The hormonal decline during menopause increases women’s risk of chronic diseases.D-limonene,a monoterpene found in the human diet,possesses biological properties related to hypolipemic,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,a...The hormonal decline during menopause increases women’s risk of chronic diseases.D-limonene,a monoterpene found in the human diet,possesses biological properties related to hypolipemic,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and gut microbiota-modulating activities,primarily observed in preclinical studies.Postprandial responses include physiological adaptations to the stress of a nutrient surplus,providing an opportunity to assess metabolic resilience,being a suitable strategy for exploring post-menopause-associated metabolic alterations.Here,we investigated the effects of D-limonene supplementation(2 g/day)on postprandial metabolism in postmenopausal women(n=9)challenged with a standardized mixed meal in a 3-week single-arm clinical study.Our findings revealed that D-limonene did not induce marked differences in postprandial responses to the dietary challenge.The supplementation with D-limonene induced no alterations in serum lipid/lipoprotein profile or glycemia/insulinemia.D-limonene supplementation did not affect the transient postprandial inflammatory response regarding changes in gene expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)and circulating inflammatory markers.Nevertheless,D-limonene reduced postprandial levels of lithocholic acid,a gut microbiota-derived bile acid,and regulated the plasma concentrations of selected amino acids,carbohydrate metabolism-derived metabolites,and organic acids.In conclusion,our data do not support the claim that short-term D-limonene supplementation beneficially affects the postprandial metabolism of postmenopausal women.展开更多
基金funded by grants from the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento Pessoal de Nível Superior-CAPES(A.D.V.88887.684161/2022-00)Fundação de AmparoàPesquisa do Estado de São Paulo-FAPESP(CEPID FoRC 13/07914-8,A.D.V 19/24311-1,22/08109-0,C.M.D.P.20/16542-0)+1 种基金Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(CNPq#403677/2021-1)J.F.is supported by grants from FAPESP(22/02941-6 and 21/08657-5).
文摘The hormonal decline during menopause increases women’s risk of chronic diseases.D-limonene,a monoterpene found in the human diet,possesses biological properties related to hypolipemic,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and gut microbiota-modulating activities,primarily observed in preclinical studies.Postprandial responses include physiological adaptations to the stress of a nutrient surplus,providing an opportunity to assess metabolic resilience,being a suitable strategy for exploring post-menopause-associated metabolic alterations.Here,we investigated the effects of D-limonene supplementation(2 g/day)on postprandial metabolism in postmenopausal women(n=9)challenged with a standardized mixed meal in a 3-week single-arm clinical study.Our findings revealed that D-limonene did not induce marked differences in postprandial responses to the dietary challenge.The supplementation with D-limonene induced no alterations in serum lipid/lipoprotein profile or glycemia/insulinemia.D-limonene supplementation did not affect the transient postprandial inflammatory response regarding changes in gene expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)and circulating inflammatory markers.Nevertheless,D-limonene reduced postprandial levels of lithocholic acid,a gut microbiota-derived bile acid,and regulated the plasma concentrations of selected amino acids,carbohydrate metabolism-derived metabolites,and organic acids.In conclusion,our data do not support the claim that short-term D-limonene supplementation beneficially affects the postprandial metabolism of postmenopausal women.
