Soybeans are key components in vegetable beverage production,generating two by-products:soybean hulls and okara.For every ton of soybeans,50-80 kg of hulls and 120 kg of okara are produced,being often discarded or use...Soybeans are key components in vegetable beverage production,generating two by-products:soybean hulls and okara.For every ton of soybeans,50-80 kg of hulls and 120 kg of okara are produced,being often discarded or used in low-value applications like fertilizers or feed.This study aims at characterizing their biochemical and nutritional profiles to assess their potential reintroduction into the food chain.Both by-products have high levels of protein and dietary fiber,mainly insoluble.Okara and hulls predominantly contain oleic acid and linoleic acid,respectively.Seventeen phenolic compounds,mainly isoflavones,were identified,with genistein as the main compound.Hulls exhibit superior antioxidant activity compared to okara.Neither extract showed cytotoxicity or anti-inflammatory effects and exhibited limited antimicrobial activity.However,both demonstrate prebiotic potential,promoting beneficial gut bacteria growth.The results suggest that these by-products have significant potential as new ingredients for their protein,isoflavone,and fiber content,alongside prebiotic properties.展开更多
Aiming at valorising the Eugenia involucrata residue,the present work aimed in investigating the chemical profile and in vitro bioactivities of the residue(EIR)and its individual parts,i.e.,seeds(EIS)and peels(EIP).Ch...Aiming at valorising the Eugenia involucrata residue,the present work aimed in investigating the chemical profile and in vitro bioactivities of the residue(EIR)and its individual parts,i.e.,seeds(EIS)and peels(EIP).Chromatographic analyses showed that EIP had the highest content of organic acids,tocopherols,and anthocyanins,whereas EIS was the richest in hydrolysable tannins.bis-HHDP-glucoside isomers and cyanidin-3-O-galactoside were the main detected phenolic compounds.By the cellular antioxidant activity(CAA)assay,the samples showed similar.antioxidant potential with 71%,77%,and 80%inhibition for EIP,EIR,and EIS,respectively,while EIS demonstrated the best antioxidant activity by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS,IC50=4.96μg/mL)and oxidative inhibition assay(OxHLIA,IC_(50)=40μg/mL).The samples were able to inhibit the growth of seven bacteria and two fungi.Between the microorganisms tested,all samples showed a strong antibacterial activity(MIC=0.156 mg/mL)against Yersinia enterocolitica and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(MIC=0.156-0.625 mg/mL).Moreover,they also display a high antifungal activity against Arpergillus brasiliensis(MIC=0.625 mg/mL).Furthermore,only EIR and EIS had anti-inflammatory effect via NO production inhibition(IC50=168-259μg/mL,respectively)and anti-proliferative activity towards four tumour and one non-tumour cell lines.These findings suggest that the biowaste generated during the processing of E.involucrata fruit has potential as a source of bioactive compounds.展开更多
基金supported by national funds through FCT/MCTES(PIDDAC):CIMO,UIDB/00690/2020(DOI:10.54499/UIDB/00690/2020)and UIDP/00690/2020(DOI:10.54499/UIDP/00690/2020)SusTEC,LA/P/0007/2020(DOI:10.54499/LA/P/0007/2020)+4 种基金national funding by FCT,P.I.,through the institutional and individual scientific employment program-contract for L.Barros(CEECINST,DOI:10.54499/CEECINST/00107/2021/CP2793/CT0002)R.Calhelha contracts,respectivelyresearch contract of T.Finimundy(VIIAFOOD project no.C644929456-00000040)T.C.S.P.Pires(VIIA-FOOD project no.C644929456-00000040)Rafael Mascoloti Spréa(2020.08092.BD).
文摘Soybeans are key components in vegetable beverage production,generating two by-products:soybean hulls and okara.For every ton of soybeans,50-80 kg of hulls and 120 kg of okara are produced,being often discarded or used in low-value applications like fertilizers or feed.This study aims at characterizing their biochemical and nutritional profiles to assess their potential reintroduction into the food chain.Both by-products have high levels of protein and dietary fiber,mainly insoluble.Okara and hulls predominantly contain oleic acid and linoleic acid,respectively.Seventeen phenolic compounds,mainly isoflavones,were identified,with genistein as the main compound.Hulls exhibit superior antioxidant activity compared to okara.Neither extract showed cytotoxicity or anti-inflammatory effects and exhibited limited antimicrobial activity.However,both demonstrate prebiotic potential,promoting beneficial gut bacteria growth.The results suggest that these by-products have significant potential as new ingredients for their protein,isoflavone,and fiber content,alongside prebiotic properties.
基金financial support through the mobilizing Project“Aquae Vitae—Thermal water as a source of life and health”,“PROMOVE–O futuro do Interior”call 2020.To FCT for the contracts of J.Pinela(CEECIND/01011/2018)R.C.Calhelha and L.Barros(CEEC Institutional)+2 种基金the PhD grants of B.R.Albuquerque(SFRH/BD/136370/2018 and COVID/BD/152908/2022)To the MICINN for the Juan de la Cierva Formaci´on contract for T.C.S.P.Pires(FJC20120-045405-I)R.C.G.Corrˆea is a research grant recipient of Cesumar Institute of Science,Technology,and Innovation(ICETI).
文摘Aiming at valorising the Eugenia involucrata residue,the present work aimed in investigating the chemical profile and in vitro bioactivities of the residue(EIR)and its individual parts,i.e.,seeds(EIS)and peels(EIP).Chromatographic analyses showed that EIP had the highest content of organic acids,tocopherols,and anthocyanins,whereas EIS was the richest in hydrolysable tannins.bis-HHDP-glucoside isomers and cyanidin-3-O-galactoside were the main detected phenolic compounds.By the cellular antioxidant activity(CAA)assay,the samples showed similar.antioxidant potential with 71%,77%,and 80%inhibition for EIP,EIR,and EIS,respectively,while EIS demonstrated the best antioxidant activity by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS,IC50=4.96μg/mL)and oxidative inhibition assay(OxHLIA,IC_(50)=40μg/mL).The samples were able to inhibit the growth of seven bacteria and two fungi.Between the microorganisms tested,all samples showed a strong antibacterial activity(MIC=0.156 mg/mL)against Yersinia enterocolitica and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(MIC=0.156-0.625 mg/mL).Moreover,they also display a high antifungal activity against Arpergillus brasiliensis(MIC=0.625 mg/mL).Furthermore,only EIR and EIS had anti-inflammatory effect via NO production inhibition(IC50=168-259μg/mL,respectively)and anti-proliferative activity towards four tumour and one non-tumour cell lines.These findings suggest that the biowaste generated during the processing of E.involucrata fruit has potential as a source of bioactive compounds.
