Detection of cracks is a great concern in production and operation processes of graphene based devices to ensure uniform quality.Here,we show a detection method for graphene cracks by electromagnetic induction.The tim...Detection of cracks is a great concern in production and operation processes of graphene based devices to ensure uniform quality.Here,we show a detection method for graphene cracks by electromagnetic induction.The time varying magnetic field leads to induced voltage signals on graphene,and the signals are detected by a voltmeter.The measured level of induced voltage is correlated with the number of cracks in graphene positively.The correlation is attributed to the increasing inductive characteristic of defective graphene,and it is verified by electromagnetic simulation and radio frequency analysis.Furthermore,we demonstrate that the induced voltage signal is insensitive to the doping level of graphene.Our work can potentially lead to the development of a high-throughput and reliable crack inspection technique for mass production of graphene applications.展开更多
Plant molecular farming is a promising platform for biopharmaceutical production,however,downstream processing remains a challenge due to cost and complexity.In this study,we present natural peptidoglycan nanoparticle...Plant molecular farming is a promising platform for biopharmaceutical production,however,downstream processing remains a challenge due to cost and complexity.In this study,we present natural peptidoglycan nanoparticles(NPNs)derived from Gram-positive lactic acid bacteria as a novel tool for plant-based vaccine purification and delivery.Sequential treatment with trichloroacetic acid and trypsin effectively reduced NPN size,removing residual host subcellular constructs and proteins while preserving protein-binding capacity.Optimizing trimeric protein anchors and trimerization elements for plant-based expression enabled protein binding at low temperatures,minimizing proteolytic degradation.NPNs conjugated with plantderived hemagglutinin elicited strong humoral immune responses in mice.Additionally,NPNs enhanced the retention of GFP at the injection site and supported efficient polyclonal antibody generation.These findings establish NPNs as a versatile platform for plant-based recombinant vaccine purification and delivery.展开更多
文摘Detection of cracks is a great concern in production and operation processes of graphene based devices to ensure uniform quality.Here,we show a detection method for graphene cracks by electromagnetic induction.The time varying magnetic field leads to induced voltage signals on graphene,and the signals are detected by a voltmeter.The measured level of induced voltage is correlated with the number of cracks in graphene positively.The correlation is attributed to the increasing inductive characteristic of defective graphene,and it is verified by electromagnetic simulation and radio frequency analysis.Furthermore,we demonstrate that the induced voltage signal is insensitive to the doping level of graphene.Our work can potentially lead to the development of a high-throughput and reliable crack inspection technique for mass production of graphene applications.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Foundation of Beijing Life Science Academy(grant no.2024200CB0110)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(grant no.ZR2024QC068)the National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korean government(grant no.MSIT-2022R1A5A1031361)to W.-Y.K.
文摘Plant molecular farming is a promising platform for biopharmaceutical production,however,downstream processing remains a challenge due to cost and complexity.In this study,we present natural peptidoglycan nanoparticles(NPNs)derived from Gram-positive lactic acid bacteria as a novel tool for plant-based vaccine purification and delivery.Sequential treatment with trichloroacetic acid and trypsin effectively reduced NPN size,removing residual host subcellular constructs and proteins while preserving protein-binding capacity.Optimizing trimeric protein anchors and trimerization elements for plant-based expression enabled protein binding at low temperatures,minimizing proteolytic degradation.NPNs conjugated with plantderived hemagglutinin elicited strong humoral immune responses in mice.Additionally,NPNs enhanced the retention of GFP at the injection site and supported efficient polyclonal antibody generation.These findings establish NPNs as a versatile platform for plant-based recombinant vaccine purification and delivery.
