assessed and the incidence of HFMD in China from 2008 to 2017 is reported using a descriptive epidemiologic method.During these 10 years,a series of techniques have been widely applied in all the network laboratories.Using information and material obtained from the network,a virus bank and database containing 18,238 viruses were established.Nationally,18,184,834 HFMD cases,including 152,436 severe cases and 3633 fatal cases,were reported in mainland of China.The average annual incidence in the population was 133.99/100,000 people,with a maximum incidence of 205.06/100,000 people in 2014.The incidence and mortality rates of HFMD were the highest in children aged 1–2 years.The numbers of reported cases fluctuated,with a high incidence observed every 2 years.An overall increase in the number of reported cases was also observed throughout the study period.Despite this,the incidence of severe cases and the mortality rate have been decreasing.High-risk regions are located in southern,eastern,and central China.Two peaks of HFMD infection cases were observed annually except for Northeast China.Different proportions of enterovirus serotypes were observed during the studied years.The predominant enterovirus varies from year to year,but the disease severity is always closely related to the specific serotype.EV-A71 is the dominant serotype associated with severe and fatal cases,with constituent ratios of 70.03%and 92.23%,respectively.The studied highly sensitive and efficient surveillance network provides information that is critical for prevention and control of the disease.It is extremely necessary and important to continuously conduct extensive virological surveillance for HFMD.展开更多
Introduction:Human sapovirus(HuSaV)is an enteric virus responsible for sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis(AGE)globally.A seven-year active surveillance study was conducted to investigate the molecul...Introduction:Human sapovirus(HuSaV)is an enteric virus responsible for sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis(AGE)globally.A seven-year active surveillance study was conducted to investigate the molecular epidemiology of HuSaVs associated with AGE outbreaks in Chaoyang District of Beijing Municipality,China from January 2015 to December 2021.Methods:Fecal and anal swab samples were obtained from patients experiencing AGE outbreaks.HuSaVs were identified through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),and partial viral protein 1(VP1)sequences(approximately 434 base pairs)were utilized for genotyping,single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)analysis,and phylogenetic examination.Results:HuSaVs were identified in 71 AGE outbreaks,demonstrating a detection rate of 10.5%,second only to norovirus.The primary demographic affected by HuSaV were children under the age of 5 in kindergarten settings.Infection rates tended to peak during two distinct periods:May to June and September to December.Upon genotyping,seven distinct genotypes emerged.GII.3 was the most prevalent,accounting for 54.9%of cases,followed by GI.1(12.7%),GI.2(9.9%),GII.5(7.0%),GI.5(2.8%),GI.6(1.4%),GII.1(1.4%),and untyped cases(9.9%).A phylogenetic analysis of GII.3 identified three distinct groups,with 15 notable SNPs observed.Conclusions:This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the persistent prevalence of HuSaV outbreaks in Chaoyang District,Beijing Municipality,China.Over time,the diversity of HuSaV subtypes has shifted,and it is now recognized as the second leading viral agent responsible for AGE outbreaks.This highlights the importance of ongoing surveillance in the future.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Key Technologies Research and Development Program from the Ministry of Science and Technology(grant numbers:2018ZX10713002,2017ZX10104001,and 2018ZX10713001-003).
文摘Hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)was reported in May 2,2008 to be the 38th legally notifiable disease in China's National Notifiable Disease Reporting and Surveillance System.In order to solve the infection,an extensive three-level HFMD surveillance laboratory network was established.In this study,the framework of that network is assessed and the incidence of HFMD in China from 2008 to 2017 is reported using a descriptive epidemiologic method.During these 10 years,a series of techniques have been widely applied in all the network laboratories.Using information and material obtained from the network,a virus bank and database containing 18,238 viruses were established.Nationally,18,184,834 HFMD cases,including 152,436 severe cases and 3633 fatal cases,were reported in mainland of China.The average annual incidence in the population was 133.99/100,000 people,with a maximum incidence of 205.06/100,000 people in 2014.The incidence and mortality rates of HFMD were the highest in children aged 1–2 years.The numbers of reported cases fluctuated,with a high incidence observed every 2 years.An overall increase in the number of reported cases was also observed throughout the study period.Despite this,the incidence of severe cases and the mortality rate have been decreasing.High-risk regions are located in southern,eastern,and central China.Two peaks of HFMD infection cases were observed annually except for Northeast China.Different proportions of enterovirus serotypes were observed during the studied years.The predominant enterovirus varies from year to year,but the disease severity is always closely related to the specific serotype.EV-A71 is the dominant serotype associated with severe and fatal cases,with constituent ratios of 70.03%and 92.23%,respectively.The studied highly sensitive and efficient surveillance network provides information that is critical for prevention and control of the disease.It is extremely necessary and important to continuously conduct extensive virological surveillance for HFMD.
基金Supported by the National Major Science&Technology Project(2019ZX09732002)the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFE0102400)+1 种基金Beijing Key Specialty Program for Major Epidemic Prevention and Control(2021)the Beijing Chaoyang District Science and Technology Project(CYSF2206).
文摘Introduction:Human sapovirus(HuSaV)is an enteric virus responsible for sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis(AGE)globally.A seven-year active surveillance study was conducted to investigate the molecular epidemiology of HuSaVs associated with AGE outbreaks in Chaoyang District of Beijing Municipality,China from January 2015 to December 2021.Methods:Fecal and anal swab samples were obtained from patients experiencing AGE outbreaks.HuSaVs were identified through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),and partial viral protein 1(VP1)sequences(approximately 434 base pairs)were utilized for genotyping,single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)analysis,and phylogenetic examination.Results:HuSaVs were identified in 71 AGE outbreaks,demonstrating a detection rate of 10.5%,second only to norovirus.The primary demographic affected by HuSaV were children under the age of 5 in kindergarten settings.Infection rates tended to peak during two distinct periods:May to June and September to December.Upon genotyping,seven distinct genotypes emerged.GII.3 was the most prevalent,accounting for 54.9%of cases,followed by GI.1(12.7%),GI.2(9.9%),GII.5(7.0%),GI.5(2.8%),GI.6(1.4%),GII.1(1.4%),and untyped cases(9.9%).A phylogenetic analysis of GII.3 identified three distinct groups,with 15 notable SNPs observed.Conclusions:This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the persistent prevalence of HuSaV outbreaks in Chaoyang District,Beijing Municipality,China.Over time,the diversity of HuSaV subtypes has shifted,and it is now recognized as the second leading viral agent responsible for AGE outbreaks.This highlights the importance of ongoing surveillance in the future.
