Volatiles from female Asian longhorned beetle （ ALB ）, Anoplophora glabripenhis, were evaluated as candidate sex pheromone components. Previous studies on ALB have revealed several antennally active compounds from v...Volatiles from female Asian longhorned beetle （ ALB ）, Anoplophora glabripenhis, were evaluated as candidate sex pheromone components. Previous studies on ALB have revealed several antennally active compounds from virgin females; however the origins and activity of these compounds were not apparent and require further investigation. We tested the hypothesis that one or more of the ALB contact sex pheromones is a precursor that undergoes abiotic oxidation to yield volatile pheromone components, and evaluated the activity of these compounds using laboratory and field bioassays. Gas chromatogra- phy coupled electroantennography detection （GC-EAD） analysis indicated the presence of three antennally active aldehydes （heptanal, nonanal, and hexadecanal） in female cuticular extracts exposed to ozone or UV and visible light. In laboratory bioassays using a Y-tube olfactometer, males were preferentially attracted to ozonized female body washes over crude body washes. Similarly, synthetic formulations of these compounds were preferred over controls in the olfactometer. Field trapping experiments conducted from 2006 to 2008 in Ningxia, China showed that synthetic lures of the three aldehydes formulated in a ratio simulating that of virgin females attracted more beetles compared to controls, and that combinations of these aldehydes, linalool oxide, and host kairomones captured more beetles than controls, and captured significantly more males.展开更多
基金Acknowledgments We thank Y. Luo, Beijing Forestry University, V. Mas- tro, D. Lance, and B. Wang, USDA-APHIS-PPQ, and Li Shunping of the Qingtongxia City Forestry Bureau （postal code 751600）, for access to field sites and logistical sup- port in China the students of Beijing Forestry University, W. Xu, and M. Nehme for technical support during field studies+1 种基金 E Webster SUNY-ESF for access to the ozone generator in his laboratory and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. We thank J. Francese, USDA APHIS-PPQ, and A. Hajek, SARL ＆ Cornell University for supplying male ALB. This work was supported by a grant from the Alphawood Founda- tion to SAT and by the National Science Foundation East Asia and South Pacific Summer Institute （NSF-EAPSI） under Grant No. OISE-0813023 to JDW. All experiments were done in China and USA according to the rules of the ethical boards for animal experiments and abided with the current laws of both countries.
文摘Volatiles from female Asian longhorned beetle （ ALB ）, Anoplophora glabripenhis, were evaluated as candidate sex pheromone components. Previous studies on ALB have revealed several antennally active compounds from virgin females; however the origins and activity of these compounds were not apparent and require further investigation. We tested the hypothesis that one or more of the ALB contact sex pheromones is a precursor that undergoes abiotic oxidation to yield volatile pheromone components, and evaluated the activity of these compounds using laboratory and field bioassays. Gas chromatogra- phy coupled electroantennography detection （GC-EAD） analysis indicated the presence of three antennally active aldehydes （heptanal, nonanal, and hexadecanal） in female cuticular extracts exposed to ozone or UV and visible light. In laboratory bioassays using a Y-tube olfactometer, males were preferentially attracted to ozonized female body washes over crude body washes. Similarly, synthetic formulations of these compounds were preferred over controls in the olfactometer. Field trapping experiments conducted from 2006 to 2008 in Ningxia, China showed that synthetic lures of the three aldehydes formulated in a ratio simulating that of virgin females attracted more beetles compared to controls, and that combinations of these aldehydes, linalool oxide, and host kairomones captured more beetles than controls, and captured significantly more males.
