Background Piglets are highly susceptible to oxidative stress,which can reduce growth performance and cause intestinal damage.Piceatannol(PIC),a natural bioactive substance enriched in Chinese rhubarb(Rheum officinale...Background Piglets are highly susceptible to oxidative stress,which can reduce growth performance and cause intestinal damage.Piceatannol(PIC),a natural bioactive substance enriched in Chinese rhubarb(Rheum officinale)and certain dark purple fruits,shows excellent antioxidant properties in our previous cell-based high-throughput screening.However,its effect on piglet growth performance and antioxidant capacity as well as underling mechanism has not been thoroughly investigated.Methods One hundred weaned pigs(28 days of age,8.71±0.20 kg)were randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 5 replicates of 5 pigs per replicate.The experimental diets consisted of:1)basal diet,2)basal diet+100 mg/kg PIC,3)basal diet+200 mg/kg PIC,and 4)basal diet+300 mg/kg PIC.On d 15 and 35,one pig from each replicate was selected for sampling.The growth performance was monitored during a 35-day trial.In addition,H_(2)O_(2)-challenged IPEC-J2 cells served as an in vitro model to investigate the antioxidant mechanisms of PIC.IPEC-J2 cells were treated with 1,000μmol/L H_(2)O_(2)in the presence or absence of 10μmol/L PIC.Results Dietary PIC at 200 mg/kg significantly enhanced growth performance,as evidenced by increased average daily gain and feed conversion rate(P<0.05).PIC supplementation markedly improved systemic antioxidant capacity,with elevated serum total antioxidant capacity,catalase activity,and glutathione levels,along with reduced malondialdehyde content(P<0.05).Notably,PIC modulated the gut microbiota composition,increasing the amounts of beneficial genera(e.g.,Blautia and Faecalibacterium),and these microbial shifts significantly correlated with improved antioxidant indices.In vitro,PIC pretreatment effectively protected IPEC-J2 cells against H_(2)O_(2)-induced oxidative damage by reducing reactive oxygen species generation and lipid peroxidation(P<0.01).Mechanistically,PIC exerts its antioxidant effects through Nrf2 pathway activation,upregulating endogenous antioxidant enzymes(P<0.05)while simultaneously inhibiting apoptosis via the regulation of the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and caspase-3 cleavage(P<0.01).Conclusions PIC improved the growth performance and health status of weaned piglets through the regulation of Nrf2-mediated redox homeostasis and modulation of the related gut microbiota,offering a potential new natural antioxidants for mitigating weaning stress in piglets.展开更多
In the context of modern software development characterized by increasing complexity and compressed development cycles,traditional static vulnerability detection methods face prominent challenges including high false ...In the context of modern software development characterized by increasing complexity and compressed development cycles,traditional static vulnerability detection methods face prominent challenges including high false positive rates and missed detections of complex logic due to their over-reliance on rule templates.This paper proposes a Syntax-Aware Hierarchical Attention Network(SAHAN)model,which achieves high-precision vulnerability detection through grammar-rule-driven multi-granularity code slicing and hierarchical semantic fusion mechanisms.The SAHAN model first generates Syntax Independent Units(SIUs),which slices the code based on Abstract Syntax Tree(AST)and predefined grammar rules,retaining vulnerability-sensitive contexts.Following this,through a hierarchical attention mechanism,the local syntax-aware layer encodes fine-grained patterns within SIUs,while the global semantic correlation layer captures vulnerability chains across SIUs,achieving synergistic modeling of syntax and semantics.Experiments show that on benchmark datasets like QEMU,SAHAN significantly improves detection performance by 4.8%to 13.1%on average compared to baseline models such as Devign and VulDeePecker.展开更多
Background: Aging-induced cardiac hypertrophy and reduced skeletal muscle strength contribute to increased disease risk and life burden in the elderly. FNDC5 acts as a protective muscle factor in both cardiac and skel...Background: Aging-induced cardiac hypertrophy and reduced skeletal muscle strength contribute to increased disease risk and life burden in the elderly. FNDC5 acts as a protective muscle factor in both cardiac and skeletal muscle. This study aims to examine the relationship between cardiac FNDC5 and aging-related cardiac hypertrophy and decreased skeletal muscle strength. Methods: Male young C57BL/6 mice (5 months old, n = 6) and aged mice (21 months old, n = 6) were utilized in the study and housed in a specific pathogen-free (SPF) environment. Prior to the experiment, grip strength tests were performed on the mice, and heart tissues were collected for morphological analysis, including the assessment of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and fibronectin type III-containing structural domain 5 (FNDC5) protein levels. Furthermore, myosin heavy chain II (MyHC II), skeletal muscle-specific transcription factor (MyoD), muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF1), and FNDC5 levels were evaluated in the quadriceps muscle. The correlations between heart weight and FNDC5 expression levels, as well as skeletal muscle indices in the mice, were subsequently analyzed. Result: Aging leads to cardiac hypertrophy and reduced expression of PGC-1α and FNDC5 proteins. Concurrently, there is a decline in the strength of skeletal muscle, along with decreased expression of MyHC II and increased expression of MURF1 and MyoD. Correlation analysis demonstrated strong positive associations between myocardial FNDC5 protein levels and limb grip strength, as well as MyHC II, and strong negative associations with MyoD and MuRF1. Conclusion: There may be a significant association between aging-induced cardiac hypertrophy and decreased skeletal muscle strength, with FNDC5 potentially playing a crucial role as a regulatory molecule facilitating communication between the heart and skeletal muscle.展开更多
覆膜栽培技术具有保温保墒、除草抑盐、提升产量等积极作用,随之而来的农膜污染问题也日益加重。遥感技术可准确地获取大范围覆膜农田时空分布,能够为黑土地保护、农业环境改善提供数据支持。为系统梳理覆膜农田遥感分类的研究现状,本...覆膜栽培技术具有保温保墒、除草抑盐、提升产量等积极作用,随之而来的农膜污染问题也日益加重。遥感技术可准确地获取大范围覆膜农田时空分布,能够为黑土地保护、农业环境改善提供数据支持。为系统梳理覆膜农田遥感分类的研究现状,本文基于对中国知网(CNKI)与Web of Science(WOS)数据库的文献分析,从利用遥感技术监测覆膜农田出发,以常见遥感数据、特征提取、图像分类和信息融合4个方面综述覆膜农田遥感识别与分类的研究现状。结果表明:常见遥感数据中,中分辨率光学影像为主流数据源;光谱特征在提取效果优于纹理特征。传统机器学习方法中支持向量机与随机森林应用广泛,深度学习方法精度更高但依赖大量数据。多源信息融合能有效提高分类精度。目前研究仍面临“同谱异物”、混合像元及深度学习计算成本高等问题。未来应加强多源数据融合、轻量化模型开发及全生命周期农膜监测。本文归纳总结农膜覆盖农田遥感识别与分类研究的前沿问题与挑战,展望未来发展趋势和研究方向,为该领域监测技术手段的进步提供参考。展开更多
基金financially supported by the Innovation Capacity Building—Science and Technology Research Project of BAAFS(grant No.KJCX20251005)the Special Program on Science and Technology Innovation Capacity Building of BAAFS(grant No.KJCX 20240339)the National Key R&D Program of China(grant No.2022YFD130040311)。
文摘Background Piglets are highly susceptible to oxidative stress,which can reduce growth performance and cause intestinal damage.Piceatannol(PIC),a natural bioactive substance enriched in Chinese rhubarb(Rheum officinale)and certain dark purple fruits,shows excellent antioxidant properties in our previous cell-based high-throughput screening.However,its effect on piglet growth performance and antioxidant capacity as well as underling mechanism has not been thoroughly investigated.Methods One hundred weaned pigs(28 days of age,8.71±0.20 kg)were randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 5 replicates of 5 pigs per replicate.The experimental diets consisted of:1)basal diet,2)basal diet+100 mg/kg PIC,3)basal diet+200 mg/kg PIC,and 4)basal diet+300 mg/kg PIC.On d 15 and 35,one pig from each replicate was selected for sampling.The growth performance was monitored during a 35-day trial.In addition,H_(2)O_(2)-challenged IPEC-J2 cells served as an in vitro model to investigate the antioxidant mechanisms of PIC.IPEC-J2 cells were treated with 1,000μmol/L H_(2)O_(2)in the presence or absence of 10μmol/L PIC.Results Dietary PIC at 200 mg/kg significantly enhanced growth performance,as evidenced by increased average daily gain and feed conversion rate(P<0.05).PIC supplementation markedly improved systemic antioxidant capacity,with elevated serum total antioxidant capacity,catalase activity,and glutathione levels,along with reduced malondialdehyde content(P<0.05).Notably,PIC modulated the gut microbiota composition,increasing the amounts of beneficial genera(e.g.,Blautia and Faecalibacterium),and these microbial shifts significantly correlated with improved antioxidant indices.In vitro,PIC pretreatment effectively protected IPEC-J2 cells against H_(2)O_(2)-induced oxidative damage by reducing reactive oxygen species generation and lipid peroxidation(P<0.01).Mechanistically,PIC exerts its antioxidant effects through Nrf2 pathway activation,upregulating endogenous antioxidant enzymes(P<0.05)while simultaneously inhibiting apoptosis via the regulation of the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and caspase-3 cleavage(P<0.01).Conclusions PIC improved the growth performance and health status of weaned piglets through the regulation of Nrf2-mediated redox homeostasis and modulation of the related gut microbiota,offering a potential new natural antioxidants for mitigating weaning stress in piglets.
基金supported by the research start-up funds for invited doctor of Lanzhou University of Technology under Grant 14/062402。
文摘In the context of modern software development characterized by increasing complexity and compressed development cycles,traditional static vulnerability detection methods face prominent challenges including high false positive rates and missed detections of complex logic due to their over-reliance on rule templates.This paper proposes a Syntax-Aware Hierarchical Attention Network(SAHAN)model,which achieves high-precision vulnerability detection through grammar-rule-driven multi-granularity code slicing and hierarchical semantic fusion mechanisms.The SAHAN model first generates Syntax Independent Units(SIUs),which slices the code based on Abstract Syntax Tree(AST)and predefined grammar rules,retaining vulnerability-sensitive contexts.Following this,through a hierarchical attention mechanism,the local syntax-aware layer encodes fine-grained patterns within SIUs,while the global semantic correlation layer captures vulnerability chains across SIUs,achieving synergistic modeling of syntax and semantics.Experiments show that on benchmark datasets like QEMU,SAHAN significantly improves detection performance by 4.8%to 13.1%on average compared to baseline models such as Devign and VulDeePecker.
文摘Background: Aging-induced cardiac hypertrophy and reduced skeletal muscle strength contribute to increased disease risk and life burden in the elderly. FNDC5 acts as a protective muscle factor in both cardiac and skeletal muscle. This study aims to examine the relationship between cardiac FNDC5 and aging-related cardiac hypertrophy and decreased skeletal muscle strength. Methods: Male young C57BL/6 mice (5 months old, n = 6) and aged mice (21 months old, n = 6) were utilized in the study and housed in a specific pathogen-free (SPF) environment. Prior to the experiment, grip strength tests were performed on the mice, and heart tissues were collected for morphological analysis, including the assessment of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and fibronectin type III-containing structural domain 5 (FNDC5) protein levels. Furthermore, myosin heavy chain II (MyHC II), skeletal muscle-specific transcription factor (MyoD), muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF1), and FNDC5 levels were evaluated in the quadriceps muscle. The correlations between heart weight and FNDC5 expression levels, as well as skeletal muscle indices in the mice, were subsequently analyzed. Result: Aging leads to cardiac hypertrophy and reduced expression of PGC-1α and FNDC5 proteins. Concurrently, there is a decline in the strength of skeletal muscle, along with decreased expression of MyHC II and increased expression of MURF1 and MyoD. Correlation analysis demonstrated strong positive associations between myocardial FNDC5 protein levels and limb grip strength, as well as MyHC II, and strong negative associations with MyoD and MuRF1. Conclusion: There may be a significant association between aging-induced cardiac hypertrophy and decreased skeletal muscle strength, with FNDC5 potentially playing a crucial role as a regulatory molecule facilitating communication between the heart and skeletal muscle.
文摘覆膜栽培技术具有保温保墒、除草抑盐、提升产量等积极作用,随之而来的农膜污染问题也日益加重。遥感技术可准确地获取大范围覆膜农田时空分布,能够为黑土地保护、农业环境改善提供数据支持。为系统梳理覆膜农田遥感分类的研究现状,本文基于对中国知网(CNKI)与Web of Science(WOS)数据库的文献分析,从利用遥感技术监测覆膜农田出发,以常见遥感数据、特征提取、图像分类和信息融合4个方面综述覆膜农田遥感识别与分类的研究现状。结果表明:常见遥感数据中,中分辨率光学影像为主流数据源;光谱特征在提取效果优于纹理特征。传统机器学习方法中支持向量机与随机森林应用广泛,深度学习方法精度更高但依赖大量数据。多源信息融合能有效提高分类精度。目前研究仍面临“同谱异物”、混合像元及深度学习计算成本高等问题。未来应加强多源数据融合、轻量化模型开发及全生命周期农膜监测。本文归纳总结农膜覆盖农田遥感识别与分类研究的前沿问题与挑战,展望未来发展趋势和研究方向,为该领域监测技术手段的进步提供参考。
