土地利用现状、演化规律和未来变化情况对于国土空间开发和城市高质量可持续发展至关重要。借助土地利用转移矩阵和动态度等方法探究清镇市2000—2020年土地利用的空间分布格局和演化规律。在此基础上,通过引入随机森林的斑块生成土地...土地利用现状、演化规律和未来变化情况对于国土空间开发和城市高质量可持续发展至关重要。借助土地利用转移矩阵和动态度等方法探究清镇市2000—2020年土地利用的空间分布格局和演化规律。在此基础上,通过引入随机森林的斑块生成土地利用变化模拟模型(patch-generating land use simulation model,PLUS)揭示清镇市土地利用扩张的驱动机制,并多情景模拟预测清镇市未来2030、2040年土地利用变化趋势。结果表明:2000—2020年,清镇市耕地与灌木地面积减少,林地、草地和不透水面面积增加,水体与裸地面积相对稳定,退耕还林与城镇化建设促使土地利用类型转移多样化,综合动态度呈加速趋势反映城镇化建设与生态保护对土地利用的深刻影响;人类活动对耕地、林地、不透水面演化影响显著,距居民地(面)的距离是土地利用演化的关键驱动因素;不同场景下,清镇市2030年和2040年耕地将持续减少,林地、不透水面增加,灌木地、草地、水体和裸地变化较小。研究结果对清镇市土地资源管理、生态环境保护、城市规划等方面提供了有益的参考,旨在通过优化土地利用结构推动清镇市实现高质量可持续发展。展开更多
Alzheimer's disease is the primary cause of dementia and imposes a significant socioeconomic burden globally.Physical exercise,as an effective strategy for improving general health,has been largely reported for it...Alzheimer's disease is the primary cause of dementia and imposes a significant socioeconomic burden globally.Physical exercise,as an effective strategy for improving general health,has been largely reported for its effectiveness in slowing neurodegeneration and increasing brain functional plasticity,particularly in aging brains.However,the underlying mechanisms of exercise in cognitive aging remain largely unclear.Adiponectin,a cell-secreted protein hormone,has recently been found to regulate synaptic plasticity and mediate the antidepressant effects of physical exercise.Studies on the neuroprotective effects of adiponectin have revealed potential innovative treatments for Alzheimer's disease.Here,we reviewed the functions of adiponectin and its receptor in the brains of human and animal models of cognitive impairment.We summarized the role of adiponectin in Alzheimer's disease,focusing on its impact on energy metabolism,insulin resistance,and inflammation.We also discuss how exercise increases adiponectin secretion and its potential benefits for learning and memory.Finally,we highlight the latest research on chemical compounds that mimic exerciseenhanced secretion of adiponectin and its receptor in Alzheimer's disease.展开更多
在深度图像分类任务中,大多数都是采用卷积神经网络模型与SoftMax损失监督训练完成的。但在实际的实验过程中会发现,单独使用SoftMax损失并不能很好地解决分类问题。为了进一步增强网络的分类性能,在使用SoftMax损失对网络训练的同时添...在深度图像分类任务中,大多数都是采用卷积神经网络模型与SoftMax损失监督训练完成的。但在实际的实验过程中会发现,单独使用SoftMax损失并不能很好地解决分类问题。为了进一步增强网络的分类性能,在使用SoftMax损失对网络训练的同时添加额外的联合监督损失函数,对比中心损失(contrastive center loss),其加强了网络的学习能力。该损失在训练过程中会给每个类学习一个深度特征中心,中心参数与模型参数一起进行优化,并通过对比学习的思想加强网络对类别特征信息的学习,在LFW数据集与CUB数据集中的实验结果表明,通过联合监督损失的训练方法可以提高网络的分类性能。展开更多
Acupuncture is a medical treatment that has been widely pra cticed in China for over 3000 years,yet the neural mechanisms of acupuncture are not fully understood.We hypothesized that neurons and astrocytes act indepen...Acupuncture is a medical treatment that has been widely pra cticed in China for over 3000 years,yet the neural mechanisms of acupuncture are not fully understood.We hypothesized that neurons and astrocytes act independently and synergistically under acupuncture stimulation.To investigate this,we used two-photon in vivo calcium reco rding to observe the effects of acupuncture stimulation at ST36(Zusanli)in mice.Acupuncture stimulation in peripheral acupoints potentiated calcium signals of pyramidal neurons and astrocytes in the somatosensory cortex and resulted in late-onset calcium transients in astrocytes.Chemogenetic inhibition of neurons augmented the astrocytic activity.These findings suggest that acupuncture activates neuronal and astrocytic activity in the somatosensory co rtex and provide evidence for the involvement of both neurons and astrocytes in acupuncture treatment.展开更多
Varicella-zoster virus(VZV) is a neurotropic alphaherpesvirus that causes chickenpox and shingles. ORF7 is an important virulence determinant of VZV in both human skin and nerve tissues,however, its specific function ...Varicella-zoster virus(VZV) is a neurotropic alphaherpesvirus that causes chickenpox and shingles. ORF7 is an important virulence determinant of VZV in both human skin and nerve tissues,however, its specific function and involved molecular mechanism in VZV pathogenesis remain largely elusive. Previous yeast two-hybrid studies on intraviral protein-protein interaction network in herpesviruses have revealed that VZV ORF7 may interact with ORF53, which is a virtually unstudied but essential viral protein. The aim of this study is to identify and characterize VZV ORF53, and to investigate its relationship with ORF7. For this purpose, we prepared monoclonal antibodies against ORF53 and, for the first time, characterized it as a ~40 k Da viral protein predominantly localizing to the trans-Golgi network of the infected host cell. Next, we further confirmed the interaction between ORF7 and ORF53 by co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization studies in both plasmid-transfected and VZV-infected cells. Moreover, interestingly, we found that ORF53 lost its trans-Golgi network localization and became dispersed in the cytoplasm of host cells infected with an ORF7-deleted recombinant VZV, and thus ORF7 seems to play a role in normal subcellular localization of ORF53. Collectively, these results suggested that ORF7 and ORF53 may function as a complex during infection, which may be implicated in VZV pathogenesis.展开更多
In this study,we investigated the genetics,clinical features,and therapeutic approach of 14 patients with 5a-reductase deficiency in China.Genotyping analysis was performed by direct sequencing of PCR products of the ...In this study,we investigated the genetics,clinical features,and therapeutic approach of 14 patients with 5a-reductase deficiency in China.Genotyping analysis was performed by direct sequencing of PCR products of the steroid 5α-reductase type 2 gene(SRD5A2).The 5a-reductase activities of three novel mutations were investigated by mutagenesis and an in vitro transfection assay.Most patients presented with a microphallus,variable degrees of hypospadias,and cryptorchidism.Eight of 14 patients(57.1%)were initially reared as females and changed their social gender from female to male after puberty.Nine mutations were identified in the 14 patients.p.G203S,p.Q6X,and p.R227Q were the most prevalent mutations.Three mutations(p.K35N,p.H162P,and p.Y136X)have not been reported previously.The nonsense mutation p.Y136X abolished enzymatic activity,whereas p.K35N and p.H162P retained partial enzymatic activity.Topical administration of dihydrotestosterone during infancy or early childhood combined with hypospadia repair surgery had good therapeutic results.In conclusion,we expand the mutation profile of SRD5A2 in the Chinese population.A rational clinical approach to this disorder requires early and accurate diagnosis,especially genetic diagnosis.展开更多
文摘土地利用现状、演化规律和未来变化情况对于国土空间开发和城市高质量可持续发展至关重要。借助土地利用转移矩阵和动态度等方法探究清镇市2000—2020年土地利用的空间分布格局和演化规律。在此基础上,通过引入随机森林的斑块生成土地利用变化模拟模型(patch-generating land use simulation model,PLUS)揭示清镇市土地利用扩张的驱动机制,并多情景模拟预测清镇市未来2030、2040年土地利用变化趋势。结果表明:2000—2020年,清镇市耕地与灌木地面积减少,林地、草地和不透水面面积增加,水体与裸地面积相对稳定,退耕还林与城镇化建设促使土地利用类型转移多样化,综合动态度呈加速趋势反映城镇化建设与生态保护对土地利用的深刻影响;人类活动对耕地、林地、不透水面演化影响显著,距居民地(面)的距离是土地利用演化的关键驱动因素;不同场景下,清镇市2030年和2040年耕地将持续减少,林地、不透水面增加,灌木地、草地、水体和裸地变化较小。研究结果对清镇市土地资源管理、生态环境保护、城市规划等方面提供了有益的参考,旨在通过优化土地利用结构推动清镇市实现高质量可持续发展。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82072529(to HWHT)Key Laboratory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes,No.2021KSYS009(to HWHT)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2022M720907(to HHG)。
文摘Alzheimer's disease is the primary cause of dementia and imposes a significant socioeconomic burden globally.Physical exercise,as an effective strategy for improving general health,has been largely reported for its effectiveness in slowing neurodegeneration and increasing brain functional plasticity,particularly in aging brains.However,the underlying mechanisms of exercise in cognitive aging remain largely unclear.Adiponectin,a cell-secreted protein hormone,has recently been found to regulate synaptic plasticity and mediate the antidepressant effects of physical exercise.Studies on the neuroprotective effects of adiponectin have revealed potential innovative treatments for Alzheimer's disease.Here,we reviewed the functions of adiponectin and its receptor in the brains of human and animal models of cognitive impairment.We summarized the role of adiponectin in Alzheimer's disease,focusing on its impact on energy metabolism,insulin resistance,and inflammation.We also discuss how exercise increases adiponectin secretion and its potential benefits for learning and memory.Finally,we highlight the latest research on chemical compounds that mimic exerciseenhanced secretion of adiponectin and its receptor in Alzheimer's disease.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21973108,No.21921004 to Minghui Yang,No.21973109 to Hongwei Song,No.11304095 to Rui Zheng)the supports of Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(No.222300420494)+1 种基金State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics,China(No.T151907)Zhongyuan University of Technology(No.K2022TD002)。
文摘在深度图像分类任务中,大多数都是采用卷积神经网络模型与SoftMax损失监督训练完成的。但在实际的实验过程中会发现,单独使用SoftMax损失并不能很好地解决分类问题。为了进一步增强网络的分类性能,在使用SoftMax损失对网络训练的同时添加额外的联合监督损失函数,对比中心损失(contrastive center loss),其加强了网络的学习能力。该损失在训练过程中会给每个类学习一个深度特征中心,中心参数与模型参数一起进行优化,并通过对比学习的思想加强网络对类别特征信息的学习,在LFW数据集与CUB数据集中的实验结果表明,通过联合监督损失的训练方法可以提高网络的分类性能。
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2016YFC1306702(to KFS and LZ)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81771455(to KFS)+1 种基金Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province of China,No.2018B030334001(to KFS)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong of China,No.2019A1515011772(to LZ)。
文摘Acupuncture is a medical treatment that has been widely pra cticed in China for over 3000 years,yet the neural mechanisms of acupuncture are not fully understood.We hypothesized that neurons and astrocytes act independently and synergistically under acupuncture stimulation.To investigate this,we used two-photon in vivo calcium reco rding to observe the effects of acupuncture stimulation at ST36(Zusanli)in mice.Acupuncture stimulation in peripheral acupoints potentiated calcium signals of pyramidal neurons and astrocytes in the somatosensory cortex and resulted in late-onset calcium transients in astrocytes.Chemogenetic inhibition of neurons augmented the astrocytic activity.These findings suggest that acupuncture activates neuronal and astrocytic activity in the somatosensory co rtex and provide evidence for the involvement of both neurons and astrocytes in acupuncture treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81601762)the National Science and Technology Major Project of Infectious Diseases (No. 2017ZX10304402)+1 种基金the National Science and Technology Major Projects for Major New Drugs Innovation and Development (No. 2017ZX09101005-005-003)the Scientific Research Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics (No. 2016ZY005)
文摘Varicella-zoster virus(VZV) is a neurotropic alphaherpesvirus that causes chickenpox and shingles. ORF7 is an important virulence determinant of VZV in both human skin and nerve tissues,however, its specific function and involved molecular mechanism in VZV pathogenesis remain largely elusive. Previous yeast two-hybrid studies on intraviral protein-protein interaction network in herpesviruses have revealed that VZV ORF7 may interact with ORF53, which is a virtually unstudied but essential viral protein. The aim of this study is to identify and characterize VZV ORF53, and to investigate its relationship with ORF7. For this purpose, we prepared monoclonal antibodies against ORF53 and, for the first time, characterized it as a ~40 k Da viral protein predominantly localizing to the trans-Golgi network of the infected host cell. Next, we further confirmed the interaction between ORF7 and ORF53 by co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization studies in both plasmid-transfected and VZV-infected cells. Moreover, interestingly, we found that ORF53 lost its trans-Golgi network localization and became dispersed in the cytoplasm of host cells infected with an ORF7-deleted recombinant VZV, and thus ORF7 seems to play a role in normal subcellular localization of ORF53. Collectively, these results suggested that ORF7 and ORF53 may function as a complex during infection, which may be implicated in VZV pathogenesis.
基金This study is supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation(No.81570753,81430019 and 81873652)the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical and Engineering Intersection Foundation(No.YG2015QN03).
文摘In this study,we investigated the genetics,clinical features,and therapeutic approach of 14 patients with 5a-reductase deficiency in China.Genotyping analysis was performed by direct sequencing of PCR products of the steroid 5α-reductase type 2 gene(SRD5A2).The 5a-reductase activities of three novel mutations were investigated by mutagenesis and an in vitro transfection assay.Most patients presented with a microphallus,variable degrees of hypospadias,and cryptorchidism.Eight of 14 patients(57.1%)were initially reared as females and changed their social gender from female to male after puberty.Nine mutations were identified in the 14 patients.p.G203S,p.Q6X,and p.R227Q were the most prevalent mutations.Three mutations(p.K35N,p.H162P,and p.Y136X)have not been reported previously.The nonsense mutation p.Y136X abolished enzymatic activity,whereas p.K35N and p.H162P retained partial enzymatic activity.Topical administration of dihydrotestosterone during infancy or early childhood combined with hypospadia repair surgery had good therapeutic results.In conclusion,we expand the mutation profile of SRD5A2 in the Chinese population.A rational clinical approach to this disorder requires early and accurate diagnosis,especially genetic diagnosis.
