Adequate pavement skid resistance is a key requirement for safe road operations.Unfortunately,the measurement and prediction of the skid resistance property of an in-service road pavement,or pavement mixture specimens...Adequate pavement skid resistance is a key requirement for safe road operations.Unfortunately,the measurement and prediction of the skid resistance property of an in-service road pavement,or pavement mixture specimens in the laboratory,is a highly challenging process from both theoretical and practical points of view.For more than 60 years,owing to the lack of theoretical solutions to the complex tire-fluid-pavement interaction problem,the practice of pavement skid resistance determination and prediction has essentially been derived from experimental and field observed data.The rapid development of efficient numerical computational techniques and high-power computing facilities in the last two decades made it possible for researchers to numerically solve the tire-fluidpavement interaction problem.It enables the numerical evaluation and prediction of high-speed wet skid resistance,and the determination of the tire-pavement kinetic friction coefficient in the evaluation of low-speed skid resistance.This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of the research development of theoretical mechanistic approaches in the determination and prediction of pavement skid resistance.It covers the following main aspects of the subject matter:(i)mechanisms of skid resistance generation in dry,wetted(i.e.,damp),wet and flooded pavements;(ii)theoretical evaluation of pavement skid resistance in dry,wetted,wet and flooded states;(iii)theoretical approaches in pavement skid resistance prediction;and(iv)concepts of representing the skid resistance state of pavement.The capability of finite element simulation approach for wet skid resistance evaluation with good accuracy is explained.Also highlighted is the practical significance of the Concept of Skid Resistance State.Areas of practical applications of the concept,coupled with the simulation model,are introduced.They include applications in driving safety analysis,road safety design and control,design of paving mixtures,safety maintenance and management of pavements,and harmonization of skid resistance measurements and predictions.展开更多
Airport pavement engineers are required to maintain pavement skid resistance at a satisfactory level to minimize the likelihood of runway excursions.Runway overruns and skidding along rapid exit taxiways are the two m...Airport pavement engineers are required to maintain pavement skid resistance at a satisfactory level to minimize the likelihood of runway excursions.Runway overruns and skidding along rapid exit taxiways are the two most frequently encountered forms of runway excursion accidents.Currently only empirical statistical models based on historical accident data are available to predict the risks of runway excursions.All such models fail to account for the impacts of pavement skid resistance properties.Mechanistic solutions of the tire-fluid-pavement interaction problem are now available,and the impacts of pavement skid resistance properties on runway excursion accidents can now be quantitatively evaluated.This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of recent research developments on the topic.It highlights the Concept of Pavement Skid Resistance State which provides(i)a logical theoretical framework for mechanistic representation of tire-pavement skid resistance,and(ii)an approach for modeling of the physical process of aircraft skidding and hydroplaning.Next,runway excursion risk prediction models are presented for risk evaluation of aircraft hydroplaning,runway overruns,and rapid exit taxiway excursions.Also examined in detail mechanistically is the effectiveness of pavement grooving in reducing the risks of runway excursions.The review clearly confirms the capability of mechanistic approach in analyzing runway excursions for the purpose of enhancing safe aircraft operations on airport runways.展开更多
文摘Adequate pavement skid resistance is a key requirement for safe road operations.Unfortunately,the measurement and prediction of the skid resistance property of an in-service road pavement,or pavement mixture specimens in the laboratory,is a highly challenging process from both theoretical and practical points of view.For more than 60 years,owing to the lack of theoretical solutions to the complex tire-fluid-pavement interaction problem,the practice of pavement skid resistance determination and prediction has essentially been derived from experimental and field observed data.The rapid development of efficient numerical computational techniques and high-power computing facilities in the last two decades made it possible for researchers to numerically solve the tire-fluidpavement interaction problem.It enables the numerical evaluation and prediction of high-speed wet skid resistance,and the determination of the tire-pavement kinetic friction coefficient in the evaluation of low-speed skid resistance.This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of the research development of theoretical mechanistic approaches in the determination and prediction of pavement skid resistance.It covers the following main aspects of the subject matter:(i)mechanisms of skid resistance generation in dry,wetted(i.e.,damp),wet and flooded pavements;(ii)theoretical evaluation of pavement skid resistance in dry,wetted,wet and flooded states;(iii)theoretical approaches in pavement skid resistance prediction;and(iv)concepts of representing the skid resistance state of pavement.The capability of finite element simulation approach for wet skid resistance evaluation with good accuracy is explained.Also highlighted is the practical significance of the Concept of Skid Resistance State.Areas of practical applications of the concept,coupled with the simulation model,are introduced.They include applications in driving safety analysis,road safety design and control,design of paving mixtures,safety maintenance and management of pavements,and harmonization of skid resistance measurements and predictions.
文摘Airport pavement engineers are required to maintain pavement skid resistance at a satisfactory level to minimize the likelihood of runway excursions.Runway overruns and skidding along rapid exit taxiways are the two most frequently encountered forms of runway excursion accidents.Currently only empirical statistical models based on historical accident data are available to predict the risks of runway excursions.All such models fail to account for the impacts of pavement skid resistance properties.Mechanistic solutions of the tire-fluid-pavement interaction problem are now available,and the impacts of pavement skid resistance properties on runway excursion accidents can now be quantitatively evaluated.This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of recent research developments on the topic.It highlights the Concept of Pavement Skid Resistance State which provides(i)a logical theoretical framework for mechanistic representation of tire-pavement skid resistance,and(ii)an approach for modeling of the physical process of aircraft skidding and hydroplaning.Next,runway excursion risk prediction models are presented for risk evaluation of aircraft hydroplaning,runway overruns,and rapid exit taxiway excursions.Also examined in detail mechanistically is the effectiveness of pavement grooving in reducing the risks of runway excursions.The review clearly confirms the capability of mechanistic approach in analyzing runway excursions for the purpose of enhancing safe aircraft operations on airport runways.
