With the development of science and technology,there is an increasing demand for energy storage batteries.Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are expected to become the next generation of commercialized energy storage de...With the development of science and technology,there is an increasing demand for energy storage batteries.Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are expected to become the next generation of commercialized energy storage devices due to their advantages.The aqueous zinc ion battery is generally composed of zinc metal as the anode,active material as the cathode,and aqueous electrolyte.However,there are still many problems with the cathode/anode material and voltage window of the battery,which limit its use.This review introduces the recent research progress of zinc-ion batteries,including the advantages and disadvantages,energy storage mechanisms,and common cathode/anode materials,electrolytes,etc.It also gives a summary of the current research status of each material and provides solutions to the problems they face.Finally,it looks at the future direction and methods to optimize the performance of zinc-ion full batteries.展开更多
Saltmarsh is one of the blue carbon ecosystems for the highest carbon burial efficiency.However,the buried carbon in saltmarsh may still be exported to coastal water through porewater exchange,a process that has often...Saltmarsh is one of the blue carbon ecosystems for the highest carbon burial efficiency.However,the buried carbon in saltmarsh may still be exported to coastal water through porewater exchange,a process that has often been overlooked in previous studies.A typical tidal creek of the Dongtan saltmarsh wetland in Chongming Island,Shanghai,China,was studied.The224Ra and223Ra activities were measured and the hydrological parameters such as water flow were determined,from which the porewater exchange rate in the tidal creek was estimated to be 1.78±1.73 cm/d.Meanwhile,the carbon concentrations in porewater were determined,based on which the fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC),dissolved organic carbon(DOC),CH_(4),and CO_(2)exported from porewater exchange were derived to be 60±17,6.6±4.0,0.082±0.079,and 16±11 mmol/(m^(2)·d),respectively.In addition,analysis on different species of carbon in the creek water showed that,the fluxes of DIC,DOC,CH_(4),and CO_(2)exported laterally from tidal creek to coastal sea were 58±14,7.6±2.3,0.0011±0.00063,and 1.5±0.68 mmol/(m^(2)·d),respectively,indicating that the porewater exchange-derived carbon fluxes accounted for a large portion of the lateral carbon outwelling,and even much higher than those in CH_(4)and CO_(2)fluxes.Furthermore,the carbon exported from porewater exchange accounted for 50%of the carbon burial in the tidal creek system,of which DIC accounted for 73%of the total carbon flux transported by porewater exchange.Therefore,this study indicated that the porewater exchange-derived carbon fluxes to the tidal creek water may cause an overestimation in the carbon sequestration capacity of saltmarsh wetlands,and revealed the importance of porewater exchange for the carbon cycle of tidal creek system of saltmarsh wetlands.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U22A20140)the Jinan City-School Integration Development Strategy Project(No.JNSX2023015)+3 种基金Independent Cultivation Program of Innovation Team of Ji’nan City(No.202333042)the University of Jinan Disciplinary Cross-Convergence Construction Project 2023(No.XKJC-202309)the Youth Innovation Group Plan of Shandong Province(No.2022KJ095)Project supported by State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy,Central South University,Changsha,China。
文摘With the development of science and technology,there is an increasing demand for energy storage batteries.Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are expected to become the next generation of commercialized energy storage devices due to their advantages.The aqueous zinc ion battery is generally composed of zinc metal as the anode,active material as the cathode,and aqueous electrolyte.However,there are still many problems with the cathode/anode material and voltage window of the battery,which limit its use.This review introduces the recent research progress of zinc-ion batteries,including the advantages and disadvantages,energy storage mechanisms,and common cathode/anode materials,electrolytes,etc.It also gives a summary of the current research status of each material and provides solutions to the problems they face.Finally,it looks at the future direction and methods to optimize the performance of zinc-ion full batteries.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFE0209300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42106043,42141016)。
文摘Saltmarsh is one of the blue carbon ecosystems for the highest carbon burial efficiency.However,the buried carbon in saltmarsh may still be exported to coastal water through porewater exchange,a process that has often been overlooked in previous studies.A typical tidal creek of the Dongtan saltmarsh wetland in Chongming Island,Shanghai,China,was studied.The224Ra and223Ra activities were measured and the hydrological parameters such as water flow were determined,from which the porewater exchange rate in the tidal creek was estimated to be 1.78±1.73 cm/d.Meanwhile,the carbon concentrations in porewater were determined,based on which the fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC),dissolved organic carbon(DOC),CH_(4),and CO_(2)exported from porewater exchange were derived to be 60±17,6.6±4.0,0.082±0.079,and 16±11 mmol/(m^(2)·d),respectively.In addition,analysis on different species of carbon in the creek water showed that,the fluxes of DIC,DOC,CH_(4),and CO_(2)exported laterally from tidal creek to coastal sea were 58±14,7.6±2.3,0.0011±0.00063,and 1.5±0.68 mmol/(m^(2)·d),respectively,indicating that the porewater exchange-derived carbon fluxes accounted for a large portion of the lateral carbon outwelling,and even much higher than those in CH_(4)and CO_(2)fluxes.Furthermore,the carbon exported from porewater exchange accounted for 50%of the carbon burial in the tidal creek system,of which DIC accounted for 73%of the total carbon flux transported by porewater exchange.Therefore,this study indicated that the porewater exchange-derived carbon fluxes to the tidal creek water may cause an overestimation in the carbon sequestration capacity of saltmarsh wetlands,and revealed the importance of porewater exchange for the carbon cycle of tidal creek system of saltmarsh wetlands.
