In this paper,an integrated guidance and control approach is presented to improve the performance of the missile interception.The approach includes damping augmented system with attitude rate feedback to decrease the ...In this paper,an integrated guidance and control approach is presented to improve the performance of the missile interception.The approach includes damping augmented system with attitude rate feedback to decrease the oscillation during the homing phase for missiles with low damping.In addition,physical constraints,which can affect the performance of the missile interception,such as acceleration limit,seeker’s look angle,and look angle rate constraints are considered.The integrated guidance and control problem is formulated as a convex quadratic optimization problem with equality and inequality constraints,and the solution is obtained by a primal–dual interior point method.The performance of the proposed method is verified through several numerical examples.展开更多
Objective This review aimed to systematically summarize and critically evaluate the clinical evidence for or against the effectiveness of acupuncture as a symptomatic therapy for uremic pruritus (UP) in end-stage rena...Objective This review aimed to systematically summarize and critically evaluate the clinical evidence for or against the effectiveness of acupuncture as a symptomatic therapy for uremic pruritus (UP) in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Materials and method: We searched 16 electronic databases from their inceptions to November 2009. All prospective clinical studies of needle acupuncture for uremic pruritus in hemodialysis patients with end-stage renal disease were included regardless of their design. Risk of bias of the included studies were assessed using the Cochrane criteria. Results Of 464 initially located articles, 458 studies were excluded. Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs), one non-randomized controlled trial (CCT) and two uncontrolled observational studies were included. In three RCTs, acupuncture was compared to sham-acupuncture (n=1), oral antihistamine plus topical ointment (n=1) and oral calcitriol (n=1). In one CCT, electroacupuncture (EA) was compared to superfi cial electrical stimulation. In two observational studies, EA (n=1) or manual acupuncture (n=1) were employed. Four of 6 included studies mentioned mild or no occurrence of adverse events. All of included trials reported benef icial effects of acupuncture. However, most of the studies showed high risk of bias, which leave their reports unconvincing. Conclusion The current evidence is insuffi cient to show that acupuncture is an effective treatment for uremic pruritus in patients with end-stage renal disease due to suboptimal quality and lack of methodological rigor of included studies. Future trials should overcome the limitations of the currently available evidence.展开更多
A 39-year-old male patient complaining of bilateral hand joint arthralgia was evaluated and found to have chronic hepatitis C and systemic sarcoidosis involving lung, skin, liver, and spleen. Hepatic and cutaneous sar...A 39-year-old male patient complaining of bilateral hand joint arthralgia was evaluated and found to have chronic hepatitis C and systemic sarcoidosis involving lung, skin, liver, and spleen. Hepatic and cutaneous sarcoidoses were confirmed by the presence of numerous noncaseating granulomas on histological examination. Pulmonary and splenic involvements were diagnosed by imaging studies. Fifteen months later, the sarcoidotic lesions in lung, liver, and spleen were resolved by radiological studies and a liver biopsy showed no granuloma but moderate to severe inflammatory activity, systemic sarcoidosis is a rare comorbidity of chronic hepatitis C which may spontaneously resolve.展开更多
In this study, we analyzed complete mtDNA sequences variation and genetic relationship among taurine, indicine and Bison groups. In total, 107 sequences from different breeds, 45 European (45 Italian), 16 Middle East ...In this study, we analyzed complete mtDNA sequences variation and genetic relationship among taurine, indicine and Bison groups. In total, 107 sequences from different breeds, 45 European (45 Italian), 16 Middle East Asian (seven Iranian and nine Iraqi), 41 Northeast Asian (34 Korean and seven Japanese), two Nellore (Bos indicus) and two American Bison bison (Ame. bison) were obtained from Gen-Bank database. One Korean Hanwoo (Bos taurus) sequence was generated using the SOLiDTM System. In total, 1370 polymorphic sites, representing 8.39% of the complete 107 mtDNA sequences (16,338 bp) were detected and of these, 1186 parsimony informative polymorphic sites were identified. Neighbor-joining tree indicated that Korean, Japanese, Iranian, Iraqi, and Italian cattle were closely related to one another, but are separated from B. Bison. The B. taurus mtDNA polymorphism was greater in the D-loop than in the other regions. The ATP8, ND3, ND5, and ND6 regions were also quite parsimony informative, similar to Cyt b. In addition, this study revealed a distinct genetic difference between Korean cattle and B. indicus.展开更多
The mixture of vinylaniline and 2-hydroxyethyl mrthacrylate mixed according to the mixing ratio, was allowed to stir in order to add functionality. ZnO nanoparticles, dispersed for approximately 1 hr in an ultrasonic ...The mixture of vinylaniline and 2-hydroxyethyl mrthacrylate mixed according to the mixing ratio, was allowed to stir in order to add functionality. ZnO nanoparticles, dispersed for approximately 1 hr in an ultrasonic bench top cleaner, were added to the mixture of monomers. Then the mixture at a mould was thermally polymerized to prepare high-performance hydrogel ophthalmic lens. The produced ophthalmic hydrogel lens was then put in 0.9% NaCl (normal saline solution) for 24 hrs for hydration, and various measurements were carried out. The surface analysis of ZnO nanoparticles dispersed in the macromolecular polymer was conducted using AFM (XE-100, Parks System). The produced hydrogel lens generally exhibited yellowish color, transparent and hydrophilic characteristics. Also, the contact lenses hydrated in standard saline solution generally exhibited the characteristics of flexibility and softness. The physical properties of the ophthalmic hydrogel lens material were measured. The refractive indexes of 1.359-1.423, water content of 37%-43%, and visible transmittance of 74%-82% were obtained.展开更多
Various acupuncture clinical trials have been conducted on migraine;however,the conclusions remain controversial especially when acupuncture was compared with sham acupuncture.Sham acupuncture is sometimes performed a...Various acupuncture clinical trials have been conducted on migraine;however,the conclusions remain controversial especially when acupuncture was compared with sham acupuncture.Sham acupuncture is sometimes performed at the same acupuncture points used for verum acupuncture despite the evidence on acupuncture point specificity.Four databases were searched for sham acupuncture or waiting list-controlled acupuncture trials for migraine on December 25,2023.Sham acupuncture was classified according to the needling points:sham acupuncture therapy at verum points(SATV)or at sham points(SATS).Network meta-analysis was performed based on the frequentist framework for headache pain intensity and response rate.A total of 18 studies involving 1936 participants were analyzed.Headache pain intensity and response rate were significantly improved in verum acupuncture compared with SATS.However,there was no significant difference between SATV and verum acupuncture.When comparing SATS and SATV,there was no significant difference in headache pain intensity and response rate;however,the results were in favor of SATV.The effect of the risk of bias on the certainty of evidence between verum and sham acupunctures was judged to be generally low.SATV should not be misused as a placebo control to evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture.展开更多
Objective：Moxibustion is currently used for treating diabetes mellitus（DM） as a non-drug intervention in East Asian countries.This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of moxibustion for managing th...Objective：Moxibustion is currently used for treating diabetes mellitus（DM） as a non-drug intervention in East Asian countries.This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of moxibustion for managing the symptoms of type 2 DM patients.Methods：We searched MEDLINE,AMED,EMBASE,CINAHL, The Cochrane Library,six Korean databases,and four Chinese databases.Risk of bias was used for evaluating the quality of the included studies.Results：A total of 5 studies met the inclusion criteria for this review.All of the included studies had high risks of bias.One randomized clinical trial（RCT） compared the effectiveness of one-time moxibustion use with oral administration of glibenclimide and showed the significant effects of moxibustion on glycemic control.Another RCT tested the effectiveness of moxibustion plus conventional treatment,and the moxibustion group reported significant improvement in fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels compared with the conventional treatment group.Two RCTs compared the effectiveness of moxibustion versus acupuncture or moxibustion plus acupuncture,and the combined treatment showed the most favorable effects on the control of blood glucose,urine glucose,and glycocylated hemoglobin A_（1C）（HbA_（1C））.One uncontrolled observational study showed favorable effects of moxibustion on the response rate.Conclusions：It is difficult to conclude that moxibustion is an effective intervention for the control of type 2 DM due to the scarcity of trials and the low methodological quality of included studies.Further rigorous RCTs may be necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of moxibustion for type 2 DM.展开更多
From the medical history of traditional Eastern Asian and Tibetan medicine, the origin and development of moxibustion seems to be closely related to Mongolia. To explore the current clinical practice of moxibustion in...From the medical history of traditional Eastern Asian and Tibetan medicine, the origin and development of moxibustion seems to be closely related to Mongolia. To explore the current clinical practice of moxibustion in Mongolia, we visited a teaching hospital, the Traditional Medical Science, Technology and Production Corporation of Mongolia, in February 2014. Many types of moxibustion are found to be used, and various modalities and methods are practiced based on the principles of traditional Mongolian medicine. In particular, Mongolian drug moxibustion, which uses small butter-warmed bags packed with powdered aromatic herbs instead of moxa cones, is a unique moxibustion technique not found in other countries. In this paper, we introduce the clinical practice of moxibustion, specifically Mongolian drug moxibustion in Mongolia.展开更多
An international brainstorming session on standardizing pattern identification(PI)was held at the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine on October 1,2013 in Daejeon,South Korea.This brainstorming session was convened t...An international brainstorming session on standardizing pattern identification(PI)was held at the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine on October 1,2013 in Daejeon,South Korea.This brainstorming session was convened to gather insights from international traditional East Asian medicine specialists regarding PI standardization.With eight presentations and discussion sessions,the meeting allowed participants to discuss research methods and diagnostic systems used in traditional medicine for PI.One speaker presented a talk titled"The diagnostic criteria for blood stasis syndrome:implications for standardization of PI".Four speakers presented on future strategies and objective measurement tools that could be used in PI research.Later,participants shared information and methodology for accurate diagnosis and PI.They also discussed the necessity for standardizing PI and methods for international collaborations in pattern research.展开更多
In comparison with previous researches of swirling flow, spiral flow generated in the spiral nozzle has some different flow characteristics. It does not need a forced tangential momentum to generate its velocity and h...In comparison with previous researches of swirling flow, spiral flow generated in the spiral nozzle has some different flow characteristics. It does not need a forced tangential momentum to generate its velocity and has some different merits from the swirling flow such as long potential core and low tangential velocity. In this study, the effect of nozzle geometry on the flow characteristics in spiral nozzle was investigated by experiment and computation. As a result, the flow characteristics obtained by experiment has a satisfactory agreement with computational results, quantitatively and qualitatively.展开更多
文摘In this paper,an integrated guidance and control approach is presented to improve the performance of the missile interception.The approach includes damping augmented system with attitude rate feedback to decrease the oscillation during the homing phase for missiles with low damping.In addition,physical constraints,which can affect the performance of the missile interception,such as acceleration limit,seeker’s look angle,and look angle rate constraints are considered.The integrated guidance and control problem is formulated as a convex quadratic optimization problem with equality and inequality constraints,and the solution is obtained by a primal–dual interior point method.The performance of the proposed method is verified through several numerical examples.
文摘Objective This review aimed to systematically summarize and critically evaluate the clinical evidence for or against the effectiveness of acupuncture as a symptomatic therapy for uremic pruritus (UP) in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Materials and method: We searched 16 electronic databases from their inceptions to November 2009. All prospective clinical studies of needle acupuncture for uremic pruritus in hemodialysis patients with end-stage renal disease were included regardless of their design. Risk of bias of the included studies were assessed using the Cochrane criteria. Results Of 464 initially located articles, 458 studies were excluded. Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs), one non-randomized controlled trial (CCT) and two uncontrolled observational studies were included. In three RCTs, acupuncture was compared to sham-acupuncture (n=1), oral antihistamine plus topical ointment (n=1) and oral calcitriol (n=1). In one CCT, electroacupuncture (EA) was compared to superfi cial electrical stimulation. In two observational studies, EA (n=1) or manual acupuncture (n=1) were employed. Four of 6 included studies mentioned mild or no occurrence of adverse events. All of included trials reported benef icial effects of acupuncture. However, most of the studies showed high risk of bias, which leave their reports unconvincing. Conclusion The current evidence is insuffi cient to show that acupuncture is an effective treatment for uremic pruritus in patients with end-stage renal disease due to suboptimal quality and lack of methodological rigor of included studies. Future trials should overcome the limitations of the currently available evidence.
文摘A 39-year-old male patient complaining of bilateral hand joint arthralgia was evaluated and found to have chronic hepatitis C and systemic sarcoidosis involving lung, skin, liver, and spleen. Hepatic and cutaneous sarcoidoses were confirmed by the presence of numerous noncaseating granulomas on histological examination. Pulmonary and splenic involvements were diagnosed by imaging studies. Fifteen months later, the sarcoidotic lesions in lung, liver, and spleen were resolved by radiological studies and a liver biopsy showed no granuloma but moderate to severe inflammatory activity, systemic sarcoidosis is a rare comorbidity of chronic hepatitis C which may spontaneously resolve.
文摘In this study, we analyzed complete mtDNA sequences variation and genetic relationship among taurine, indicine and Bison groups. In total, 107 sequences from different breeds, 45 European (45 Italian), 16 Middle East Asian (seven Iranian and nine Iraqi), 41 Northeast Asian (34 Korean and seven Japanese), two Nellore (Bos indicus) and two American Bison bison (Ame. bison) were obtained from Gen-Bank database. One Korean Hanwoo (Bos taurus) sequence was generated using the SOLiDTM System. In total, 1370 polymorphic sites, representing 8.39% of the complete 107 mtDNA sequences (16,338 bp) were detected and of these, 1186 parsimony informative polymorphic sites were identified. Neighbor-joining tree indicated that Korean, Japanese, Iranian, Iraqi, and Italian cattle were closely related to one another, but are separated from B. Bison. The B. taurus mtDNA polymorphism was greater in the D-loop than in the other regions. The ATP8, ND3, ND5, and ND6 regions were also quite parsimony informative, similar to Cyt b. In addition, this study revealed a distinct genetic difference between Korean cattle and B. indicus.
文摘The mixture of vinylaniline and 2-hydroxyethyl mrthacrylate mixed according to the mixing ratio, was allowed to stir in order to add functionality. ZnO nanoparticles, dispersed for approximately 1 hr in an ultrasonic bench top cleaner, were added to the mixture of monomers. Then the mixture at a mould was thermally polymerized to prepare high-performance hydrogel ophthalmic lens. The produced ophthalmic hydrogel lens was then put in 0.9% NaCl (normal saline solution) for 24 hrs for hydration, and various measurements were carried out. The surface analysis of ZnO nanoparticles dispersed in the macromolecular polymer was conducted using AFM (XE-100, Parks System). The produced hydrogel lens generally exhibited yellowish color, transparent and hydrophilic characteristics. Also, the contact lenses hydrated in standard saline solution generally exhibited the characteristics of flexibility and softness. The physical properties of the ophthalmic hydrogel lens material were measured. The refractive indexes of 1.359-1.423, water content of 37%-43%, and visible transmittance of 74%-82% were obtained.
基金supported by the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine(Nos.KSN2121211 and KSN23314112)LSW was supported by the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health of the National Institutes of Health(No.R24 AT001293)The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study,the collection,management,analysis,and interpretation of the data,the preparation,review,and approval of the manuscript,or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
文摘Various acupuncture clinical trials have been conducted on migraine;however,the conclusions remain controversial especially when acupuncture was compared with sham acupuncture.Sham acupuncture is sometimes performed at the same acupuncture points used for verum acupuncture despite the evidence on acupuncture point specificity.Four databases were searched for sham acupuncture or waiting list-controlled acupuncture trials for migraine on December 25,2023.Sham acupuncture was classified according to the needling points:sham acupuncture therapy at verum points(SATV)or at sham points(SATS).Network meta-analysis was performed based on the frequentist framework for headache pain intensity and response rate.A total of 18 studies involving 1936 participants were analyzed.Headache pain intensity and response rate were significantly improved in verum acupuncture compared with SATS.However,there was no significant difference between SATV and verum acupuncture.When comparing SATS and SATV,there was no significant difference in headache pain intensity and response rate;however,the results were in favor of SATV.The effect of the risk of bias on the certainty of evidence between verum and sham acupunctures was judged to be generally low.SATV should not be misused as a placebo control to evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture.
基金supported by Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine(K11111)
文摘Objective：Moxibustion is currently used for treating diabetes mellitus（DM） as a non-drug intervention in East Asian countries.This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of moxibustion for managing the symptoms of type 2 DM patients.Methods：We searched MEDLINE,AMED,EMBASE,CINAHL, The Cochrane Library,six Korean databases,and four Chinese databases.Risk of bias was used for evaluating the quality of the included studies.Results：A total of 5 studies met the inclusion criteria for this review.All of the included studies had high risks of bias.One randomized clinical trial（RCT） compared the effectiveness of one-time moxibustion use with oral administration of glibenclimide and showed the significant effects of moxibustion on glycemic control.Another RCT tested the effectiveness of moxibustion plus conventional treatment,and the moxibustion group reported significant improvement in fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels compared with the conventional treatment group.Two RCTs compared the effectiveness of moxibustion versus acupuncture or moxibustion plus acupuncture,and the combined treatment showed the most favorable effects on the control of blood glucose,urine glucose,and glycocylated hemoglobin A_（1C）（HbA_（1C））.One uncontrolled observational study showed favorable effects of moxibustion on the response rate.Conclusions：It is difficult to conclude that moxibustion is an effective intervention for the control of type 2 DM due to the scarcity of trials and the low methodological quality of included studies.Further rigorous RCTs may be necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of moxibustion for type 2 DM.
文摘From the medical history of traditional Eastern Asian and Tibetan medicine, the origin and development of moxibustion seems to be closely related to Mongolia. To explore the current clinical practice of moxibustion in Mongolia, we visited a teaching hospital, the Traditional Medical Science, Technology and Production Corporation of Mongolia, in February 2014. Many types of moxibustion are found to be used, and various modalities and methods are practiced based on the principles of traditional Mongolian medicine. In particular, Mongolian drug moxibustion, which uses small butter-warmed bags packed with powdered aromatic herbs instead of moxa cones, is a unique moxibustion technique not found in other countries. In this paper, we introduce the clinical practice of moxibustion, specifically Mongolian drug moxibustion in Mongolia.
文摘An international brainstorming session on standardizing pattern identification(PI)was held at the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine on October 1,2013 in Daejeon,South Korea.This brainstorming session was convened to gather insights from international traditional East Asian medicine specialists regarding PI standardization.With eight presentations and discussion sessions,the meeting allowed participants to discuss research methods and diagnostic systems used in traditional medicine for PI.One speaker presented a talk titled"The diagnostic criteria for blood stasis syndrome:implications for standardization of PI".Four speakers presented on future strategies and objective measurement tools that could be used in PI research.Later,participants shared information and methodology for accurate diagnosis and PI.They also discussed the necessity for standardizing PI and methods for international collaborations in pattern research.
文摘In comparison with previous researches of swirling flow, spiral flow generated in the spiral nozzle has some different flow characteristics. It does not need a forced tangential momentum to generate its velocity and has some different merits from the swirling flow such as long potential core and low tangential velocity. In this study, the effect of nozzle geometry on the flow characteristics in spiral nozzle was investigated by experiment and computation. As a result, the flow characteristics obtained by experiment has a satisfactory agreement with computational results, quantitatively and qualitatively.
