1 Summary Mathematical modeling has become a cornerstone in understanding the complex dynamics of infectious diseases and chronic health conditions.With the advent of more refined computational techniques,researchers ...1 Summary Mathematical modeling has become a cornerstone in understanding the complex dynamics of infectious diseases and chronic health conditions.With the advent of more refined computational techniques,researchers are now able to incorporate intricate features such as delays,stochastic effects,fractional dynamics,variable-order systems,and uncertainty into epidemic models.These advancements not only improve predictive accuracy but also enable deeper insights into disease transmission,control,and policy-making.Tashfeen et al.展开更多
The current investigation focuses on intertwined relationships of ecology and aquaculture for the benefit of farmers involved in fish farming practices.The study evaluated glucosinolate reduction in black,brown,and wh...The current investigation focuses on intertwined relationships of ecology and aquaculture for the benefit of farmers involved in fish farming practices.The study evaluated glucosinolate reduction in black,brown,and white mustard meals as fish feed ingredients for Indian Major Carps.Fish were fed with 10%mustard meal-supplemented diets in three forms:Raw(R),Anti-nutritional Rich(AR),and Anti-nutritional Lowered(AL),alongside a control group using floating feed.The three-month indoor experiment(September-November 2023)was conducted in FRP tanks with triplicate treatments.Blood analysis revealed compromised health in AR-fed carps,with reduced hemoglobin levels in rohu,catla and mrigal and elevated total leukocyte counts indicating inflammation in all the three carps studied here.Liver function was impaired in AR-fed fish,shown by increased alanine transaminase levels,highest in rohu followed by mrigal and catla.Histopathological examination of AR-fed carps liver tissue revealed necrotic spots,deformed hepatocytes,and significant vacuolation.In contrast,AL-fed fish demonstrated improved health parameters through Complete Blood Count analysis,liver function tests,and histo-pathological observations,suggesting successful reduction of anti-nutritional factors in the processed mustard meals.In near future,replacement of unprocessed seed meal with processed seed meal will lead to economic gains in fish farming.展开更多
Scrub typhus is an acute undifferentiated febrile infectious disease transmitted by a chigger(genus Leptotrombidium)bite carrying Orientia(O.)tsutsugamushi,affecting millions of people annually while more than one bil...Scrub typhus is an acute undifferentiated febrile infectious disease transmitted by a chigger(genus Leptotrombidium)bite carrying Orientia(O.)tsutsugamushi,affecting millions of people annually while more than one billion people are susceptible.Endemic areas are expanding to Africa,Europe,Middle East,and South America which is concerning,as despite best efforts,there is no vaccine to combat the bacteria.There are now three species of Orientia and over 20 strains of O.tsutsugamushi.The past attempts to develop a vaccine have been ineffective as they confer homologous strain-specific immunity.Various immunogenic proteins of O.tsutsugamushi have been identified that interact with the extracellular matrix(fibronectin)or vMLL5 receptor and modify the cytoskeleton of non-phagocytic host cells,which aids in host cell adhesion and invasion.These highly conserved proteins involve type specific antigen 56(TSA56),47 kDa,OmpA,and autotransporter proteins(ScaA,ScaB and ScaC).TSA56 is the most immunogenic and contains four types of hypervariable regions.Out of all autotransporter proteins,ScaA provides the homologous strains specific immunity and when coupled with TSA56 it shows better protective immunity against heterologous strains.The review provides detailed insight into the potential immunogenic proteins of Orientia which can be utilized to develop the vaccine.Furthermore,studies focused on highly antigenic proteins will provide more insight into their roles in developing therapeutics and easy-to-handle rapid diagnostic kits.展开更多
Two-dimensional MXenes are renowned for their remarkable electrical conductivity and electrochemical activity making them highly promising for electrode applications.However,the restacking of MXene nanosheets impairs ...Two-dimensional MXenes are renowned for their remarkable electrical conductivity and electrochemical activity making them highly promising for electrode applications.However,the restacking of MXene nanosheets impairs their functionality by reducing active sites and obstructing ionic transport.This study presents a facile synthesis approach for nickel-intercalated MXene,designed to enhance surface reactivity,avoid restacking,and achieve improved electrochemical performance.Electrochemical studies revealed that the nickel-MXene hybrid showed better cycling stability,retaining 83.7%of its capacity after 10000 cycles and attaining an energy density of 26 Wh kg^(-1) at a power density of 1872Wkg^(-1).It also exhibited overpotentials of 109 and 482 mV at 10 and 100 mA cm^(-2),respectively,in the hydrogen evolution reaction.To predict the structural and electrical alterations caused by nickel inclusion,as well as to understand the intercalation mechanism,spin-polarized density functional theory calculations were carried out.The theoretical results showed an improved carrier concentration for nickel-MXene.Nickel-MXene possessed superior electronic characteristics and surplus active sites with hexagonal closed-packed(hcp)edge sites,which enhanced electrochemical properties.Our results demonstrate that nickel intercalation prevents the restacking of MXene but also significantly improves their electrochemical characteristics,making them ideal for energy storage and catalytic applications.展开更多
Background:Hypertension is a significant public health concern and a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases worldwide.Urbanization has contributed to an increased prevalence of hypertension by introducing lifestyle-...Background:Hypertension is a significant public health concern and a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases worldwide.Urbanization has contributed to an increased prevalence of hypertension by introducing lifestyle-related risk factors such as physical inactivity,unhealthy dietary patterns,and stress.Region-specific tools for assessing hypertension risk factors are essential for designing effective public health interventions.Objectives:This study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire to assess the risk factors for hypertension in the urban population of Mysuru and identify the prevalence of key modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 participants aged 18-60 years in urban Mysuru.A 40-item questionnaire was developed based on literature review and expert input.It included domains such as sociodemographic factors,lifestyle habits,and clinical history.Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha,while construct validity was assessed through exploratory factor analysis.Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were used for data analysis.Results:The questionnaire demonstrated high internal consistency(Cronbach’s alpha>0.7)and satisfactory construct validity.Key findings included a high prevalence of low physical activity(60%),high salt intake(50%),and overweight individuals(30%).In addition,40%of participants reported a family history of hypertension,and 18%had prediabetes.These findings emphasize the role of modifiable risk factors in the rising hypertension burden in urban settings.Conclusion:The developed and validated questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool for assessing hypertension risk factors in urban populations.展开更多
The widespread and growing interest in the Internet of Things(IoT)may be attributed to its usefulness in many different fields.Physical settings are probed for data,which is then transferred via linked networks.There ...The widespread and growing interest in the Internet of Things(IoT)may be attributed to its usefulness in many different fields.Physical settings are probed for data,which is then transferred via linked networks.There are several hurdles to overcome when putting IoT into practice,from managing server infrastructure to coordinating the use of tiny sensors.When it comes to deploying IoT,everyone agrees that security is the biggest issue.This is due to the fact that a large number of IoT devices exist in the physicalworld and thatmany of themhave constrained resources such as electricity,memory,processing power,and square footage.This research intends to analyse resource-constrained IoT devices,including RFID tags,sensors,and smart cards,and the issues involved with protecting them in such restricted circumstances.Using lightweight cryptography,the information sent between these gadgets may be secured.In order to provide a holistic picture,this research evaluates and contrasts well-known algorithms based on their implementation cost,hardware/software efficiency,and attack resistance features.We also emphasised how essential lightweight encryption is for striking a good cost-to-performance-to-security ratio.展开更多
MXenes,the most recent addition to the 2D material family,have attracted significant attention owing to their distinctive characteristics,including high surface area,conductivity,surface characteristics,mechanical str...MXenes,the most recent addition to the 2D material family,have attracted significant attention owing to their distinctive characteristics,including high surface area,conductivity,surface characteristics,mechanical strength,etc.This review begins by presenting MXenes,providing insights into their structural characteristics,synthesis methods,and surface functional groups.The review covers a thorough analysis of MXene surface properties,including surface chemistry and termination group impacts.The properties of MXenes are influenced by their synthesis,which can be fluorine-based or fluorinedependent.Fluorine-based synthesis techniques involve etching with fluorine-based reagents,mainly including HF or LiF/HCl,while fluorine-free methods include electrochemical etching,chemical vapor deposition(CVD),alkaline etching,Lewis acid-based etching,etc.These techniques result in the emergence of functional groups such as-F,-O,-OH,-Cl,etc.on the MXenes surface,depending on the synthesis method used.Properties of MXenes,such as electrical conductivity,electronic properties,catalytic activity,magnetic properties,mechanical strength,and chemical and thermal stability,are examined,and the role of functional groups in determining these properties is explored.The review delves into the diverse applications of MXenes,encompassing supercapacitors,battery materials,hydrogen storage,fuel cells,electromagnetic interference(EMI) shielding,pollutant removal,water purification,flexible electronics,sensors,additive manufacturing,catalysis,biomedical and healthcare fields,etc.Finally,this article outlines the challenges and opportunities in the current and future development of MXenes research,addressing various aspects such as synthesis scalability,etching challenges,and multifunctionality,and exploring novel applications.The review concludes with future prospects and conclusions envisioning the impact of MXenes on future technologies and innovation.展开更多
Biphasic layered oxide cathodes,known for their superior electrochemical performance,are prime candidates for commercializing in Na-ion batteries.Herein,we unveil a series of P3/P2 monophasic and biphasic Al-substitut...Biphasic layered oxide cathodes,known for their superior electrochemical performance,are prime candidates for commercializing in Na-ion batteries.Herein,we unveil a series of P3/P2 monophasic and biphasic Al-substituted Na_(3/4)Mn_(5-x/8)Al_(2x/8)Ni_(3-x/8)O_(2)layered oxide cathodes that lie along the‘zero Mn^(3+)line’in the Na_(3/4)(Mn-Al-Ni)O_(2)pseudo-ternary system.The structural analysis showed a larger Na^(+)conduction bottleneck area in both P3 and P2 structures with a higher Al3+content,which enhanced their rate performance.In each composition,the P3/P2 biphasic compound with nearly equal fractions of P3 and P2 phases outperformed their monophasic counterparts in almost all electrochemical performance parameters.Operando synchrotron XRD measurements obtained for the monophasic P3 and biphasic P2/P3 samples revealed the absence of the O3 phase during cycling.The high structure stability and faster Na^(+)transport kinetics in the biphasic samples underpins the enhancement of electrochemical properties in the Al-substituted P3/P2 cathodes.These results highlight fixed oxidation state lines as a novel tool to identify and design layered oxide cathodes for Na-ion batteries in pseudo-ternary diagrams involving Jahn-Teller active cations.展开更多
Amoebiasis, classified as the third intestinal parasitic infection, represents a public health problem in low-income countries where hygiene and sanitation conditions are poor. With the resurgence of resistant pathoge...Amoebiasis, classified as the third intestinal parasitic infection, represents a public health problem in low-income countries where hygiene and sanitation conditions are poor. With the resurgence of resistant pathogenic strains as well as ancestral considerations in developing countries such as Cameroon, many people rely on medicinal plants to treat a plethora of diseases. This work aimed to highlight the anti-amoebic and anti-oxidant potential of Codiaeum variegatum extracts and fractions. The anti-amoebic potential of C. variegatum was assayed on the polyxenic culture of the clinical isolates of E. histolytica. Then, the anti-oxidant potential of the ethanolic/hydroethanolic extracts and fractions was evaluated through DPPH radical scavenging, iron reduction (FRAP), lipid peroxidation inhibitory potential and total antioxidant capacity tests followed by the determination of phenolic compound and flavonoid content. It was found that the fractionation process decreased the amoebicidal activities of C. variegatum leaf extracts. However hydroethanolic extract (CI<sub>50</sub>: 10.08 ± 0.42, 5.18 ± 0.09, 5.18 ± 0.09 μg/mL respectively after 24, 48 and 72 hours) was more active than ethanolic extract (CI<sub>50</sub>: 15.59 ± 6.17;9.61 ± 2.37;6.26 ± 3.22 μg/mL respectively after 24, 48 and 72 hours). Interestingly, the activities of hydroethanolic extract were significantly non-different compared to metronidazole CI<sub>50</sub>: 8.42 ± 0.44, 6.45 ± 0.22 and 3.42 ± 0.33 μg/mL, respectively after 24, 48 and 72 hours). Ethanolic extract and EF5 showed higher Phenolic compound contents and higher antioxidant activity than hydroethanolic extract and other fractions through DPPH radical scavenging power (EC50 = 311.50 ± 4.12 μg/mL) and total antioxidant capacity (44 ± 0.07 mgEAA/gF). However, these activities are significantly lower than those of ascorbic acid (EC50 = 31.20 ± 4.39 μg/mL, and 61.34 ± 4.42 μg/mL respectively). This low antioxidant activity was confirmed by poor phenolic and flavonoid compounds contents found in the extracts and fractions. The present result brings a new approach to the ethnopharmacological uses of C. variegatum against dysentery in cases associated with Amoebiasis in Cameroun.展开更多
Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is a severe secondary and refractory *severe secondary conditio, that accounts for a varying prevalence between 0.01% to 5.1% of all glaucoma those studied in different regions of the world....Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is a severe secondary and refractory *severe secondary conditio, that accounts for a varying prevalence between 0.01% to 5.1% of all glaucoma those studied in different regions of the world. **This is a pathological condition, which is caused by the new vessels over iris surface and followed by fibrovascular membrane formation over the trabecular meshwork, secondary to a local angiogenic stimulus. The fibrovascular membrane over trabecular meshwork obstructs the aqueous outflow at an angle of the anterior chamber. ***The obstruction in outflow of the aqueous results increase of intraocular pressure (IOP), within the eyeball. NVG results from a number of ocular and systemic conditions with retinal ischemia leading to anoxia as a mediator in over 95% of cases. Most of them are affected with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) followed by central retinal venous occlusion (CRVO), and ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS) along with other uncommon causes or all those causes that causes retinal anoxia which led to angiogenic activity in retina and iris of eye. Although NVG overall prevalence is low, but it is a dreadful condition led to blindness. The objective of this review is to provide detailed information on its basic and clinical aspects, to enable us to manage it logically. Here its etiopathogenesis, methods of early diagnosis and management are discussed. It was concluded that if NVG is detected earlier and managed systematically (both medical and surgical) along with an eye on alleviation of different aggravating factors of the retinal hypoxia, it could be a sight-saving measure to the affected person.展开更多
Aorto-pulmonary artery fistula is a rare and lethal occurrence after thoracic surgery and aortic aneurysms. Here we present a rare occurrence of acute aorto-pulmonary artery fistula in outpatient department in a follo...Aorto-pulmonary artery fistula is a rare and lethal occurrence after thoracic surgery and aortic aneurysms. Here we present a rare occurrence of acute aorto-pulmonary artery fistula in outpatient department in a follow up patient of aortic valve replacement and discuss challenges faced in diagnosis, etiopathogenesis and management.展开更多
In vitro meat production system is the production of meat outside the food animals by culturing the stem cells derived from farm animals inside the bioreactor by using advanced tissue engineering techniques. Besides w...In vitro meat production system is the production of meat outside the food animals by culturing the stem cells derived from farm animals inside the bioreactor by using advanced tissue engineering techniques. Besides winning the favour of animal rights activists for its humane production of meat, in vitro meat production system also circumvents many of the issues associated with conventional meat production systems, like excessively brutal slaughter of food animals, nutrition-related diseases, foodborne illnesses, resource use, antibiotic-resistant pathogen strains, and massive emissions of methane that contribute to global warming. As the conditions in an in vitro meat production system are controlled and manipulatable, it will be feasible to produce designer, chemically safe and disease-free meat on sustainable basis. However, many challenges are to be faced before cultured meat becomes commercially feasible. Although, the production cost and the public acceptance are of paramount importance, huge funds are desperately required for further research in the field.展开更多
Rauwolfia species(Apocynaceae) are medicinal plants well known worldwide due to its potent bioactive monoterpene indole alkaloids(MIAs) such as reserpine,ajmalicine,ajmaline,serpentine and yohimbine.Reserpine,ajmalici...Rauwolfia species(Apocynaceae) are medicinal plants well known worldwide due to its potent bioactive monoterpene indole alkaloids(MIAs) such as reserpine,ajmalicine,ajmaline,serpentine and yohimbine.Reserpine,ajmalicine and ajmaline are powerful antihypertensive,tranquilizing agents used in hypertension.Yohimbine is an aphrodisiac used in dietary supplements.As there is no report on the comparative and comprehensive phytochemical investigation of the roots of Rauwolfia species,we have developed an efficient and reliable liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC–MS/MS) method for ethanolic root extract of Rauwolfia species to elucidate the fragmentation pathways for dereplication of bioactive MIAs using highperformance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC–ESI–QTOF–MS/MS) in positive ion mode.We identified and established diagnostic fragment ions and fragmentation pathways using reserpine,ajmalicine,ajmaline,serpentine and yohimbine.The MS/MS spectra of reserpine,ajmalicine,and ajmaline showed C-ring-cleavage whereas E-ring cleavage was observed in serpentine via Retro Diels Alder(RDA).A total of 47 bioactive MIAs were identified and characterized on the basis of their molecular formula,exact mass measurements and MS/MS analysis.Reserpine,ajmalicine,ajmaline,serpentine and yohimbine were unambiguously identified by comparison with their authentic standards and other 42 MIAs were tentatively identified and characterized from the roots of Rauwolfia hookeri,Rauwolfia micrantha,Rauwolfia serpentina,Rauwolfia verticillata,Rauwolfia tetraphylla and Rauwolfia vomitoria.Application of LC–MS followed by principal component analysis(PCA) has been successfully used to discriminate among six Rauwolfia species.展开更多
Phyllanthus species plants are a rich source of phenolics and widely used due to their medicinal properties. A liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry(LC–MS/MS) method was developed using high-pressure liquid...Phyllanthus species plants are a rich source of phenolics and widely used due to their medicinal properties. A liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry(LC–MS/MS) method was developed using high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-ESI-QTOFMS/MS) for the identification and characterization of quercetin, kaempferol, ellagic acid and their derivatives in ethanolic extracts of Phyllanthus species. The chromatographic separation was carried out on Thermo Betasil C_8 column(250 mm×4.5 mm, 5 μm) using 0.1% formic acid in water and 0.1% formic acid in methanol as the mobile phase. The identification of diagnostic fragment ions and optimization of collision energies were carried out using 21 reference standards. Totally 51 compounds were identified which include 21 compounds identified and characterized unambiguously by comparison with their authentic standards and the remaining 30 were tentatively identified and characterized in ethanolic extracts of P. emblica, P. fraternus, P. amarus and P.niruri.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the antidiabetic potential of methanolic extract of Albizia odoratissima Benth.bark in alloxan induced diabetic mice.Methods:Group-Ⅰ(normal control) mice received only basal diet without any tre...Objective:To evaluate the antidiabetic potential of methanolic extract of Albizia odoratissima Benth.bark in alloxan induced diabetic mice.Methods:Group-Ⅰ(normal control) mice received only basal diet without any treatment.In Group-Ⅱ(Diabetic control) mice,diabetes was induced by alloxan(150 mg/kg i.p.) and received only Tween 80.5%v/v in normal saline. Group-Ⅲand Group-Ⅳmice received metformin(10 mg/kg) and gliclazide(10 mg/kg) as standard drugs.Group-ⅤandⅥmice received methanolic bark extract of Albizia odoratissima at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight p.o.,respectively.Results:The results of the study indicates that Albizia odoratissima bark extract significantly(P【0.01) reduced the blood sugar level.The bark extract also significantly reduced the levels of serum cholesterol,triglycerides, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase,serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase,alkaline phosphatase and decreases level of total proteins in alloxan induced diabetic mice.Conclusions: Methanolic extract of Albizia odoratissima has protective effects on the protection of vital tissues(pancreas,kidney,liver,heart and spleen),thereby reducing the causation of diabetes in experimental animals.展开更多
AIM To determine percentage of patients of necrotizing pancreatitis(NP) requiring intervention and the types of interventions performed. Outcomes of patients of step up necrosectomy to those of direct necrosectomy wer...AIM To determine percentage of patients of necrotizing pancreatitis(NP) requiring intervention and the types of interventions performed. Outcomes of patients of step up necrosectomy to those of direct necrosectomy were compared. Operative mortality, overall mortality, morbidity and overall length of stay were determined. METHODS After institutional ethics committee clearance and waiver of consent, records of patients of pancreatitis were reviewed. After excluding patients as per criteria, epidemiologic and clinical data of patients of NP was noted. Treatment protocol was reviewed. Data of patients in whom stepup approach was used was compared to those in whom it was not used. RESULTS A total of 41 interventions were required in 39% patients. About 60% interventions targeted the pancreatic necrosis while the rest were required to deal with the complications of the necrosis. Image guided percutaneous catheter drainage was done in 9 patients for infected necrosis all of whom required further necrosectomy and in 3 patients with sterile necrosis. Direct retroperitoneal or anterior necrosectomy was performed in 15 patients. The average time to first intervention was 19.6 d in the non step-up group(range 11-36) vs 18.22 d in the Step-up group(range 13-25). The average hospital stay in non step-up group was 33.3 d vs 38 d in step up group. The mortality in the step-up group was 0%(0/9) vs 13%(2/15) in the non step up group. Overall mortality was 10.3% while post-operative mortality was 8.3%. Average hospital stay was 22.25 d.CONCLUSION Early conservative management plays an important role in management of NP. In patients who require intervention, the approach used and the timing of intervention should be based upon the clinical condition and local expertise available. Delaying intervention and use of minimal invasive means when intervention is necessary is desirable. The step-up approach should be used whenever possible. Even when the classical retroperitoneal catheter drainage is not feasible, there should be an attempt to follow principles of step-up technique to buy time. The outcome of patients in the step-up group compared to the non stepup group is comparable in our series. Interventions for bowel diversion, bypass and hemorrhage control should be done at the appropriate times.展开更多
Objective:To investigate antidiabetic,hypolipidemic histopathological analysis of Dillenia indica(D.indica) methanolic leaves(DIME) extract in alloxan induced diabetic rat by administering oral doses(250 and 500 mg/kg...Objective:To investigate antidiabetic,hypolipidemic histopathological analysis of Dillenia indica(D.indica) methanolic leaves(DIME) extract in alloxan induced diabetic rat by administering oral doses(250 and 500 mg/kg body weight).Methods:Blood glucose levels were measured using blood glucose test strips with elegance glucometer on weekly intervals till the end of study(i.e.3 weeks).Other parameters e.g.liver profile,renal profile and total lipid levels were determined in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats after oral administration of the extract for 21 days.Histopathological changes in diabetic rat organs(pancreas,liver and kidney) were also observed after extract treatment Results:Daily oral administration DIME(250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) and glibenclamide(10 mg/kg) showed beneficial effects on blood glucose level (P【0.001) as well as improving kidney,liver functions and hyperlipidaemia due to diabetes. The extract treatment also showed to enhanced serum insulin level and body weight of diabetic rats as compared to diabetic control group.Furthermore,the extract has a favorable effect on the histopathological changes of the pancreas,liver and kidney in alloxan induced diabetes. Conclusions:D.indica possess antidiabetic property as well improve body weight,liver profile, renal profile and total lipid levels.DIME has also favorable effect to inhibit the histopathological changes of the pancreas and kidney in alloxan induced diabetes.展开更多
We present a new reliable analytical study for solving the discontinued problems arising in nanotechnology. Such problems are presented as nonlinear differential-difference equations. The proposed method is based on t...We present a new reliable analytical study for solving the discontinued problems arising in nanotechnology. Such problems are presented as nonlinear differential-difference equations. The proposed method is based on the Laplace trans- form with the homotopy analysis method （HAM）. This method is a powerful tool for solving a large amount of problems. This technique provides a series of functions which may converge to the exact solution of the problem. A good agreement between the obtained solution and some well-known results is obtained.展开更多
文摘1 Summary Mathematical modeling has become a cornerstone in understanding the complex dynamics of infectious diseases and chronic health conditions.With the advent of more refined computational techniques,researchers are now able to incorporate intricate features such as delays,stochastic effects,fractional dynamics,variable-order systems,and uncertainty into epidemic models.These advancements not only improve predictive accuracy but also enable deeper insights into disease transmission,control,and policy-making.Tashfeen et al.
文摘The current investigation focuses on intertwined relationships of ecology and aquaculture for the benefit of farmers involved in fish farming practices.The study evaluated glucosinolate reduction in black,brown,and white mustard meals as fish feed ingredients for Indian Major Carps.Fish were fed with 10%mustard meal-supplemented diets in three forms:Raw(R),Anti-nutritional Rich(AR),and Anti-nutritional Lowered(AL),alongside a control group using floating feed.The three-month indoor experiment(September-November 2023)was conducted in FRP tanks with triplicate treatments.Blood analysis revealed compromised health in AR-fed carps,with reduced hemoglobin levels in rohu,catla and mrigal and elevated total leukocyte counts indicating inflammation in all the three carps studied here.Liver function was impaired in AR-fed fish,shown by increased alanine transaminase levels,highest in rohu followed by mrigal and catla.Histopathological examination of AR-fed carps liver tissue revealed necrotic spots,deformed hepatocytes,and significant vacuolation.In contrast,AL-fed fish demonstrated improved health parameters through Complete Blood Count analysis,liver function tests,and histo-pathological observations,suggesting successful reduction of anti-nutritional factors in the processed mustard meals.In near future,replacement of unprocessed seed meal with processed seed meal will lead to economic gains in fish farming.
基金funded by Department of Health Research,Government of India,New Delhi,India(grant number:YSS/2020/000116/PRCYSS).
文摘Scrub typhus is an acute undifferentiated febrile infectious disease transmitted by a chigger(genus Leptotrombidium)bite carrying Orientia(O.)tsutsugamushi,affecting millions of people annually while more than one billion people are susceptible.Endemic areas are expanding to Africa,Europe,Middle East,and South America which is concerning,as despite best efforts,there is no vaccine to combat the bacteria.There are now three species of Orientia and over 20 strains of O.tsutsugamushi.The past attempts to develop a vaccine have been ineffective as they confer homologous strain-specific immunity.Various immunogenic proteins of O.tsutsugamushi have been identified that interact with the extracellular matrix(fibronectin)or vMLL5 receptor and modify the cytoskeleton of non-phagocytic host cells,which aids in host cell adhesion and invasion.These highly conserved proteins involve type specific antigen 56(TSA56),47 kDa,OmpA,and autotransporter proteins(ScaA,ScaB and ScaC).TSA56 is the most immunogenic and contains four types of hypervariable regions.Out of all autotransporter proteins,ScaA provides the homologous strains specific immunity and when coupled with TSA56 it shows better protective immunity against heterologous strains.The review provides detailed insight into the potential immunogenic proteins of Orientia which can be utilized to develop the vaccine.Furthermore,studies focused on highly antigenic proteins will provide more insight into their roles in developing therapeutics and easy-to-handle rapid diagnostic kits.
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(NRF-2020R1A6A1A03043435 and NRF-2021R1A2C1008798).
文摘Two-dimensional MXenes are renowned for their remarkable electrical conductivity and electrochemical activity making them highly promising for electrode applications.However,the restacking of MXene nanosheets impairs their functionality by reducing active sites and obstructing ionic transport.This study presents a facile synthesis approach for nickel-intercalated MXene,designed to enhance surface reactivity,avoid restacking,and achieve improved electrochemical performance.Electrochemical studies revealed that the nickel-MXene hybrid showed better cycling stability,retaining 83.7%of its capacity after 10000 cycles and attaining an energy density of 26 Wh kg^(-1) at a power density of 1872Wkg^(-1).It also exhibited overpotentials of 109 and 482 mV at 10 and 100 mA cm^(-2),respectively,in the hydrogen evolution reaction.To predict the structural and electrical alterations caused by nickel inclusion,as well as to understand the intercalation mechanism,spin-polarized density functional theory calculations were carried out.The theoretical results showed an improved carrier concentration for nickel-MXene.Nickel-MXene possessed superior electronic characteristics and surplus active sites with hexagonal closed-packed(hcp)edge sites,which enhanced electrochemical properties.Our results demonstrate that nickel intercalation prevents the restacking of MXene but also significantly improves their electrochemical characteristics,making them ideal for energy storage and catalytic applications.
文摘Background:Hypertension is a significant public health concern and a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases worldwide.Urbanization has contributed to an increased prevalence of hypertension by introducing lifestyle-related risk factors such as physical inactivity,unhealthy dietary patterns,and stress.Region-specific tools for assessing hypertension risk factors are essential for designing effective public health interventions.Objectives:This study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire to assess the risk factors for hypertension in the urban population of Mysuru and identify the prevalence of key modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 participants aged 18-60 years in urban Mysuru.A 40-item questionnaire was developed based on literature review and expert input.It included domains such as sociodemographic factors,lifestyle habits,and clinical history.Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha,while construct validity was assessed through exploratory factor analysis.Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were used for data analysis.Results:The questionnaire demonstrated high internal consistency(Cronbach’s alpha>0.7)and satisfactory construct validity.Key findings included a high prevalence of low physical activity(60%),high salt intake(50%),and overweight individuals(30%).In addition,40%of participants reported a family history of hypertension,and 18%had prediabetes.These findings emphasize the role of modifiable risk factors in the rising hypertension burden in urban settings.Conclusion:The developed and validated questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool for assessing hypertension risk factors in urban populations.
基金supported by project TRANSACT funded under H2020-EU.2.1.1.-INDUSTRIAL LEADERSHIP-Leadership in Enabling and Industrial Technologies-Information and Communication Technologies(Grant Agreement ID:101007260).
文摘The widespread and growing interest in the Internet of Things(IoT)may be attributed to its usefulness in many different fields.Physical settings are probed for data,which is then transferred via linked networks.There are several hurdles to overcome when putting IoT into practice,from managing server infrastructure to coordinating the use of tiny sensors.When it comes to deploying IoT,everyone agrees that security is the biggest issue.This is due to the fact that a large number of IoT devices exist in the physicalworld and thatmany of themhave constrained resources such as electricity,memory,processing power,and square footage.This research intends to analyse resource-constrained IoT devices,including RFID tags,sensors,and smart cards,and the issues involved with protecting them in such restricted circumstances.Using lightweight cryptography,the information sent between these gadgets may be secured.In order to provide a holistic picture,this research evaluates and contrasts well-known algorithms based on their implementation cost,hardware/software efficiency,and attack resistance features.We also emphasised how essential lightweight encryption is for striking a good cost-to-performance-to-security ratio.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(NRF-2020R1A6A1A03043435 and 2020R1A2C1099862)supported by the Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT)grant funded by the Korean Government(MOTIE)(P0012451,The Competency Development Program for Industry Specialist)。
文摘MXenes,the most recent addition to the 2D material family,have attracted significant attention owing to their distinctive characteristics,including high surface area,conductivity,surface characteristics,mechanical strength,etc.This review begins by presenting MXenes,providing insights into their structural characteristics,synthesis methods,and surface functional groups.The review covers a thorough analysis of MXene surface properties,including surface chemistry and termination group impacts.The properties of MXenes are influenced by their synthesis,which can be fluorine-based or fluorinedependent.Fluorine-based synthesis techniques involve etching with fluorine-based reagents,mainly including HF or LiF/HCl,while fluorine-free methods include electrochemical etching,chemical vapor deposition(CVD),alkaline etching,Lewis acid-based etching,etc.These techniques result in the emergence of functional groups such as-F,-O,-OH,-Cl,etc.on the MXenes surface,depending on the synthesis method used.Properties of MXenes,such as electrical conductivity,electronic properties,catalytic activity,magnetic properties,mechanical strength,and chemical and thermal stability,are examined,and the role of functional groups in determining these properties is explored.The review delves into the diverse applications of MXenes,encompassing supercapacitors,battery materials,hydrogen storage,fuel cells,electromagnetic interference(EMI) shielding,pollutant removal,water purification,flexible electronics,sensors,additive manufacturing,catalysis,biomedical and healthcare fields,etc.Finally,this article outlines the challenges and opportunities in the current and future development of MXenes research,addressing various aspects such as synthesis scalability,etching challenges,and multifunctionality,and exploring novel applications.The review concludes with future prospects and conclusions envisioning the impact of MXenes on future technologies and innovation.
基金the Science and Engineering Research Board(SERB),Govt.of India,for the financial support(grant number:CRG/2021/005548).
文摘Biphasic layered oxide cathodes,known for their superior electrochemical performance,are prime candidates for commercializing in Na-ion batteries.Herein,we unveil a series of P3/P2 monophasic and biphasic Al-substituted Na_(3/4)Mn_(5-x/8)Al_(2x/8)Ni_(3-x/8)O_(2)layered oxide cathodes that lie along the‘zero Mn^(3+)line’in the Na_(3/4)(Mn-Al-Ni)O_(2)pseudo-ternary system.The structural analysis showed a larger Na^(+)conduction bottleneck area in both P3 and P2 structures with a higher Al3+content,which enhanced their rate performance.In each composition,the P3/P2 biphasic compound with nearly equal fractions of P3 and P2 phases outperformed their monophasic counterparts in almost all electrochemical performance parameters.Operando synchrotron XRD measurements obtained for the monophasic P3 and biphasic P2/P3 samples revealed the absence of the O3 phase during cycling.The high structure stability and faster Na^(+)transport kinetics in the biphasic samples underpins the enhancement of electrochemical properties in the Al-substituted P3/P2 cathodes.These results highlight fixed oxidation state lines as a novel tool to identify and design layered oxide cathodes for Na-ion batteries in pseudo-ternary diagrams involving Jahn-Teller active cations.
文摘Amoebiasis, classified as the third intestinal parasitic infection, represents a public health problem in low-income countries where hygiene and sanitation conditions are poor. With the resurgence of resistant pathogenic strains as well as ancestral considerations in developing countries such as Cameroon, many people rely on medicinal plants to treat a plethora of diseases. This work aimed to highlight the anti-amoebic and anti-oxidant potential of Codiaeum variegatum extracts and fractions. The anti-amoebic potential of C. variegatum was assayed on the polyxenic culture of the clinical isolates of E. histolytica. Then, the anti-oxidant potential of the ethanolic/hydroethanolic extracts and fractions was evaluated through DPPH radical scavenging, iron reduction (FRAP), lipid peroxidation inhibitory potential and total antioxidant capacity tests followed by the determination of phenolic compound and flavonoid content. It was found that the fractionation process decreased the amoebicidal activities of C. variegatum leaf extracts. However hydroethanolic extract (CI<sub>50</sub>: 10.08 ± 0.42, 5.18 ± 0.09, 5.18 ± 0.09 μg/mL respectively after 24, 48 and 72 hours) was more active than ethanolic extract (CI<sub>50</sub>: 15.59 ± 6.17;9.61 ± 2.37;6.26 ± 3.22 μg/mL respectively after 24, 48 and 72 hours). Interestingly, the activities of hydroethanolic extract were significantly non-different compared to metronidazole CI<sub>50</sub>: 8.42 ± 0.44, 6.45 ± 0.22 and 3.42 ± 0.33 μg/mL, respectively after 24, 48 and 72 hours). Ethanolic extract and EF5 showed higher Phenolic compound contents and higher antioxidant activity than hydroethanolic extract and other fractions through DPPH radical scavenging power (EC50 = 311.50 ± 4.12 μg/mL) and total antioxidant capacity (44 ± 0.07 mgEAA/gF). However, these activities are significantly lower than those of ascorbic acid (EC50 = 31.20 ± 4.39 μg/mL, and 61.34 ± 4.42 μg/mL respectively). This low antioxidant activity was confirmed by poor phenolic and flavonoid compounds contents found in the extracts and fractions. The present result brings a new approach to the ethnopharmacological uses of C. variegatum against dysentery in cases associated with Amoebiasis in Cameroun.
文摘Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is a severe secondary and refractory *severe secondary conditio, that accounts for a varying prevalence between 0.01% to 5.1% of all glaucoma those studied in different regions of the world. **This is a pathological condition, which is caused by the new vessels over iris surface and followed by fibrovascular membrane formation over the trabecular meshwork, secondary to a local angiogenic stimulus. The fibrovascular membrane over trabecular meshwork obstructs the aqueous outflow at an angle of the anterior chamber. ***The obstruction in outflow of the aqueous results increase of intraocular pressure (IOP), within the eyeball. NVG results from a number of ocular and systemic conditions with retinal ischemia leading to anoxia as a mediator in over 95% of cases. Most of them are affected with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) followed by central retinal venous occlusion (CRVO), and ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS) along with other uncommon causes or all those causes that causes retinal anoxia which led to angiogenic activity in retina and iris of eye. Although NVG overall prevalence is low, but it is a dreadful condition led to blindness. The objective of this review is to provide detailed information on its basic and clinical aspects, to enable us to manage it logically. Here its etiopathogenesis, methods of early diagnosis and management are discussed. It was concluded that if NVG is detected earlier and managed systematically (both medical and surgical) along with an eye on alleviation of different aggravating factors of the retinal hypoxia, it could be a sight-saving measure to the affected person.
文摘Aorto-pulmonary artery fistula is a rare and lethal occurrence after thoracic surgery and aortic aneurysms. Here we present a rare occurrence of acute aorto-pulmonary artery fistula in outpatient department in a follow up patient of aortic valve replacement and discuss challenges faced in diagnosis, etiopathogenesis and management.
文摘In vitro meat production system is the production of meat outside the food animals by culturing the stem cells derived from farm animals inside the bioreactor by using advanced tissue engineering techniques. Besides winning the favour of animal rights activists for its humane production of meat, in vitro meat production system also circumvents many of the issues associated with conventional meat production systems, like excessively brutal slaughter of food animals, nutrition-related diseases, foodborne illnesses, resource use, antibiotic-resistant pathogen strains, and massive emissions of methane that contribute to global warming. As the conditions in an in vitro meat production system are controlled and manipulatable, it will be feasible to produce designer, chemically safe and disease-free meat on sustainable basis. However, many challenges are to be faced before cultured meat becomes commercially feasible. Although, the production cost and the public acceptance are of paramount importance, huge funds are desperately required for further research in the field.
基金Council of Scientific Industrial Research,India for providing financial support
文摘Rauwolfia species(Apocynaceae) are medicinal plants well known worldwide due to its potent bioactive monoterpene indole alkaloids(MIAs) such as reserpine,ajmalicine,ajmaline,serpentine and yohimbine.Reserpine,ajmalicine and ajmaline are powerful antihypertensive,tranquilizing agents used in hypertension.Yohimbine is an aphrodisiac used in dietary supplements.As there is no report on the comparative and comprehensive phytochemical investigation of the roots of Rauwolfia species,we have developed an efficient and reliable liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC–MS/MS) method for ethanolic root extract of Rauwolfia species to elucidate the fragmentation pathways for dereplication of bioactive MIAs using highperformance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC–ESI–QTOF–MS/MS) in positive ion mode.We identified and established diagnostic fragment ions and fragmentation pathways using reserpine,ajmalicine,ajmaline,serpentine and yohimbine.The MS/MS spectra of reserpine,ajmalicine,and ajmaline showed C-ring-cleavage whereas E-ring cleavage was observed in serpentine via Retro Diels Alder(RDA).A total of 47 bioactive MIAs were identified and characterized on the basis of their molecular formula,exact mass measurements and MS/MS analysis.Reserpine,ajmalicine,ajmaline,serpentine and yohimbine were unambiguously identified by comparison with their authentic standards and other 42 MIAs were tentatively identified and characterized from the roots of Rauwolfia hookeri,Rauwolfia micrantha,Rauwolfia serpentina,Rauwolfia verticillata,Rauwolfia tetraphylla and Rauwolfia vomitoria.Application of LC–MS followed by principal component analysis(PCA) has been successfully used to discriminate among six Rauwolfia species.
基金CSIR, New Delhi, India, for financial supportBK for NMPB grant GO/UP/03/09
文摘Phyllanthus species plants are a rich source of phenolics and widely used due to their medicinal properties. A liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry(LC–MS/MS) method was developed using high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-ESI-QTOFMS/MS) for the identification and characterization of quercetin, kaempferol, ellagic acid and their derivatives in ethanolic extracts of Phyllanthus species. The chromatographic separation was carried out on Thermo Betasil C_8 column(250 mm×4.5 mm, 5 μm) using 0.1% formic acid in water and 0.1% formic acid in methanol as the mobile phase. The identification of diagnostic fragment ions and optimization of collision energies were carried out using 21 reference standards. Totally 51 compounds were identified which include 21 compounds identified and characterized unambiguously by comparison with their authentic standards and the remaining 30 were tentatively identified and characterized in ethanolic extracts of P. emblica, P. fraternus, P. amarus and P.niruri.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the antidiabetic potential of methanolic extract of Albizia odoratissima Benth.bark in alloxan induced diabetic mice.Methods:Group-Ⅰ(normal control) mice received only basal diet without any treatment.In Group-Ⅱ(Diabetic control) mice,diabetes was induced by alloxan(150 mg/kg i.p.) and received only Tween 80.5%v/v in normal saline. Group-Ⅲand Group-Ⅳmice received metformin(10 mg/kg) and gliclazide(10 mg/kg) as standard drugs.Group-ⅤandⅥmice received methanolic bark extract of Albizia odoratissima at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight p.o.,respectively.Results:The results of the study indicates that Albizia odoratissima bark extract significantly(P【0.01) reduced the blood sugar level.The bark extract also significantly reduced the levels of serum cholesterol,triglycerides, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase,serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase,alkaline phosphatase and decreases level of total proteins in alloxan induced diabetic mice.Conclusions: Methanolic extract of Albizia odoratissima has protective effects on the protection of vital tissues(pancreas,kidney,liver,heart and spleen),thereby reducing the causation of diabetes in experimental animals.
文摘AIM To determine percentage of patients of necrotizing pancreatitis(NP) requiring intervention and the types of interventions performed. Outcomes of patients of step up necrosectomy to those of direct necrosectomy were compared. Operative mortality, overall mortality, morbidity and overall length of stay were determined. METHODS After institutional ethics committee clearance and waiver of consent, records of patients of pancreatitis were reviewed. After excluding patients as per criteria, epidemiologic and clinical data of patients of NP was noted. Treatment protocol was reviewed. Data of patients in whom stepup approach was used was compared to those in whom it was not used. RESULTS A total of 41 interventions were required in 39% patients. About 60% interventions targeted the pancreatic necrosis while the rest were required to deal with the complications of the necrosis. Image guided percutaneous catheter drainage was done in 9 patients for infected necrosis all of whom required further necrosectomy and in 3 patients with sterile necrosis. Direct retroperitoneal or anterior necrosectomy was performed in 15 patients. The average time to first intervention was 19.6 d in the non step-up group(range 11-36) vs 18.22 d in the Step-up group(range 13-25). The average hospital stay in non step-up group was 33.3 d vs 38 d in step up group. The mortality in the step-up group was 0%(0/9) vs 13%(2/15) in the non step up group. Overall mortality was 10.3% while post-operative mortality was 8.3%. Average hospital stay was 22.25 d.CONCLUSION Early conservative management plays an important role in management of NP. In patients who require intervention, the approach used and the timing of intervention should be based upon the clinical condition and local expertise available. Delaying intervention and use of minimal invasive means when intervention is necessary is desirable. The step-up approach should be used whenever possible. Even when the classical retroperitoneal catheter drainage is not feasible, there should be an attempt to follow principles of step-up technique to buy time. The outcome of patients in the step-up group compared to the non stepup group is comparable in our series. Interventions for bowel diversion, bypass and hemorrhage control should be done at the appropriate times.
文摘Objective:To investigate antidiabetic,hypolipidemic histopathological analysis of Dillenia indica(D.indica) methanolic leaves(DIME) extract in alloxan induced diabetic rat by administering oral doses(250 and 500 mg/kg body weight).Methods:Blood glucose levels were measured using blood glucose test strips with elegance glucometer on weekly intervals till the end of study(i.e.3 weeks).Other parameters e.g.liver profile,renal profile and total lipid levels were determined in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats after oral administration of the extract for 21 days.Histopathological changes in diabetic rat organs(pancreas,liver and kidney) were also observed after extract treatment Results:Daily oral administration DIME(250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) and glibenclamide(10 mg/kg) showed beneficial effects on blood glucose level (P【0.001) as well as improving kidney,liver functions and hyperlipidaemia due to diabetes. The extract treatment also showed to enhanced serum insulin level and body weight of diabetic rats as compared to diabetic control group.Furthermore,the extract has a favorable effect on the histopathological changes of the pancreas,liver and kidney in alloxan induced diabetes. Conclusions:D.indica possess antidiabetic property as well improve body weight,liver profile, renal profile and total lipid levels.DIME has also favorable effect to inhibit the histopathological changes of the pancreas and kidney in alloxan induced diabetes.
文摘We present a new reliable analytical study for solving the discontinued problems arising in nanotechnology. Such problems are presented as nonlinear differential-difference equations. The proposed method is based on the Laplace trans- form with the homotopy analysis method （HAM）. This method is a powerful tool for solving a large amount of problems. This technique provides a series of functions which may converge to the exact solution of the problem. A good agreement between the obtained solution and some well-known results is obtained.
