Radiative cooling systems(RCSs)possess the distinctive capability to dissipate heat energy via solar and thermal radiation,making them suitable for thermal regulation and energy conservation applications,essential for...Radiative cooling systems(RCSs)possess the distinctive capability to dissipate heat energy via solar and thermal radiation,making them suitable for thermal regulation and energy conservation applications,essential for mitigating the energy crisis.A comprehensive review connecting the advancements in engineered radiative cooling systems(ERCSs),encompassing material and structural design as well as thermal and energy-related applications,is currently absent.Herein,this review begins with a concise summary of the essential concepts of ERCSs,followed by an introduction to engineered materials and structures,containing nature-inspired designs,chromatic materials,meta-structural configurations,and multilayered constructions.It subsequently encapsulates the primary applications,including thermal-regulating textiles and energy-saving devices.Next,it highlights the challenges of ERCSs,including maximized thermoregulatory effects,environmental adaptability,scalability and sustainability,and interdisciplinary integration.It seeks to offer direction for forthcoming fundamental research and industrial advancement of radiative cooling systems in real-world applications.展开更多
PM_(2.5)and O_(3) are two major issues hindering air quality improvement in China.However,the response of these two pollutants to anthropogenic emission variations in the real atmosphere was not yet well understood.He...PM_(2.5)and O_(3) are two major issues hindering air quality improvement in China.However,the response of these two pollutants to anthropogenic emission variations in the real atmosphere was not yet well understood.Here,we selected the short-term epidemic lockdown in Wuhu in 2022 as a case study and evaluated the impacts of meteorology and anthropogenic emission on PM_(2.5)and O_(3) using field observations combined with machine learning algorithms.The results showed that NO_(2) observed during the lockdown was 32.2±8.1μg/m^(3),10.1%lower than before the lockdown,and that NO_(2) continued to decrease by 19.2%after the lockdown.Notably,both PM_(2.5)and O_(3) concentrations were higher during the lockdown than before and after the lockdown.Random forest model revealed that meteorological conditions during the lockdown increased PM_(2.5)and O_(3) by 8.7%and 24.2%,respectively,but decreased NO_(2) by 6.4%.Atmospheric pressure and relative humidity were the main meteorological variables influencing PM_(2.5)and O_(3) variations,respectively.Scenario simulation analysis uncovered that anthropogenic emission reduction caused by the lockdown reduced NO_(2) by 19.7%,but increased PM_(2.5)and O_(3) by 6.3%and 26.8%,respectively.This was mainly due to the weakening titration effect of nitrogen oxides and enhanced atmospheric oxidation capacity,further increasing O_(3) and secondary PM_(2.5)production.Our results revealed that NO_(2) in Wuhu decreased significantly due to short-term epidemic lockdown,but PM_(2.5)and O_(3) pollution were not effectively reduced.To continuously improve future urban air quality,joint reductions in emissions from multiple anthropogenic sources and multiple pollutants are required.展开更多
In-situ growth of layered double hydroxide(LDH)has been considered a feasible method to further improve the corrosion protection of PEO coated Mg alloys,but the process is basically carried out in an autoclave.In this...In-situ growth of layered double hydroxide(LDH)has been considered a feasible method to further improve the corrosion protection of PEO coated Mg alloys,but the process is basically carried out in an autoclave.In this study,LDH was in-situ synthesized on PEO treated AM50 Mg by hydrothermal treatment at ambient pressure in the presence of chelating agents.Results indicated that the synergistic effect of sulfosalicylic acid(SSA)and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tetrasodium salt(EDTA)chelating agents is appropriate for Mg-Al LDH formation due to the sufficient quantity of highly stable Mg and Al complexes in the treatment bath.An appropriate hydrothermal treatment time was also revealed in this work,which can efficiently seal the pores and defects of PEO coating with a uniform LDH film.As a result,the corrosion protection of the coating was improved dramatically.The prolonged hydrothermal treatment is detrimental to the integrity of PEO layers.The influence of chelating agents on the LDH formation processes is supported by thermodynamic calculation of the equilibrium composition,and the formation mechanism of LDH film is discussed in depth.展开更多
Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a major cause of cancer-related deaths.The Nod-like receptor(NLR)family is involved in innate immunity and tumor progression,but its role inHCC remains unclear.This study aim...Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a major cause of cancer-related deaths.The Nod-like receptor(NLR)family is involved in innate immunity and tumor progression,but its role inHCC remains unclear.This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value and biological function of NLR genes in HCC.Methods:Transcriptomic and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas were analyzed using nonnegative matrix factorization(NMF)to classify HCC into molecular subtypes.Differentially expressed genes were used to build an NLR-based prognostic model(NLR_score)through univariate Cox,least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO),andmultivariate Cox regression.Predictive performance and correlation with chemotherapy sensitivity were assessed.NLR family pyrin domain containing 5(NLRP5)was identified as a key oncogene and validated via in vitro assays,including cell counting kit-8(CCK-8),colony formation,transwell,and flow cytometry in vivo xenograft models.Results:The two NMFdefined subtypes showed distinct survival outcomes.The NLR_score reliably predicted prognosis and was associated with sensitivity to six chemotherapeutic drugs.NLRP5 knockdown suppressed HCC cell proliferation,migration,and invasion in vitro and reduced tumor growth in vivo.Mechanistically,NLRP5 modulated the p53 signaling pathway,influencing cell cycle and apoptosis.Conclusion:This study developed an NLR-based prognosticmodel that effectively stratifies HCC patients by survival risk.NLRP5 was identified as a novel oncogene promoting HCC progression via the p53 pathway,suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target.展开更多
The regulation of apple(Malus domestica)fruit texture during ripening is complex and a fundamental determinant of its commercial quality.In climacteric fruit,ripening-related processes are regulated by ethylene(ET),an...The regulation of apple(Malus domestica)fruit texture during ripening is complex and a fundamental determinant of its commercial quality.In climacteric fruit,ripening-related processes are regulated by ethylene(ET),and jasmonate(JA)is also involved in the ethylene biosynthesis pathway,mainly through the transcription factor MYC2.However,the molecular genetic mechanism for fruit ripening processes between the JA and ET signaling pathways still needs to be elucidated.In order to explore how JA regulates apple fruit ripening through ERF4,we used’Gala’and’Ralls Janet’fruit at different developmental stages as experimental materials to determine the fruit firmness and related gene expression analysis.Meanwhile,we carried out different hormone treatments on’Gala’fruit at ripening stage.Here,we show that ERF4 is a core JA signaling hub protein JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN(JAZ)interactor that affects ethylene signaling pathways.During fruit development,ERF4 represses the expression of ACS1 and ACO1 by interacting with JAZ,as well as with the JA-activated transcription factor MYC2.Ripening is promoted in JAZ-suppressed apples.Thus,ERF4 acts as a molecular link between ethylene and JA hormone signals,and the natural variation of the ERF4Ethylene-responsive binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression(EAR)motif decreases repression of ethylene biosynthesis genes.展开更多
In order to study the substrate lattice structure(Li addition)on the growth of plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)coatings,Mg Li alloy(11.36 wt.%of Li,cubic)and pure Mg(hexagonal)were treated under a pulsed direct PEO ...In order to study the substrate lattice structure(Li addition)on the growth of plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)coatings,Mg Li alloy(11.36 wt.%of Li,cubic)and pure Mg(hexagonal)were treated under a pulsed direct PEO mode in a phosphate electrolyte for different periods of time.The results revealed that the presence of Li and Li-rich phases in the cubic Mg alloy seems to be essential for the treatment result rather than the original lattice structure.A modified discharge behavior of Mg Li alloy finally led to a different microstructure of the coating.The unstable coatings of Mg Li alloy tended to dissolve rapidly though shared the similar composition to that of pure Mg.Li was incorporated only in the primary conversion products at the interface of coating/Mg Li.In spite of the advanced efficiency of energy input during processing,the more porous and thinner PEO coatings on the Mg Li alloy were less resistant to abrasion and corrosion.展开更多
To understand the formation and growth of plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO) coatings in presence of different secondary phases in a substrate,PEO treatment was carried out on AlSi9 Cu3 alloy at different treatment ti...To understand the formation and growth of plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO) coatings in presence of different secondary phases in a substrate,PEO treatment was carried out on AlSi9 Cu3 alloy at different treatment times ranging from 15 s to 480 s.The coating formation and evolution process was traced by surface and cross-sectional observation of the layers on the different phases of the alloy.The results demonstrated a sequential involvement of the different phases in the plasma discharges:firstly,discharges start on the α-Al matrix,then on the intermetallic Al2 Cu and β-Al5 FeSi phases at the same time and finally on the eutectic Si.The presence of intermetallic Al2 Cu remarkably affects the initial dissolution,the deposition of conversion products and the ignition of discharges at the early stages of processing.Eutectic Si in the substrate exhibits the highest electrochemical stability at all stages and contributes in the beginning to a distinct coating morphology eventually.The resultant PEO coating tends to be uniform if processing times are longer and a double-layer structure appears in the coating.展开更多
Several results based on the Langmuir probes’data on the HL-2A tokamak are presented.The blob structures’radial and poloidal drift velocities,estimated by the gradient of floating potential and by time delay evaluat...Several results based on the Langmuir probes’data on the HL-2A tokamak are presented.The blob structures’radial and poloidal drift velocities,estimated by the gradient of floating potential and by time delay evaluation,are compared in different line-averaged density and electron cyclotron resonance heating conditions.A positive correlation is observed in the comparison between blobs’radial velocity estimated by the two methods mentioned above,regardless of the situation differences mentioned above.Correlation is also observed in the comparison between the blobs’poloidal velocity estimated by the two methods in different situations,while a shift due to the different line-averaged density is observed.These results imply that the radial gradient of floating potential may have some value as a reference during data analysis in low-parameter discharge.展开更多
In this paper,the formation process,morphology,and electrochemical performance of PEO coatings on AM50 magnesium alloy prepared in low concentration phosphate,aluminate,and phosphate-aluminate electrolytes were system...In this paper,the formation process,morphology,and electrochemical performance of PEO coatings on AM50 magnesium alloy prepared in low concentration phosphate,aluminate,and phosphate-aluminate electrolytes were systematically studied.The results show that the coatings prepared from the phosphate electrolytes have a higher thickness and better corrosion resistance properties compared to the other electrolytes.The coatings prepared from low concentration phosphate-aluminate mixed electrolytes have slightly thinner thickness,a similar coating structure and an order of magnitude lower value of electrochemical impedance compared with phosphate electrolyte coatings.The Coatings prepared from low concentration aluminate electrolytes have the lowest thickness and the worst corrosion resistance properties which gets close to corrosion behavior of the bare AM50 under the same test conditions.Considering application,coatings prepared from single low concentration phosphate electrolytes and low concentration phosphate-aluminate electrolytes have greater potential than single low concentration aluminate coatings.However,reducing the electrolyte concentrations of coating forming ions too much has negative influence on the coating growth rate.展开更多
The high mortality rate associated with gastric cancer(GC)has resulted in an urgent need to identify novel therapeutic targets for GC.This study aimed to investigate whether GAIP interacting protein,C terminus 1(GIPC1...The high mortality rate associated with gastric cancer(GC)has resulted in an urgent need to identify novel therapeutic targets for GC.This study aimed to investigate whether GAIP interacting protein,C terminus 1(GIPC1)represents a therapeutic target and its regulating mechanism in GC.GIPC1 expression was elevated in GC tissues,liver metastasis tissues,and lymph node metastases.GIPC1 knockdown or GIPC1 blocking peptide blocked the platelet-derived growth factor receptor(PDGFR)/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,and inhibited the proliferation and migration of GC cells.Conversely,GIPC1 overexpression markedly activated the PDGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,and promoted GC cell proliferation and migration.Furthermore,platelet-derived growth factor subunit BB(PDGF-BB)cytokines and the AKT inhibitor attenuated the effect of differential GIPC1 expression.Moreover,GIPC1 silencing decreased tumor growth and migration in BALB/c nude mice,while GIPC1 overexpression had contrasting effects.Taken together,our findings suggest that GIPC1 functions as an oncogene in GC and plays a central role in regulating cell proliferation and migration via the PDGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.展开更多
To the Editor Congenital coronary artery anomalies(CAAs)are characterized by abnormalities in the origins,course,or termination of the three main epicardial coronary arteries[1,2].These anomalies can result in a spect...To the Editor Congenital coronary artery anomalies(CAAs)are characterized by abnormalities in the origins,course,or termination of the three main epicardial coronary arteries[1,2].These anomalies can result in a spectrum of clinical manifestations,from chest pain and angina to more severe conditions such as microcirculation disorders,heart failure,or even sudden cardiac death.Among CAAs,the duplication of the left anterior descending artery(LAD)is particularly rare and usually misdiagnosed[3].展开更多
Fiber fabrics have been wildly utilized for solar interracial evaporators to address freshwater scarcity.However,the complex and expensive manufacturing processes remain limited to their scalable development.Herein,a ...Fiber fabrics have been wildly utilized for solar interracial evaporators to address freshwater scarcity.However,the complex and expensive manufacturing processes remain limited to their scalable development.Herein,a fabric-based Janus interracial evaporator is efficiently fabricated on a large scale by integrating an extremely innovative self-designed melt-centrifugal spinning technology with spray coating technology.The prepared fabric-based Janus interfacial evaporator has differential hydrophilicity,uneven surfaces,and channels that allow moisture escape.Benefiting from the excellent photothermai conversion of graphene oxide and the charge transfer actions of titanium dioxide,such a multifunction evaporator can reach a high evaporation rate of 1.72 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)under 1 sun irradiation,a superior antibacterial rate of 99%,excellent photocatalytic degradation,and effective thermoelectric ability simultaneously.Moreover,it also shows fantastic performance in salt resistance,recyclable evaporation,and real desalination,This work demonstrates a high-efficiency,cost-effective,multifunctional,and scalable strategy for high-performance fiber fabrics solar interfacial evaporation.展开更多
Liquid leakage of pipeline networks not only results in considerableresource wastage but also leads to environmental pollution and ecological imbalance.In response to this global issue, a bioinspired superhydrophobic ...Liquid leakage of pipeline networks not only results in considerableresource wastage but also leads to environmental pollution and ecological imbalance.In response to this global issue, a bioinspired superhydrophobic thermoplastic polyurethane/carbon nanotubes/graphene nanosheets flexible strain sensor (TCGS) hasbeen developed using a combination of micro-extrusion compression molding andsurface modification for real-time wireless detection of liquid leakage. The TCGSutilizes the synergistic effects of Archimedean spiral crack arrays and micropores,which are inspired by the remarkable sensory capabilities of scorpions. This designachieves a sensitivity of 218.13 at a strain of 2%, which is an increase of 4300%. Additionally, it demonstrates exceptional durability bywithstanding over 5000 usage cycles. The robust superhydrophobicity of the TCGS significantly enhances sensitivity and stability indetecting small-scale liquid leakage, enabling precise monitoring of liquid leakage across a wide range of sizes, velocities, and compositionswhile issuing prompt alerts. This provides critical early warnings for both industrial pipelines and potential liquid leakage scenariosin everyday life. The development and utilization of bioinspired ultrasensitive flexible strain sensors offer an innovative and effectivesolution for the early wireless detection of liquid leakage.展开更多
目的:调查成都市新都区小学生近视现状,分析本地区小学生近视的流行病学特点及相关影响因素。方法:采用分层整群随机抽样调查的方法,抽取成都市新都区4所小学的一年级到六年级学生,每个年级3个班,分别进行眼科检查和问卷调查,用SPSS21....目的:调查成都市新都区小学生近视现状,分析本地区小学生近视的流行病学特点及相关影响因素。方法:采用分层整群随机抽样调查的方法,抽取成都市新都区4所小学的一年级到六年级学生,每个年级3个班,分别进行眼科检查和问卷调查,用SPSS21.0软件进行统计分析。结果:共有3 324名学生参与本次调查,近视的学生1 124人,近视率33.81%。不同性别、不同年龄、不同年级、吃水果蔬菜和喝牛奶频次、父母监督和提醒学生用眼习惯频次、在家看书写字光线情况、每天连续家庭作业及看书时间、睡眠时间、每天课外活动时间、课间休息时去户外活动或做眼保健操频次、躺着看书或在晃动的车内看书频次、看书写字姿势以及父母双方患有近视情况的学生近视患病情况存在不同( P <0.05)。多因素回归分析发现:年级、性别、父母监督和提醒用眼习惯、在家看书写字的光线、每天连续家庭作业及看书时间、每天课外活动时间、躺着看书或在晃动的车内看书、看书写字姿势是否正确、父母近视情况均为近视的独立影响因素,其中父母监督和提醒用眼习惯为影响近视的保护因素,其余各指标均为危险因素。结论:青少年近视与环境、遗传等多种因素有关,应尽早采取相应措施,延缓其发生发展。展开更多
To explain the influence mechanism of MgO on the consolidation and reduction characteristics of roasted iron pellets,the properties and structure of pellets were investigated from multi-dimensions.It indicated that th...To explain the influence mechanism of MgO on the consolidation and reduction characteristics of roasted iron pellets,the properties and structure of pellets were investigated from multi-dimensions.It indicated that the MgO addition decreased the reduction swelling index(RSI)and reduction degree of pellets in both CO and H_(2)atmospheres.During the stepwise reduction process of Fe2O3→Fe3O4→FeO,the reduction behaviour of pellets in CO and H_(2)was similar,while the reduction rate of pellets in H_(2)atmosphere was almost twice as high as that in CO atmosphere.During the stepwise reduction process of FeO→Fe,the RSI of pellets showed a logarithmic increase in CO atmosphere and a linear decrease in H_(2)atmosphere.As investigated by first-principles calculations,C and Fe mainly formed chemical bonds,and the CO reduction process released energy,promoting the formation of iron whiskers.However,H and Fe produced weak physical adsorption,and the H_(2)reduction process was endothermic,inhibiting the generation of iron whiskers.With Mg2+doping in FexO,the nucleation region of iron whiskers expanded in CO reduction process,and the morphology of iron whiskers transformed from“slender”to“stocky,”reducing RSI of the pellets.展开更多
Ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA)is a naturally occurring,low-toxicity,and hydrophilic bile acid(BA)in the human body that is converted by intestinal flora using primary BA.Solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11)functions...Ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA)is a naturally occurring,low-toxicity,and hydrophilic bile acid(BA)in the human body that is converted by intestinal flora using primary BA.Solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11)functions to uptake extracellular cystine in exchange for glutamate,and is highly expressed in a variety of human cancers.Retroperitoneal liposarcoma(RLPS)refers to liposarcoma originating from the retroperitoneal area.Lipidomics analysis revealed that UDCA was one of the most significantly downregulated metabolites in sera of RLPS patients compared with healthy subjects.The augmentation of UDCA concentration(≥25 mg/mL)demonstrated a suppressive effect on the proliferation of liposarcoma cells.[15N2]-cystine and[13C5]-glutamine isotope tracing revealed that UDCA impairs cystine uptake and glutathione(GSH)synthesis.Mechanistically,UDCA binds to the cystine transporter SLC7A11 to inhibit cystine uptake and impair GSH de novo synthesis,leading to reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation and mitochondrial oxidative damage.Furthermore,UDCA can promote the anti-cancer effects of ferroptosis inducers(Erastin,RSL3),the murine double minute 2(MDM2)inhibitors(Nutlin 3a,RG7112),cyclin dependent kinase 4(CDK4)inhibitor(Abemaciclib),and glutaminase inhibitor(CB839).Together,UDCA functions as a cystine exchange factor that binds to SLC7A11 for antitumor activity,and SLC7A11 is not only a new transporter for BA but also a clinically applicable target for UDCA.More importantly,in combination with other antitumor chemotherapy or physiotherapy treatments,UDCA may provide effective and promising treatment strategies for RLPS or other types of tumors in a ROS-dependent manner.展开更多
Saxitoxin(STX)is a marine biotoxin produced by cyanobacteria and methanobacteria,which is harmful to humans and aquatic organisms.Therefore,it is urgent to establish an efficient,sensitive and selective method for the...Saxitoxin(STX)is a marine biotoxin produced by cyanobacteria and methanobacteria,which is harmful to humans and aquatic organisms.Therefore,it is urgent to establish an efficient,sensitive and selective method for the screening of STX.In this paper,based on the HAuCl_(4)/H_(2)O_(2)reaction system,gold nanoparticles(Au NPs)decorated Fe_(3)O_(4)magnetic beads(Fe3O4@Au NPs)and Pt/Au nanozymes(Pt/Au NZs),an improved surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)aptasensor was proposed for sensitive and selective detection of STX.Firstly,SERS tag(4-mercaptobenzoic acid)and aptamer modified Fe3O4@Au NPs were hybridized with complementary DNA modified Pt/Au NZs(Pt/Au-cDNA)to form the specific complexes.Wherein,aptamer acted as capture agent to specifically recognize STX,Pt/Au NZs catalyzed HAuCl_(4)/H_(2)O_(2)reaction to enhance SERS signal,and Fe_(3)O_(4)facilitated the magnetic separation and simple detection operations.The SERS aptasensor achieved sensitive detection of STX with a wide linear range from 0.02 to 0.8μmol/L and a low limit of detection(LOD)of 13 nmol/L(signal-to-noise(S/N)=3).To evaluate the performance of this method,STX were detected in the spiked seafood samples with recoveries from 78.75%to 150%with relative standard deviation below 6.52%.Besides,the SERS aptasensor behaved good stability and repeatability,revealing its promising potential in STX detection and food safety detection.展开更多
As important precursors of ozone(O_(3))and secondary organic aerosol(SOA),reactive aromatic hydrocarbons(AHs)have typically been classified as anthropogenic air pollutants.However,biogenic emission can also be a poten...As important precursors of ozone(O_(3))and secondary organic aerosol(SOA),reactive aromatic hydrocarbons(AHs)have typically been classified as anthropogenic air pollutants.However,biogenic emission can also be a potential source of atmospheric AHs.Herein,field observations in a eutrophic lake were combined with laboratory incubation experiments to investigate the biogenic AH emission.Field work showed that the water-air fluxes of AHs measured at sites with high cyanobacteria abundance could reach an order of magnitude greater than those at sites with low cyanobacteria abundance,suggesting that cyanobacteria could be the important contributor to measured AHs.Laboratory incubation experiments further confirmed the AH emission of cyanobacteria and revealed that the emission could change significantly over the lifespan of cyanobacteria and varied to their growing conditions.By combining field observations and laboratory incubation experiments,it has been suggested that the emission of different AH species from cyanobacteria could be modulated by variable biogeochemical mechanisms and that the biochemical process of toluene could be different from that of other AHs.This study investigates AH emissions from inland aquatic ecosystem and suggests that biogenic emission could be a potential source of atmospheric AHs.展开更多
While biventricular assist devices(BiVADs)remain underutilized in Western countries for biventricular heart failure(BHF),their application is expanding in China.This consensus synthesizes international guidelines,medi...While biventricular assist devices(BiVADs)remain underutilized in Western countries for biventricular heart failure(BHF),their application is expanding in China.This consensus synthesizes international guidelines,medical evidence,and Chinese clinical expertise to establish standardized protocols for BiVAD management.Key recommendations include:(1)Preoperative right heart catheterization and echocardiography for central venous pressure(CVP):pulmonary capillary wedge pressure(PCWP)ratio and pulmonary artery pulsatility index(PAPi)assessment(Class I);(2)BiVAD indication in refractory BHF or high-risk right heart failure post-left ventricular assist device(LVAD)implantation(Class IIa);(3)Right atrial implantation as the preferred surgical approach(Class IIa);(4)Warfarin-based anticoagulation(INR 2.0–2.5)with aspirin,avoiding direct oral anticoagulants(DOACs)(Class III).The guidance addresses critical gaps in patient selection,pump speed titration,and complication management,positioning integrated BiVAD systems as a promising solution for complex BHF.展开更多
Nonlinear energy transfer is represented through eddy viscosity and stochastic forcing within the framework of resolvent analysis.Previous investigations estimate the contribution of eddy-viscosity-enhanced resolvent ...Nonlinear energy transfer is represented through eddy viscosity and stochastic forcing within the framework of resolvent analysis.Previous investigations estimate the contribution of eddy-viscosity-enhanced resolvent opera-tor to nonlinear energy transfer.The present article estimates the contribution of stochastic forcing to nonlinear energy transfer and demonstrates that the contribution of stochastic forcing cannot be ignored.These results are achieved by numerically comparing the eddy-viscosity-enhanced resolvent operator and stochastic forcing with nonlinear energy transfer in turbulent channel flows.Furthermore,the numerical results indicate that composite resolvent operators can improve the prediction of nonlinear energy transfer.展开更多
基金support from the Contract Research(“Development of Breathable Fabrics with Nano-Electrospun Membrane”,CityU ref.:9231419“Research and application of antibacterial and healing-promoting smart nanofiber dressing for children’s burn wounds”,CityU ref:PJ9240111)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(“Study of Multi-Responsive Shape Memory Polyurethane Nanocomposites Inspired by Natural Fibers”,Grant No.51673162)Startup Grant of CityU(“Laboratory of Wearable Materials for Healthcare”,Grant No.9380116).
文摘Radiative cooling systems(RCSs)possess the distinctive capability to dissipate heat energy via solar and thermal radiation,making them suitable for thermal regulation and energy conservation applications,essential for mitigating the energy crisis.A comprehensive review connecting the advancements in engineered radiative cooling systems(ERCSs),encompassing material and structural design as well as thermal and energy-related applications,is currently absent.Herein,this review begins with a concise summary of the essential concepts of ERCSs,followed by an introduction to engineered materials and structures,containing nature-inspired designs,chromatic materials,meta-structural configurations,and multilayered constructions.It subsequently encapsulates the primary applications,including thermal-regulating textiles and energy-saving devices.Next,it highlights the challenges of ERCSs,including maximized thermoregulatory effects,environmental adaptability,scalability and sustainability,and interdisciplinary integration.It seeks to offer direction for forthcoming fundamental research and industrial advancement of radiative cooling systems in real-world applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42207128)the Key Research Projects of Natural Science in Colleges and Universities of Anhui Province(No.KJ2021A0091)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(No.2008085MD111)。
文摘PM_(2.5)and O_(3) are two major issues hindering air quality improvement in China.However,the response of these two pollutants to anthropogenic emission variations in the real atmosphere was not yet well understood.Here,we selected the short-term epidemic lockdown in Wuhu in 2022 as a case study and evaluated the impacts of meteorology and anthropogenic emission on PM_(2.5)and O_(3) using field observations combined with machine learning algorithms.The results showed that NO_(2) observed during the lockdown was 32.2±8.1μg/m^(3),10.1%lower than before the lockdown,and that NO_(2) continued to decrease by 19.2%after the lockdown.Notably,both PM_(2.5)and O_(3) concentrations were higher during the lockdown than before and after the lockdown.Random forest model revealed that meteorological conditions during the lockdown increased PM_(2.5)and O_(3) by 8.7%and 24.2%,respectively,but decreased NO_(2) by 6.4%.Atmospheric pressure and relative humidity were the main meteorological variables influencing PM_(2.5)and O_(3) variations,respectively.Scenario simulation analysis uncovered that anthropogenic emission reduction caused by the lockdown reduced NO_(2) by 19.7%,but increased PM_(2.5)and O_(3) by 6.3%and 26.8%,respectively.This was mainly due to the weakening titration effect of nitrogen oxides and enhanced atmospheric oxidation capacity,further increasing O_(3) and secondary PM_(2.5)production.Our results revealed that NO_(2) in Wuhu decreased significantly due to short-term epidemic lockdown,but PM_(2.5)and O_(3) pollution were not effectively reduced.To continuously improve future urban air quality,joint reductions in emissions from multiple anthropogenic sources and multiple pollutants are required.
基金the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52071067)Mobility Programme of the Sino-German Center(M-0056)+3 种基金Shenyang Young and Middle-aged Science and Technology Innovation Talent Support Program(RC231178)Natural Science Foundation Project of Liaoning Province(2022-YGJC-16)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(N2302019)Qianqian Chen would like to acknowledge China Scholarship Council for the award of fellowship(NO.202206080011).
文摘In-situ growth of layered double hydroxide(LDH)has been considered a feasible method to further improve the corrosion protection of PEO coated Mg alloys,but the process is basically carried out in an autoclave.In this study,LDH was in-situ synthesized on PEO treated AM50 Mg by hydrothermal treatment at ambient pressure in the presence of chelating agents.Results indicated that the synergistic effect of sulfosalicylic acid(SSA)and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tetrasodium salt(EDTA)chelating agents is appropriate for Mg-Al LDH formation due to the sufficient quantity of highly stable Mg and Al complexes in the treatment bath.An appropriate hydrothermal treatment time was also revealed in this work,which can efficiently seal the pores and defects of PEO coating with a uniform LDH film.As a result,the corrosion protection of the coating was improved dramatically.The prolonged hydrothermal treatment is detrimental to the integrity of PEO layers.The influence of chelating agents on the LDH formation processes is supported by thermodynamic calculation of the equilibrium composition,and the formation mechanism of LDH film is discussed in depth.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81973983,82270015,82100017,82302577,82304209,82370016)Anhui Province Scientific Research Planning Project(2023AH010083,2023AH053282)+4 种基金the Joint Construction Project of Clinical Medicine University and Hospital(No.2021lcxk006)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Nos.2208085MH264,2308085QH284,2308085MH243)the China Primary Health Care Foundation(No.MTP2022A015)the Project Supported by Anhui Medical University(2021xkj138,2021xkj067)Anhui Provincial Health Research Project(AHWJ2022b076).
文摘Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a major cause of cancer-related deaths.The Nod-like receptor(NLR)family is involved in innate immunity and tumor progression,but its role inHCC remains unclear.This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value and biological function of NLR genes in HCC.Methods:Transcriptomic and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas were analyzed using nonnegative matrix factorization(NMF)to classify HCC into molecular subtypes.Differentially expressed genes were used to build an NLR-based prognostic model(NLR_score)through univariate Cox,least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO),andmultivariate Cox regression.Predictive performance and correlation with chemotherapy sensitivity were assessed.NLR family pyrin domain containing 5(NLRP5)was identified as a key oncogene and validated via in vitro assays,including cell counting kit-8(CCK-8),colony formation,transwell,and flow cytometry in vivo xenograft models.Results:The two NMFdefined subtypes showed distinct survival outcomes.The NLR_score reliably predicted prognosis and was associated with sensitivity to six chemotherapeutic drugs.NLRP5 knockdown suppressed HCC cell proliferation,migration,and invasion in vitro and reduced tumor growth in vivo.Mechanistically,NLRP5 modulated the p53 signaling pathway,influencing cell cycle and apoptosis.Conclusion:This study developed an NLR-based prognosticmodel that effectively stratifies HCC patients by survival risk.NLRP5 was identified as a novel oncogene promoting HCC progression via the p53 pathway,suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program [Grant No.2018YFD1000200]the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant Nos.31872941,32072543]+2 种基金the Construction of Beijing Science and Technology Innovation and Service Capacity in Top Subjects [Grant No.CEFFPXM2019_014207_000032]the 111 Project [Grant No.B17043]the Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Crops,Ministry of Education。
文摘The regulation of apple(Malus domestica)fruit texture during ripening is complex and a fundamental determinant of its commercial quality.In climacteric fruit,ripening-related processes are regulated by ethylene(ET),and jasmonate(JA)is also involved in the ethylene biosynthesis pathway,mainly through the transcription factor MYC2.However,the molecular genetic mechanism for fruit ripening processes between the JA and ET signaling pathways still needs to be elucidated.In order to explore how JA regulates apple fruit ripening through ERF4,we used’Gala’and’Ralls Janet’fruit at different developmental stages as experimental materials to determine the fruit firmness and related gene expression analysis.Meanwhile,we carried out different hormone treatments on’Gala’fruit at ripening stage.Here,we show that ERF4 is a core JA signaling hub protein JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN(JAZ)interactor that affects ethylene signaling pathways.During fruit development,ERF4 represses the expression of ACS1 and ACO1 by interacting with JAZ,as well as with the JA-activated transcription factor MYC2.Ripening is promoted in JAZ-suppressed apples.Thus,ERF4 acts as a molecular link between ethylene and JA hormone signals,and the natural variation of the ERF4Ethylene-responsive binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression(EAR)motif decreases repression of ethylene biosynthesis genes.
基金China Scholarship Council for the award of fellowship and funding(NO.201708510113)the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.52071067 and U1737102)+1 种基金Mobility Programme of the Sino-German Center(M-0056)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(N2002009)。
文摘In order to study the substrate lattice structure(Li addition)on the growth of plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)coatings,Mg Li alloy(11.36 wt.%of Li,cubic)and pure Mg(hexagonal)were treated under a pulsed direct PEO mode in a phosphate electrolyte for different periods of time.The results revealed that the presence of Li and Li-rich phases in the cubic Mg alloy seems to be essential for the treatment result rather than the original lattice structure.A modified discharge behavior of Mg Li alloy finally led to a different microstructure of the coating.The unstable coatings of Mg Li alloy tended to dissolve rapidly though shared the similar composition to that of pure Mg.Li was incorporated only in the primary conversion products at the interface of coating/Mg Li.In spite of the advanced efficiency of energy input during processing,the more porous and thinner PEO coatings on the Mg Li alloy were less resistant to abrasion and corrosion.
基金the financial surpport from China Scholarship Council(CSC)。
文摘To understand the formation and growth of plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO) coatings in presence of different secondary phases in a substrate,PEO treatment was carried out on AlSi9 Cu3 alloy at different treatment times ranging from 15 s to 480 s.The coating formation and evolution process was traced by surface and cross-sectional observation of the layers on the different phases of the alloy.The results demonstrated a sequential involvement of the different phases in the plasma discharges:firstly,discharges start on the α-Al matrix,then on the intermetallic Al2 Cu and β-Al5 FeSi phases at the same time and finally on the eutectic Si.The presence of intermetallic Al2 Cu remarkably affects the initial dissolution,the deposition of conversion products and the ignition of discharges at the early stages of processing.Eutectic Si in the substrate exhibits the highest electrochemical stability at all stages and contributes in the beginning to a distinct coating morphology eventually.The resultant PEO coating tends to be uniform if processing times are longer and a double-layer structure appears in the coating.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2017YFE0300500,2017YFE0300501)No.2018YFE0309100National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11705052,11875124,11905050,11875020 and U1867222)。
文摘Several results based on the Langmuir probes’data on the HL-2A tokamak are presented.The blob structures’radial and poloidal drift velocities,estimated by the gradient of floating potential and by time delay evaluation,are compared in different line-averaged density and electron cyclotron resonance heating conditions.A positive correlation is observed in the comparison between blobs’radial velocity estimated by the two methods mentioned above,regardless of the situation differences mentioned above.Correlation is also observed in the comparison between the blobs’poloidal velocity estimated by the two methods in different situations,while a shift due to the different line-averaged density is observed.These results imply that the radial gradient of floating potential may have some value as a reference during data analysis in low-parameter discharge.
基金China Scholarship Council for the award of fellowship and funding(No.202006370022).
文摘In this paper,the formation process,morphology,and electrochemical performance of PEO coatings on AM50 magnesium alloy prepared in low concentration phosphate,aluminate,and phosphate-aluminate electrolytes were systematically studied.The results show that the coatings prepared from the phosphate electrolytes have a higher thickness and better corrosion resistance properties compared to the other electrolytes.The coatings prepared from low concentration phosphate-aluminate mixed electrolytes have slightly thinner thickness,a similar coating structure and an order of magnitude lower value of electrochemical impedance compared with phosphate electrolyte coatings.The Coatings prepared from low concentration aluminate electrolytes have the lowest thickness and the worst corrosion resistance properties which gets close to corrosion behavior of the bare AM50 under the same test conditions.Considering application,coatings prepared from single low concentration phosphate electrolytes and low concentration phosphate-aluminate electrolytes have greater potential than single low concentration aluminate coatings.However,reducing the electrolyte concentrations of coating forming ions too much has negative influence on the coating growth rate.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen City(3502Z20227307)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81472458,82372809)the Special Fund for Public Welfare Research Institutes of Fujian Province(2023R1001001,2023R1001003,2023R1035).
文摘The high mortality rate associated with gastric cancer(GC)has resulted in an urgent need to identify novel therapeutic targets for GC.This study aimed to investigate whether GAIP interacting protein,C terminus 1(GIPC1)represents a therapeutic target and its regulating mechanism in GC.GIPC1 expression was elevated in GC tissues,liver metastasis tissues,and lymph node metastases.GIPC1 knockdown or GIPC1 blocking peptide blocked the platelet-derived growth factor receptor(PDGFR)/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,and inhibited the proliferation and migration of GC cells.Conversely,GIPC1 overexpression markedly activated the PDGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,and promoted GC cell proliferation and migration.Furthermore,platelet-derived growth factor subunit BB(PDGF-BB)cytokines and the AKT inhibitor attenuated the effect of differential GIPC1 expression.Moreover,GIPC1 silencing decreased tumor growth and migration in BALB/c nude mice,while GIPC1 overexpression had contrasting effects.Taken together,our findings suggest that GIPC1 functions as an oncogene in GC and plays a central role in regulating cell proliferation and migration via the PDGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82270249).
文摘To the Editor Congenital coronary artery anomalies(CAAs)are characterized by abnormalities in the origins,course,or termination of the three main epicardial coronary arteries[1,2].These anomalies can result in a spectrum of clinical manifestations,from chest pain and angina to more severe conditions such as microcirculation disorders,heart failure,or even sudden cardiac death.Among CAAs,the duplication of the left anterior descending artery(LAD)is particularly rare and usually misdiagnosed[3].
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3901902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52203037,52103031,and 52073107)。
文摘Fiber fabrics have been wildly utilized for solar interracial evaporators to address freshwater scarcity.However,the complex and expensive manufacturing processes remain limited to their scalable development.Herein,a fabric-based Janus interracial evaporator is efficiently fabricated on a large scale by integrating an extremely innovative self-designed melt-centrifugal spinning technology with spray coating technology.The prepared fabric-based Janus interfacial evaporator has differential hydrophilicity,uneven surfaces,and channels that allow moisture escape.Benefiting from the excellent photothermai conversion of graphene oxide and the charge transfer actions of titanium dioxide,such a multifunction evaporator can reach a high evaporation rate of 1.72 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)under 1 sun irradiation,a superior antibacterial rate of 99%,excellent photocatalytic degradation,and effective thermoelectric ability simultaneously.Moreover,it also shows fantastic performance in salt resistance,recyclable evaporation,and real desalination,This work demonstrates a high-efficiency,cost-effective,multifunctional,and scalable strategy for high-performance fiber fabrics solar interfacial evaporation.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52203037,52103031,and 52073107)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(Grant No.2022CFB649)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3901902).
文摘Liquid leakage of pipeline networks not only results in considerableresource wastage but also leads to environmental pollution and ecological imbalance.In response to this global issue, a bioinspired superhydrophobic thermoplastic polyurethane/carbon nanotubes/graphene nanosheets flexible strain sensor (TCGS) hasbeen developed using a combination of micro-extrusion compression molding andsurface modification for real-time wireless detection of liquid leakage. The TCGSutilizes the synergistic effects of Archimedean spiral crack arrays and micropores,which are inspired by the remarkable sensory capabilities of scorpions. This designachieves a sensitivity of 218.13 at a strain of 2%, which is an increase of 4300%. Additionally, it demonstrates exceptional durability bywithstanding over 5000 usage cycles. The robust superhydrophobicity of the TCGS significantly enhances sensitivity and stability indetecting small-scale liquid leakage, enabling precise monitoring of liquid leakage across a wide range of sizes, velocities, and compositionswhile issuing prompt alerts. This provides critical early warnings for both industrial pipelines and potential liquid leakage scenariosin everyday life. The development and utilization of bioinspired ultrasensitive flexible strain sensors offer an innovative and effectivesolution for the early wireless detection of liquid leakage.
文摘目的:调查成都市新都区小学生近视现状,分析本地区小学生近视的流行病学特点及相关影响因素。方法:采用分层整群随机抽样调查的方法,抽取成都市新都区4所小学的一年级到六年级学生,每个年级3个班,分别进行眼科检查和问卷调查,用SPSS21.0软件进行统计分析。结果:共有3 324名学生参与本次调查,近视的学生1 124人,近视率33.81%。不同性别、不同年龄、不同年级、吃水果蔬菜和喝牛奶频次、父母监督和提醒学生用眼习惯频次、在家看书写字光线情况、每天连续家庭作业及看书时间、睡眠时间、每天课外活动时间、课间休息时去户外活动或做眼保健操频次、躺着看书或在晃动的车内看书频次、看书写字姿势以及父母双方患有近视情况的学生近视患病情况存在不同( P <0.05)。多因素回归分析发现:年级、性别、父母监督和提醒用眼习惯、在家看书写字的光线、每天连续家庭作业及看书时间、每天课外活动时间、躺着看书或在晃动的车内看书、看书写字姿势是否正确、父母近视情况均为近视的独立影响因素,其中父母监督和提醒用眼习惯为影响近视的保护因素,其余各指标均为危险因素。结论:青少年近视与环境、遗传等多种因素有关,应尽早采取相应措施,延缓其发生发展。
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52174290).
文摘To explain the influence mechanism of MgO on the consolidation and reduction characteristics of roasted iron pellets,the properties and structure of pellets were investigated from multi-dimensions.It indicated that the MgO addition decreased the reduction swelling index(RSI)and reduction degree of pellets in both CO and H_(2)atmospheres.During the stepwise reduction process of Fe2O3→Fe3O4→FeO,the reduction behaviour of pellets in CO and H_(2)was similar,while the reduction rate of pellets in H_(2)atmosphere was almost twice as high as that in CO atmosphere.During the stepwise reduction process of FeO→Fe,the RSI of pellets showed a logarithmic increase in CO atmosphere and a linear decrease in H_(2)atmosphere.As investigated by first-principles calculations,C and Fe mainly formed chemical bonds,and the CO reduction process released energy,promoting the formation of iron whiskers.However,H and Fe produced weak physical adsorption,and the H_(2)reduction process was endothermic,inhibiting the generation of iron whiskers.With Mg2+doping in FexO,the nucleation region of iron whiskers expanded in CO reduction process,and the morphology of iron whiskers transformed from“slender”to“stocky,”reducing RSI of the pellets.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant NOs.:82272935,91957120 and 21974114)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(Program No.:GZC20240901)+5 种基金the Xiamen Medical Industry Combined Guidance Project,China(Project No.:3502Z20244ZD2022)the Scientific Research Foundation for Advanced Talents,Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University,China(Grant No.:PM20180917008)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant No.:20720210001)Major Science and Technology Special Project of Fujian Province,China(Project No.:2022YZ036012)Joint Laboratory of School of Medicine,Xiamen University-Shanghai Jiangxia Blood Technology Co.,Ltd.,China(Grant No.:XDHT2020010C)Joint Research Center of School of Medicine,Xiamen University-Jiangsu Charity Biotech Co.,Ltd.,China(Grant No.:20233160C0002).
文摘Ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA)is a naturally occurring,low-toxicity,and hydrophilic bile acid(BA)in the human body that is converted by intestinal flora using primary BA.Solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11)functions to uptake extracellular cystine in exchange for glutamate,and is highly expressed in a variety of human cancers.Retroperitoneal liposarcoma(RLPS)refers to liposarcoma originating from the retroperitoneal area.Lipidomics analysis revealed that UDCA was one of the most significantly downregulated metabolites in sera of RLPS patients compared with healthy subjects.The augmentation of UDCA concentration(≥25 mg/mL)demonstrated a suppressive effect on the proliferation of liposarcoma cells.[15N2]-cystine and[13C5]-glutamine isotope tracing revealed that UDCA impairs cystine uptake and glutathione(GSH)synthesis.Mechanistically,UDCA binds to the cystine transporter SLC7A11 to inhibit cystine uptake and impair GSH de novo synthesis,leading to reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation and mitochondrial oxidative damage.Furthermore,UDCA can promote the anti-cancer effects of ferroptosis inducers(Erastin,RSL3),the murine double minute 2(MDM2)inhibitors(Nutlin 3a,RG7112),cyclin dependent kinase 4(CDK4)inhibitor(Abemaciclib),and glutaminase inhibitor(CB839).Together,UDCA functions as a cystine exchange factor that binds to SLC7A11 for antitumor activity,and SLC7A11 is not only a new transporter for BA but also a clinically applicable target for UDCA.More importantly,in combination with other antitumor chemotherapy or physiotherapy treatments,UDCA may provide effective and promising treatment strategies for RLPS or other types of tumors in a ROS-dependent manner.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(3236062242388101)+2 种基金the Specific Research Fund of the Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province(YSPTZX202152)the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety,State Administration for Market Regulation(KF-2025001)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M760311).
文摘Saxitoxin(STX)is a marine biotoxin produced by cyanobacteria and methanobacteria,which is harmful to humans and aquatic organisms.Therefore,it is urgent to establish an efficient,sensitive and selective method for the screening of STX.In this paper,based on the HAuCl_(4)/H_(2)O_(2)reaction system,gold nanoparticles(Au NPs)decorated Fe_(3)O_(4)magnetic beads(Fe3O4@Au NPs)and Pt/Au nanozymes(Pt/Au NZs),an improved surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)aptasensor was proposed for sensitive and selective detection of STX.Firstly,SERS tag(4-mercaptobenzoic acid)and aptamer modified Fe3O4@Au NPs were hybridized with complementary DNA modified Pt/Au NZs(Pt/Au-cDNA)to form the specific complexes.Wherein,aptamer acted as capture agent to specifically recognize STX,Pt/Au NZs catalyzed HAuCl_(4)/H_(2)O_(2)reaction to enhance SERS signal,and Fe_(3)O_(4)facilitated the magnetic separation and simple detection operations.The SERS aptasensor achieved sensitive detection of STX with a wide linear range from 0.02 to 0.8μmol/L and a low limit of detection(LOD)of 13 nmol/L(signal-to-noise(S/N)=3).To evaluate the performance of this method,STX were detected in the spiked seafood samples with recoveries from 78.75%to 150%with relative standard deviation below 6.52%.Besides,the SERS aptasensor behaved good stability and repeatability,revealing its promising potential in STX detection and food safety detection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42207128 and 41273095)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(No.2008085MD111)the Key Research Projects of Natural Science in Colleges and Universities of Anhui Province(No.KJ2021A0091).
文摘As important precursors of ozone(O_(3))and secondary organic aerosol(SOA),reactive aromatic hydrocarbons(AHs)have typically been classified as anthropogenic air pollutants.However,biogenic emission can also be a potential source of atmospheric AHs.Herein,field observations in a eutrophic lake were combined with laboratory incubation experiments to investigate the biogenic AH emission.Field work showed that the water-air fluxes of AHs measured at sites with high cyanobacteria abundance could reach an order of magnitude greater than those at sites with low cyanobacteria abundance,suggesting that cyanobacteria could be the important contributor to measured AHs.Laboratory incubation experiments further confirmed the AH emission of cyanobacteria and revealed that the emission could change significantly over the lifespan of cyanobacteria and varied to their growing conditions.By combining field observations and laboratory incubation experiments,it has been suggested that the emission of different AH species from cyanobacteria could be modulated by variable biogeochemical mechanisms and that the biochemical process of toluene could be different from that of other AHs.This study investigates AH emissions from inland aquatic ecosystem and suggests that biogenic emission could be a potential source of atmospheric AHs.
文摘While biventricular assist devices(BiVADs)remain underutilized in Western countries for biventricular heart failure(BHF),their application is expanding in China.This consensus synthesizes international guidelines,medical evidence,and Chinese clinical expertise to establish standardized protocols for BiVAD management.Key recommendations include:(1)Preoperative right heart catheterization and echocardiography for central venous pressure(CVP):pulmonary capillary wedge pressure(PCWP)ratio and pulmonary artery pulsatility index(PAPi)assessment(Class I);(2)BiVAD indication in refractory BHF or high-risk right heart failure post-left ventricular assist device(LVAD)implantation(Class IIa);(3)Right atrial implantation as the preferred surgical approach(Class IIa);(4)Warfarin-based anticoagulation(INR 2.0–2.5)with aspirin,avoiding direct oral anticoagulants(DOACs)(Class III).The guidance addresses critical gaps in patient selection,pump speed titration,and complication management,positioning integrated BiVAD systems as a promising solution for complex BHF.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Basic Science Center Program for Multiscale Problems in Nonlinear Mechanics(Grant No.11988102).
文摘Nonlinear energy transfer is represented through eddy viscosity and stochastic forcing within the framework of resolvent analysis.Previous investigations estimate the contribution of eddy-viscosity-enhanced resolvent opera-tor to nonlinear energy transfer.The present article estimates the contribution of stochastic forcing to nonlinear energy transfer and demonstrates that the contribution of stochastic forcing cannot be ignored.These results are achieved by numerically comparing the eddy-viscosity-enhanced resolvent operator and stochastic forcing with nonlinear energy transfer in turbulent channel flows.Furthermore,the numerical results indicate that composite resolvent operators can improve the prediction of nonlinear energy transfer.
