A survey of 35 tree species （belonging to 28 genera in 19 families） in Aliyar, South India was carried out to ascertain their arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） and dark septate endophyte （DSE） fungal status. All the t...A survey of 35 tree species （belonging to 28 genera in 19 families） in Aliyar, South India was carried out to ascertain their arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） and dark septate endophyte （DSE） fungal status. All the tree species examined had AM association. AM and DSE coloni- zation is reported for the first time in 20 and 14 species respectively. Co- occurrence of AM and DSE was observed in 14 （40%） tree species. The extent of DSE colonization was inversely related to the extent of AM fungal colonization. Six tree species had Arum-type, 18 had intermediate- type and 11 had typical Paris-type AM morphology. AM fungal spore morphotypes belonging to 11 species in two genera were isolated from the rhizosphere soil. AM fungal spore numbers were not related to the ex- tent of AM colonization and Glomus dominated spore diversity. AM association individually and along with DSE were found respectively in the 63% and 44% of the economically important tree species. The occur- rence of AM and DSE fungal association in economically important indigenous tree species indicates the possibility of exploiting this asso- ciation in future conservation programmes of these species.展开更多
MigroGrid(MG)has emerged to resolve the growing demand for energy.But because of its inconsistent output,it can result in various power quality(PQ)issues.PQ is a problem that is becoming more and more important for th...MigroGrid(MG)has emerged to resolve the growing demand for energy.But because of its inconsistent output,it can result in various power quality(PQ)issues.PQ is a problem that is becoming more and more important for the reliability of power systems that use renewable energy sources.Similarly,the employment of nonlinear loads will introduce harmonics into the system and,as a result,cause distortions in the current and voltage waveforms as well as low power quality issues in the supply system.Thus,this research focuses on power quality enhancement in the MG using hybrid shunt filters.However,the performance of the filter mainly depends upon the design,and stability of the controller.The efficiency of the proposed filter is enhanced by incorporating an enhanced adaptive fuzzy neural network(AFNN)controller.The performance of the proposed topology is examined in a MATLAB/Simulink environment,and experimental findings are provided to validate the effectiveness of this approach.Further,the results of the proposed controller are compared with Adaptive Fuzzy Back-Stepping(AFBS)and Adaptive Fuzzy Sliding(AFS)to prove its superiority over power quality improvement in MG.From the analysis,it can be observed that the proposed system reduces the total harmonic distortion by about 1.8%,which is less than the acceptable limit standard.展开更多
文摘A survey of 35 tree species （belonging to 28 genera in 19 families） in Aliyar, South India was carried out to ascertain their arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） and dark septate endophyte （DSE） fungal status. All the tree species examined had AM association. AM and DSE coloni- zation is reported for the first time in 20 and 14 species respectively. Co- occurrence of AM and DSE was observed in 14 （40%） tree species. The extent of DSE colonization was inversely related to the extent of AM fungal colonization. Six tree species had Arum-type, 18 had intermediate- type and 11 had typical Paris-type AM morphology. AM fungal spore morphotypes belonging to 11 species in two genera were isolated from the rhizosphere soil. AM fungal spore numbers were not related to the ex- tent of AM colonization and Glomus dominated spore diversity. AM association individually and along with DSE were found respectively in the 63% and 44% of the economically important tree species. The occur- rence of AM and DSE fungal association in economically important indigenous tree species indicates the possibility of exploiting this asso- ciation in future conservation programmes of these species.
文摘MigroGrid(MG)has emerged to resolve the growing demand for energy.But because of its inconsistent output,it can result in various power quality(PQ)issues.PQ is a problem that is becoming more and more important for the reliability of power systems that use renewable energy sources.Similarly,the employment of nonlinear loads will introduce harmonics into the system and,as a result,cause distortions in the current and voltage waveforms as well as low power quality issues in the supply system.Thus,this research focuses on power quality enhancement in the MG using hybrid shunt filters.However,the performance of the filter mainly depends upon the design,and stability of the controller.The efficiency of the proposed filter is enhanced by incorporating an enhanced adaptive fuzzy neural network(AFNN)controller.The performance of the proposed topology is examined in a MATLAB/Simulink environment,and experimental findings are provided to validate the effectiveness of this approach.Further,the results of the proposed controller are compared with Adaptive Fuzzy Back-Stepping(AFBS)and Adaptive Fuzzy Sliding(AFS)to prove its superiority over power quality improvement in MG.From the analysis,it can be observed that the proposed system reduces the total harmonic distortion by about 1.8%,which is less than the acceptable limit standard.
