Objective To investigate the chemical compositions of Maxing Shigan Decoction(麻杏石甘汤,MXSGD)and elucidate its anti-influenza A virus(IAV)mechanism from prediction to validation.Methods Ultra high-performance liquid...Objective To investigate the chemical compositions of Maxing Shigan Decoction(麻杏石甘汤,MXSGD)and elucidate its anti-influenza A virus(IAV)mechanism from prediction to validation.Methods Ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS)was employed to analyze the chemical compositions of MXSGD.Network pharmacology theories were used to screen and identify shared targets of both the potential targets of active ingredients of MXSGD and IAV.A protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was then constructed,followed by Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses.The binding stability between core bioactive compounds and key targets was validated by molecular docking and dynamic simulations.A total of 24 BALB/c mice were infected with IAV to build IAV mouse models.After successful modelling,the mouse models were randomly divided into model,MXSGD high-dose(2.8 g/kg),MXSGD low-dose(1.4 g/kg),and oseltamivir(20.14 mg/kg)groups,with an additional normal mice as control group(n=6 per group).The treatments were administered by gavage daily between 8:00 a.m.and 10:00 a.m.for five consecutive days.Upon completion of the administration,the body weight ratio,lung index,protein content in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF),and the levels of inflammatory factors including interleukin(IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αin mice were measured to preliminarily analyze the therapeutic efficacy of MXSGD against IAV infection.Furthermore,the expression levels of mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR),hypoxia inducible factor(HIF)-1α,and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)proteins in the HIF-1 signaling pathway,which was enriched by network pharmacology,were detected by Western blot.Results A total of 212 chemical components in MXSGD were identified by the UPLC-MS/MS method.These chemical components can be classified into 9 primary categories and 31 secondary categories.After intersecting the chemical component targets with IAV-related targets,a total of 567 potential MXSGD components targeting IAV were identified.The construction of PPI network and the results of both GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that the anti-IAV effects of MXSGD were associated with multiple pathways,including apoptosis,TNF,HIF-1,and IL-17 signaling pathways.The results of molecular docking demonstrated that the binding energies between the core compound 1-methoxyphaseollin and key targets including HIF-1α,mTOR,and VEGF were all lower than–5.0 kcal/mol.Furthermore,molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the structural stability of the resulting complexes.Animal experiments showed that compared with the normal controls,IAV-infected mice showed significantly reduced body weight ratio,markedly increased lung index,protein content in BALF,and the levels of inflammatory factors such as IL-6 and TNF-α(P<0.01),thereby causing damage to the lung tissue;consequently,the expression levels of mTOR,HIF-1α,and VEGF proteins in the lung tissues of these mice were significantly elevated(P<0.01).However,after MXSGD treatment,the mouse models presented a significant increase in body weight ratio,as well as marked decreases in lung index,protein content in BALF,and the levels of inflammatory factors including IL-6 and TNF-α(P<0.01).Furthermore,the therapy alleviated IAV-induced injuries and significantly downregulated the expression levels of mTOR,HIF-1α,and VEGF proteins in lung tissues(P<0.01 or P<0.05).Conclusion MXSGD exerts anti-IAV effects through multi-component,multi-target,and multi-pathway synergism.Among them,1-methoxyphaseollin is identified as a potential key component,which alleviates virus-induced lung injury and inflammatory response via the regulation of HIF-1 signaling pathway,providing experimental evidence for the clinical application of MXSGD.展开更多
Myocardial infarction(MI)is characterized by focal necrosis resulting from prolonged myocardial ischemia due to coronary artery obstruction.Vascular reconstruction following MI is crucial for improving cardiac functio...Myocardial infarction(MI)is characterized by focal necrosis resulting from prolonged myocardial ischemia due to coronary artery obstruction.Vascular reconstruction following MI is crucial for improving cardiac function and preventing recurrent infarction.This study investigates the interaction between macrophages and endothelial cells in angiogenesis mediated by nicotinamide mononucleotide(NMN)-induced secretion of macrophage-derived exosomes.We focus on the role of U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 1(U2af1)gene,a member of the splicing factor serine and arginine(SR)gene family,in the regulation of angiogenesis.Through cardiac ultrasound,Masson staining,2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC)staining,Microfil vascular perfusion,and platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1(CD31)immunofluorescence staining,extracellular vesicles from NMN-stimulated macrophages were shown to exert a protective effect in MI,with proteomic analysis identifying U2AF1 as a candidate protein involved in MI protection.Plasma U2AF1 levels were measured in 70 MI patients,revealing significantly lower levels in individuals with poor coronary collateral vessel(CCV;Rentrop scores 0–1)than in those with good CCV(Rentrop scores 2–3).In both myocardial and hindlimb ischemia mouse models,overexpression of endothelial cell-specific adenoviral overexpression U2AF1 promoted angiogenesis in the heart and hindlimbs and improved cardiac function after MI.Mechanistic studies demonstrated that U2AF1 regulates the alternative splicing(AS)of Yes1-associated transcriptional regulator(Yap1)gene,influencing post-MI angiogenesis and cardiac function recovery.Collectively,our clinical findings suggest that U2AF1 may serve as a therapeutic target for coronary collateral angiogenesis following MI.Given the low immunogenicity and high biosafety of exosomes,this study provides a foundational basis and translational potential for exosome-based therapies in MI treatment.展开更多
In this paper, artificial intelligence image recognition technology is used to improve the recognition rate of individual domestic fish and reduce the recognition time, aiming at the problem that it is difficult to ea...In this paper, artificial intelligence image recognition technology is used to improve the recognition rate of individual domestic fish and reduce the recognition time, aiming at the problem that it is difficult to easily observe the species and growth of domestic fish in the underwater non-uniform light field environment. First, starting from the image data collected by polarizing imaging technology, this paper uses subpixel convolution reconstruction to enhance the image, uses image translation and fill technology to build the family fish database, builds the Adam-Dropout-CNN (A-D-CNN) network model, and its convolution kernel size is 3 × 3. The maximum pooling was used for downsampling, and the discarding operation was added after the full connection layer to avoid the phenomenon of network overfitting. The adaptive motion estimation algorithm was used to solve the gradient sparse problem. The experiment shows that the recognition rate of A-D-CNN is 96.97% when the model is trained under the domestic fish image database, which solves the problem of low recognition rate and slow recognition speed of domestic fish in non-uniform light field.展开更多
Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate salt levels in popular hot takeaway meals in three large China cities, and to compare the difference in sodium content in different types of takeaway meals. Meth...Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate salt levels in popular hot takeaway meals in three large China cities, and to compare the difference in sodium content in different types of takeaway meals. Methods: We randomly collected a total of 4450 samples of 7 different types of takeaway meals, which were the most consumed by local residents from takeaway platforms. The main ingredients, auxiliary ingredients, as well as the weight used in takeaway meals were collected. The sodium content in takeaway meals was obtained by calculation. Results: Obtained results show that the sodium content in three large China cities is alarmingly high. Comparing medians (interquartile range) of takeaway meals from different cities, Beijing contained the highest sodium content per portion (1371.3 mg (890.3 - 2137.4)), followed by Hangzhou (1348.45 mg (694.25 - 1541.62)) and Shanghai (340.1 (259.75 - 942.25)). In addition, the sodium content between pasta and porridge, Chinese meals, and western meals show significant differences (p 0.05). Compared with Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes, the average sodium content exceeded dietary recommendations for one takeaway meal. The sodium content differed among takeaway meals prepared with various cooking methods and meats. Conclusion: Notable differences are detected in takeaway meals’ sodium content between several large cities in China. To meet China’s target salt intake, consumers in these cities are highly recommended to reduce sodium content in their everyday meals.展开更多
With the explosive growth of highspeed wireless data demand and the number of mobile devices, fog radio access networks(F-RAN) with multi-layer network structure becomes a hot topic in recent research. Meanwhile, due ...With the explosive growth of highspeed wireless data demand and the number of mobile devices, fog radio access networks(F-RAN) with multi-layer network structure becomes a hot topic in recent research. Meanwhile, due to the rapid growth of mobile communication traffic, high cost and the scarcity of wireless resources, it is especially important to develop an efficient radio resource management mechanism. In this paper, we focus on the shortcomings of resource waste, and we consider the actual situation of base station dynamic coverage and user requirements. We propose a spectrum pricing and allocation scheme based on Stackelberg game model under F-RAN framework, realizing the allocation of resource on demand. This scheme studies the double game between the users and the operators, as well as between the traditional operators and the virtual operators, maximizing the profits of the operators. At the same time, spectrum reuse technology is adopted to improve the utilization of network resource. By analyzing the simulation results, it is verified that our proposed scheme can not only avoid resource waste, but also effectively improve the operator's revenue efficiency and overall network resource utilization.展开更多
It is very important to understand why a small amount of alkali metal doping in Cu_(2)ZnSn(S,Se)_(4)(CZTSSe)solar cells can improve the conversion efficiency.In this work,Na-doped CZTSSe is prepared by a simple soluti...It is very important to understand why a small amount of alkali metal doping in Cu_(2)ZnSn(S,Se)_(4)(CZTSSe)solar cells can improve the conversion efficiency.In this work,Na-doped CZTSSe is prepared by a simple solution method,and then the effects on the surface properties of the absorber layer,the buffer layer growth,and the modifications of the solar cell performance induced by the Na doping are studied.The surface of the absorber layer is more Cu-depletion and less roughness due to the Na doping.In addition,the contact angle of the surface increases because of Na doping.As a consequence,the thickness of the CdS buffer layer is significantly reduced and the optical losses in the CdS buffer layer are decreased.The difference of quasi-Fermi levels(EFn-EFp) increases with a small amount of Na doping in the CZTSSe solar cell,so that open circuit voltage(VOC) increased significantly.This work offers new insights into the effects of Na doping on CZTSSe via a solution-based approach and provides a deeper understanding of the origin of the efficiency improvement of Na-doped CZTSSe thin film solar cells.展开更多
Black point disease caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana is a problem in wheat production worldwide.We aimed to identify major quantitative trait loci(QTL)for resistance to black point and develop molecular markers for mar...Black point disease caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana is a problem in wheat production worldwide.We aimed to identify major quantitative trait loci(QTL)for resistance to black point and develop molecular markers for marker-assisted selection(MAS).A recombinant inbred line(RIL)population derived from a cross between Wanyuanbai 1(susceptible)and SN4143(resistant)was evaluated for black point response at three locations during two years under artificial inoculation with B.sorokiniana,providing data for six environments.Thirty resistant and 30 susceptible RILs were selected to form resistant and susceptible bulks,respectively,that were genotyped by the wheat 660 K SNP array;685 singlenucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)were identified,among which 385(56.2%)and 115(16.8%)were located on chromosomes 4 A and 2 B,respectively.Bulked segregant RNA-Seq analysis identified candidate regions on chromosomes 4 A(4.60–40.28 Mb)and 5 A(1.22–48.47 Mb).Genetic linkage maps were constructed for chromosomes 2 B,4 A,and 5 A using 59 polymorphic d CAPS and SSR markers.Finally,two QTL,designated QBB.hau-4 A and QBB.hau-5 A,were detected on chromosomes 4 A and 5 A,respectively.The resistance allele of QBB.hau-4 A was derived from SN4143,and that of QBB.hau-5 A came from Wanyuanbai 1.QBB.hau-4 A with a large and consistent effect(15.1%)is likely to be a new locus for black point resistance.The markers linked to QBB.hau-4 A and QBB.hau-5 A have potential application in MASbased breeding.展开更多
Toward accurately simulating both hardening and softening effects for metals up to failure,a new finite strain elastoplastic J2-flow model is proposed with the yield strength therein as a function of the plastic work ...Toward accurately simulating both hardening and softening effects for metals up to failure,a new finite strain elastoplastic J2-flow model is proposed with the yield strength therein as a function of the plastic work in the explicit form.With no need to identify any adjustable parameters,the uniaxial stress-strain response predicted from this new model is shown to automatically and accurately match any given data from monotonic uniaxial extension tests of bars.As such,the objectives in three respects are achieved for the first time,i.e.,(i)both the hardening and softening effects up to failure can be simulated in the sense of matching test data with no errors,(ii)the usual tedious implicit procedures toward identifying numerous unknown parameters need not be involved and can be totally bypassed,and(iii)the model applicability can be ensured in a broad sense for various metallic materials with markedly different transition effects from hardening to softening.With the new model,the complete response features of stretched bars and twisted tubes up to failure are studied,including the failure effects of bars under monotonic extension and tubes under monotonic torsion and,furthermore,the fatigue failure effects of bars under cyclic loading.The results show accurate agreement with the uniaxial data,and the results for both the shear stress and the normal stress at the finite torsion display realistic hardening-to-softening transition effects for the first time.展开更多
A new finite strain elatoplastic J2-flow model with coupling effects of both isotropic and anisotropic hardening is proposed with the co-rotational logarithmic rate.In terms of certain single-variable shape functions ...A new finite strain elatoplastic J2-flow model with coupling effects of both isotropic and anisotropic hardening is proposed with the co-rotational logarithmic rate.In terms of certain single-variable shape functions representing uniaxial loading and unloading curves,explicit multi-axial expressions for the three hardening quantities incorporated in the new model proposed are derived in unified forms for the purpose of automatically and accurately simulating complex pseudoelastic-to-plastic transition effects of shape memory alloys(SMAs)under multiple loading-unloading cycles.Numerical examples show that with only a single parameter of direct physical meaning for each cycle,accurate and explicit simulations may be achieved for extensive data from multiple cycle tests.展开更多
Polymeric carbon nitride(PCN)has garnered increasing attention as a metal-free photocatalyst with a suitable band gap.In efforts to enhance its photocatalytic performance,researchers have examined various PCN material...Polymeric carbon nitride(PCN)has garnered increasing attention as a metal-free photocatalyst with a suitable band gap.In efforts to enhance its photocatalytic performance,researchers have examined various PCN materials,including poly(heptazine imide)(PHI)and poly(triazine imide)(PTI),two isomers within the PCN family that exhibit distinct and superior photocatalytic activity compared to other forms.The challenge,however,lies in the common practice among researchers to categorize PHI and PTI along with other PCN types under the overarching term“g-C_(3)N_(4),”which significantly impedes optimization efforts.The objective of this review is to provide comprehensive insights into the structural features,photoelectrochemical properties,and effective characterization methods employed for distinguishing between PHI and PTI materials.The review also summarizes various optimization strategies,such as crystallinity adjustments,defect engineering,morphology control,constructing heterojunction,and atomic-level metal loading dispersion,to elevate the photocatalytic activity of PHI and PTI,in addition to summarizing the history of carbon nitride development.Furthermore,this review highlights the primary applications of PHI and PTI,encompassing nitrogen fixation,biomass conversion,organic synthesis,CO_(2)reduction,pollutant degradation,H_(2)O_(2)production,and photocatalytic water splitting.Lastly,the prospects and challenges associated with further advancing PHI and PTI are thoroughly examined.展开更多
Melanoma treatment has been revolutionized with the development of targeted therapies and immunotherapies,which shows a positive influence on the patients.However,the long-term efficaciousness of such therapy is restr...Melanoma treatment has been revolutionized with the development of targeted therapies and immunotherapies,which shows a positive influence on the patients.However,the long-term efficaciousness of such therapy is restricted by side effects,limited clinical effects as well as quick resistance to treatment.In this work,we prepared magnetocaloric carrier-free bimetallic hydrogels,named manganese-iron oxide nanocubes@polyethylene glycol-hydrogels(MFO@PEG-Gels),to realize ion-interferential cell cycle arrest for melanoma treatment.In detail,the tumor site was exposed to alternating magnetic field(AMF)after intratumorally injected MFO@PEG-Gels,which generated hyperthermia and promoted the sol-gel phase transition for MFO sustained release.Under the tumor microenvironment,hydrogen peroxide triggered MFO degradation to induce Mn^(2+)and Fe^(3+)release.On one hand,Mn^(2+)blocked G1/S phase through the activation of p27 pathway.On the other hand,Fe^(3+)could arrest the G2/M phase by upregulating the polo-like kinase 4(PLK4)expression as well as inhibiting autolysosome formation to achieve the enhanced cell cycle arrest,thereby promoting the apoptosis of melanoma cells.In summary,this study proposed ion-interferential cell cycle arrest strategy by a multifunctional and injectable magnetic bimetallic hydrogel for melanoma treatment,which provided a secure and sustainable regimen for enhancing antitumor efficacy.展开更多
Maize plant architecture influences planting density and,in turn,grain yield.Most of the plant architecture-related traits can be described as organ size.We describe a miniature maize mutant,Tiny plant 4(Tip4),which e...Maize plant architecture influences planting density and,in turn,grain yield.Most of the plant architecture-related traits can be described as organ size.We describe a miniature maize mutant,Tiny plant 4(Tip4),which exhibits reduced size of multiple organs and exhibits a semi-dominant monofactorial inheritance characteristic.Positional cloning confirmed that a 4-bp deletion in the NAC TF with transmembrane motif 1-Like(NTL)gene ZmNTL2,denoted as ZmNTL2^(Δ),confers the Tip4 mutation.qRT-PCR showed that ZmNTL2 was expressed in all tested tissues.ZmNTL2 functions as a transcriptional activator and is located in both the nucleus and biomembranes.The mutation does not affect the mRNA abundance of ZmNTL2 locus,but it does result in the loss of transmembrane domain and confines the ZmNTL2^(Δ)protein to the nucleus.Knocking out ZmNTL2 has no effect on maize organ size development,indicating that the 4-bp deletion might be a gain-of-function mutation in organ size regulation.Combining transcriptome sequencing with cytokinin and auxin content determination suggests that the decreased organ size may be possibly mediated by changes in hormone homeostasis.展开更多
Alkali metal doping or sulfurization are commonly applied in Cu_(2)ZnSnSe_(4) (CZTSe) solar cell to improve the open-circuit voltage (VOC). However, alkali metal sulfide affording both alkali metal and sulfur is seldo...Alkali metal doping or sulfurization are commonly applied in Cu_(2)ZnSnSe_(4) (CZTSe) solar cell to improve the open-circuit voltage (VOC). However, alkali metal sulfide affording both alkali metal and sulfur is seldom to be studied, which restrains the development of kesterite solar cells. In this study, we evaporate Li_(2)S during selenization process and hope to provide both alkali metal and sulfur to CZTSe film. The result indicates that Li shows a gradient distribution near the surface of CZTSe film and the content of S is slight. The film quality is improved and the recombination at grain boundaries is decreased after Li_(2)S treatment. Besides, the bandgap of the absorber gets wider. Under the synergy of sulfur and lithium (mainly from lithium), the work function of the treated absorber gets higher and the conduction band offset (CBO) is in the ideal range. Combined with these contributions, the V_(OC) of the champion device treated by Li_(2)S dramatically increase by 120 mV. This study discloses that alkali metal brings the main effect on the performance of the kesterite solar cell even an alkali metal sulfide is evaporated, which deepens the understanding of sulfurization of CZTSe and also promote the progress of kesterite solar cells.展开更多
In recent years,many visual positioning algorithms have been proposed based on computer vision and they have achieved good results.However,these algorithms have a single function,cannot perceive the environment,and ha...In recent years,many visual positioning algorithms have been proposed based on computer vision and they have achieved good results.However,these algorithms have a single function,cannot perceive the environment,and have poor versatility,and there is a certain mismatch phenomenon,which affects the positioning accuracy.Therefore,this paper proposes a location algorithm that combines a target recognition algorithm with a depth feature matching algorithm to solve the problem of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)environment perception and multi-modal image-matching fusion location.This algorithm was based on the single-shot object detector based on multi-level feature pyramid network(M2Det)algorithm and replaced the original visual geometry group(VGG)feature extraction network with the ResNet-101 network to improve the feature extraction capability of the network model.By introducing a depth feature matching algorithm,the algorithm shares neural network weights and realizes the design of UAV target recognition and a multi-modal image-matching fusion positioning algorithm.When the reference image and the real-time image were mismatched,the dynamic adaptive proportional constraint and the random sample consensus consistency algorithm(DAPC-RANSAC)were used to optimize the matching results to improve the correct matching efficiency of the target.Using the multi-modal registration data set,the proposed algorithm was compared and analyzed to verify its superiority and feasibility.The results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper can effectively deal with the matching between multi-modal images(visible image–infrared image,infrared image–satellite image,visible image–satellite image),and the contrast,scale,brightness,ambiguity deformation,and other changes had good stability and robustness.Finally,the effectiveness and practicability of the algorithm proposed in this paper were verified in an aerial test scene of an S1000 sixrotor UAV.展开更多
On account of the background of China's "new normal" characterized by slower economic growth, this paper analyses the low-carbon economy status quo in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and empirically inv...On account of the background of China's "new normal" characterized by slower economic growth, this paper analyses the low-carbon economy status quo in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and empirically investigates the relationship between carbon dioxide(CO_2) emissions and its various factors for China's Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region using panel data econometric technique. We find evidence of existence of Environmental Kuznets Curve. Results also show that economic scale, industrial structure, and urbanization rate are crucial factors to promote CO_2emissions. However, technological progress, especially the domestic independent research and development, plays a key role in C0_2 emissions abatement. Next, we further analyze the correlation between each subregion and various factors according to Grey Relation Analysis. Thereby,our findings provide important implications for policymakers in air pollution control and C0_2 emissions reduction for this region.展开更多
An explicit form of the elastic strain-energy function for direction-dependent large elastic strain behaviors of soft fiber-reinforced composites is first presented based upon a decoupled approach for simulating compl...An explicit form of the elastic strain-energy function for direction-dependent large elastic strain behaviors of soft fiber-reinforced composites is first presented based upon a decoupled approach for simulating complex nonlinear coupling effects.From this form,the exact closed-form solutions are then obtained for the uniaxial tension responses in the fiber and cross-fiber directions.With such exact solutions,the issue of simultaneously simulating strongly coupling nonlinear responses in the fiber and cross-fiber directions may be reduced to the issue of separately treating each decoupled uniaxial stress-strain response,thus bypassing usual complexities and uncertainties involved in identifying a large number of strongly coupled adjustable parameters.The numerical examples given are in good agreement with the experimental data for large strain responses.展开更多
基金Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2025JJ80078)Open Fund of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine(21PTKF1005)。
文摘Objective To investigate the chemical compositions of Maxing Shigan Decoction(麻杏石甘汤,MXSGD)and elucidate its anti-influenza A virus(IAV)mechanism from prediction to validation.Methods Ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS)was employed to analyze the chemical compositions of MXSGD.Network pharmacology theories were used to screen and identify shared targets of both the potential targets of active ingredients of MXSGD and IAV.A protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was then constructed,followed by Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses.The binding stability between core bioactive compounds and key targets was validated by molecular docking and dynamic simulations.A total of 24 BALB/c mice were infected with IAV to build IAV mouse models.After successful modelling,the mouse models were randomly divided into model,MXSGD high-dose(2.8 g/kg),MXSGD low-dose(1.4 g/kg),and oseltamivir(20.14 mg/kg)groups,with an additional normal mice as control group(n=6 per group).The treatments were administered by gavage daily between 8:00 a.m.and 10:00 a.m.for five consecutive days.Upon completion of the administration,the body weight ratio,lung index,protein content in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF),and the levels of inflammatory factors including interleukin(IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αin mice were measured to preliminarily analyze the therapeutic efficacy of MXSGD against IAV infection.Furthermore,the expression levels of mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR),hypoxia inducible factor(HIF)-1α,and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)proteins in the HIF-1 signaling pathway,which was enriched by network pharmacology,were detected by Western blot.Results A total of 212 chemical components in MXSGD were identified by the UPLC-MS/MS method.These chemical components can be classified into 9 primary categories and 31 secondary categories.After intersecting the chemical component targets with IAV-related targets,a total of 567 potential MXSGD components targeting IAV were identified.The construction of PPI network and the results of both GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that the anti-IAV effects of MXSGD were associated with multiple pathways,including apoptosis,TNF,HIF-1,and IL-17 signaling pathways.The results of molecular docking demonstrated that the binding energies between the core compound 1-methoxyphaseollin and key targets including HIF-1α,mTOR,and VEGF were all lower than–5.0 kcal/mol.Furthermore,molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the structural stability of the resulting complexes.Animal experiments showed that compared with the normal controls,IAV-infected mice showed significantly reduced body weight ratio,markedly increased lung index,protein content in BALF,and the levels of inflammatory factors such as IL-6 and TNF-α(P<0.01),thereby causing damage to the lung tissue;consequently,the expression levels of mTOR,HIF-1α,and VEGF proteins in the lung tissues of these mice were significantly elevated(P<0.01).However,after MXSGD treatment,the mouse models presented a significant increase in body weight ratio,as well as marked decreases in lung index,protein content in BALF,and the levels of inflammatory factors including IL-6 and TNF-α(P<0.01).Furthermore,the therapy alleviated IAV-induced injuries and significantly downregulated the expression levels of mTOR,HIF-1α,and VEGF proteins in lung tissues(P<0.01 or P<0.05).Conclusion MXSGD exerts anti-IAV effects through multi-component,multi-target,and multi-pathway synergism.Among them,1-methoxyphaseollin is identified as a potential key component,which alleviates virus-induced lung injury and inflammatory response via the regulation of HIF-1 signaling pathway,providing experimental evidence for the clinical application of MXSGD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Founda-tion of China(82370417,82330011,and U21A20339)the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Heilongjiang Province(JQ2024H001)the Heilongjiang Provincial Postdoctoral Science Foundation(LBH-Z23212).
文摘Myocardial infarction(MI)is characterized by focal necrosis resulting from prolonged myocardial ischemia due to coronary artery obstruction.Vascular reconstruction following MI is crucial for improving cardiac function and preventing recurrent infarction.This study investigates the interaction between macrophages and endothelial cells in angiogenesis mediated by nicotinamide mononucleotide(NMN)-induced secretion of macrophage-derived exosomes.We focus on the role of U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 1(U2af1)gene,a member of the splicing factor serine and arginine(SR)gene family,in the regulation of angiogenesis.Through cardiac ultrasound,Masson staining,2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC)staining,Microfil vascular perfusion,and platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1(CD31)immunofluorescence staining,extracellular vesicles from NMN-stimulated macrophages were shown to exert a protective effect in MI,with proteomic analysis identifying U2AF1 as a candidate protein involved in MI protection.Plasma U2AF1 levels were measured in 70 MI patients,revealing significantly lower levels in individuals with poor coronary collateral vessel(CCV;Rentrop scores 0–1)than in those with good CCV(Rentrop scores 2–3).In both myocardial and hindlimb ischemia mouse models,overexpression of endothelial cell-specific adenoviral overexpression U2AF1 promoted angiogenesis in the heart and hindlimbs and improved cardiac function after MI.Mechanistic studies demonstrated that U2AF1 regulates the alternative splicing(AS)of Yes1-associated transcriptional regulator(Yap1)gene,influencing post-MI angiogenesis and cardiac function recovery.Collectively,our clinical findings suggest that U2AF1 may serve as a therapeutic target for coronary collateral angiogenesis following MI.Given the low immunogenicity and high biosafety of exosomes,this study provides a foundational basis and translational potential for exosome-based therapies in MI treatment.
文摘In this paper, artificial intelligence image recognition technology is used to improve the recognition rate of individual domestic fish and reduce the recognition time, aiming at the problem that it is difficult to easily observe the species and growth of domestic fish in the underwater non-uniform light field environment. First, starting from the image data collected by polarizing imaging technology, this paper uses subpixel convolution reconstruction to enhance the image, uses image translation and fill technology to build the family fish database, builds the Adam-Dropout-CNN (A-D-CNN) network model, and its convolution kernel size is 3 × 3. The maximum pooling was used for downsampling, and the discarding operation was added after the full connection layer to avoid the phenomenon of network overfitting. The adaptive motion estimation algorithm was used to solve the gradient sparse problem. The experiment shows that the recognition rate of A-D-CNN is 96.97% when the model is trained under the domestic fish image database, which solves the problem of low recognition rate and slow recognition speed of domestic fish in non-uniform light field.
文摘Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate salt levels in popular hot takeaway meals in three large China cities, and to compare the difference in sodium content in different types of takeaway meals. Methods: We randomly collected a total of 4450 samples of 7 different types of takeaway meals, which were the most consumed by local residents from takeaway platforms. The main ingredients, auxiliary ingredients, as well as the weight used in takeaway meals were collected. The sodium content in takeaway meals was obtained by calculation. Results: Obtained results show that the sodium content in three large China cities is alarmingly high. Comparing medians (interquartile range) of takeaway meals from different cities, Beijing contained the highest sodium content per portion (1371.3 mg (890.3 - 2137.4)), followed by Hangzhou (1348.45 mg (694.25 - 1541.62)) and Shanghai (340.1 (259.75 - 942.25)). In addition, the sodium content between pasta and porridge, Chinese meals, and western meals show significant differences (p 0.05). Compared with Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes, the average sodium content exceeded dietary recommendations for one takeaway meal. The sodium content differed among takeaway meals prepared with various cooking methods and meats. Conclusion: Notable differences are detected in takeaway meals’ sodium content between several large cities in China. To meet China’s target salt intake, consumers in these cities are highly recommended to reduce sodium content in their everyday meals.
基金Hunan Provincial Department of Education Scientific Research Project (Grant No.20A371)Key Project of Hunan Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Grant No.C2022016)+1 种基金Research Program Project of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Grant No.zyydx201727)Clinical Technology Innovation Project of Hunan Provincial Department of Science and Technology (Grant No.2021SK51403)。
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61771120)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (N171602002)
文摘With the explosive growth of highspeed wireless data demand and the number of mobile devices, fog radio access networks(F-RAN) with multi-layer network structure becomes a hot topic in recent research. Meanwhile, due to the rapid growth of mobile communication traffic, high cost and the scarcity of wireless resources, it is especially important to develop an efficient radio resource management mechanism. In this paper, we focus on the shortcomings of resource waste, and we consider the actual situation of base station dynamic coverage and user requirements. We propose a spectrum pricing and allocation scheme based on Stackelberg game model under F-RAN framework, realizing the allocation of resource on demand. This scheme studies the double game between the users and the operators, as well as between the traditional operators and the virtual operators, maximizing the profits of the operators. At the same time, spectrum reuse technology is adopted to improve the utilization of network resource. By analyzing the simulation results, it is verified that our proposed scheme can not only avoid resource waste, but also effectively improve the operator's revenue efficiency and overall network resource utilization.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFB1503500,2018YFB1500200,2018YEE0203400)the Natural Science Foundation of China(U1902218,11774187)the 111 project(B16027)。
文摘It is very important to understand why a small amount of alkali metal doping in Cu_(2)ZnSn(S,Se)_(4)(CZTSSe)solar cells can improve the conversion efficiency.In this work,Na-doped CZTSSe is prepared by a simple solution method,and then the effects on the surface properties of the absorber layer,the buffer layer growth,and the modifications of the solar cell performance induced by the Na doping are studied.The surface of the absorber layer is more Cu-depletion and less roughness due to the Na doping.In addition,the contact angle of the surface increases because of Na doping.As a consequence,the thickness of the CdS buffer layer is significantly reduced and the optical losses in the CdS buffer layer are decreased.The difference of quasi-Fermi levels(EFn-EFp) increases with a small amount of Na doping in the CZTSSe solar cell,so that open circuit voltage(VOC) increased significantly.This work offers new insights into the effects of Na doping on CZTSSe via a solution-based approach and provides a deeper understanding of the origin of the efficiency improvement of Na-doped CZTSSe thin film solar cells.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171983)the Special Fund for Key Agricultural Projects in Henan Province(201300110800)。
文摘Black point disease caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana is a problem in wheat production worldwide.We aimed to identify major quantitative trait loci(QTL)for resistance to black point and develop molecular markers for marker-assisted selection(MAS).A recombinant inbred line(RIL)population derived from a cross between Wanyuanbai 1(susceptible)and SN4143(resistant)was evaluated for black point response at three locations during two years under artificial inoculation with B.sorokiniana,providing data for six environments.Thirty resistant and 30 susceptible RILs were selected to form resistant and susceptible bulks,respectively,that were genotyped by the wheat 660 K SNP array;685 singlenucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)were identified,among which 385(56.2%)and 115(16.8%)were located on chromosomes 4 A and 2 B,respectively.Bulked segregant RNA-Seq analysis identified candidate regions on chromosomes 4 A(4.60–40.28 Mb)and 5 A(1.22–48.47 Mb).Genetic linkage maps were constructed for chromosomes 2 B,4 A,and 5 A using 59 polymorphic d CAPS and SSR markers.Finally,two QTL,designated QBB.hau-4 A and QBB.hau-5 A,were detected on chromosomes 4 A and 5 A,respectively.The resistance allele of QBB.hau-4 A was derived from SN4143,and that of QBB.hau-5 A came from Wanyuanbai 1.QBB.hau-4 A with a large and consistent effect(15.1%)is likely to be a new locus for black point resistance.The markers linked to QBB.hau-4 A and QBB.hau-5 A have potential application in MASbased breeding.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12172149 and12172151)the Start-up Fund from Jinan University of China。
文摘Toward accurately simulating both hardening and softening effects for metals up to failure,a new finite strain elastoplastic J2-flow model is proposed with the yield strength therein as a function of the plastic work in the explicit form.With no need to identify any adjustable parameters,the uniaxial stress-strain response predicted from this new model is shown to automatically and accurately match any given data from monotonic uniaxial extension tests of bars.As such,the objectives in three respects are achieved for the first time,i.e.,(i)both the hardening and softening effects up to failure can be simulated in the sense of matching test data with no errors,(ii)the usual tedious implicit procedures toward identifying numerous unknown parameters need not be involved and can be totally bypassed,and(iii)the model applicability can be ensured in a broad sense for various metallic materials with markedly different transition effects from hardening to softening.With the new model,the complete response features of stretched bars and twisted tubes up to failure are studied,including the failure effects of bars under monotonic extension and tubes under monotonic torsion and,furthermore,the fatigue failure effects of bars under cyclic loading.The results show accurate agreement with the uniaxial data,and the results for both the shear stress and the normal stress at the finite torsion display realistic hardening-to-softening transition effects for the first time.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11372172)and the Start-up Fund from Jinan University in Guangzhou of China。
文摘A new finite strain elatoplastic J2-flow model with coupling effects of both isotropic and anisotropic hardening is proposed with the co-rotational logarithmic rate.In terms of certain single-variable shape functions representing uniaxial loading and unloading curves,explicit multi-axial expressions for the three hardening quantities incorporated in the new model proposed are derived in unified forms for the purpose of automatically and accurately simulating complex pseudoelastic-to-plastic transition effects of shape memory alloys(SMAs)under multiple loading-unloading cycles.Numerical examples show that with only a single parameter of direct physical meaning for each cycle,accurate and explicit simulations may be achieved for extensive data from multiple cycle tests.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52273264)。
文摘Polymeric carbon nitride(PCN)has garnered increasing attention as a metal-free photocatalyst with a suitable band gap.In efforts to enhance its photocatalytic performance,researchers have examined various PCN materials,including poly(heptazine imide)(PHI)and poly(triazine imide)(PTI),two isomers within the PCN family that exhibit distinct and superior photocatalytic activity compared to other forms.The challenge,however,lies in the common practice among researchers to categorize PHI and PTI along with other PCN types under the overarching term“g-C_(3)N_(4),”which significantly impedes optimization efforts.The objective of this review is to provide comprehensive insights into the structural features,photoelectrochemical properties,and effective characterization methods employed for distinguishing between PHI and PTI materials.The review also summarizes various optimization strategies,such as crystallinity adjustments,defect engineering,morphology control,constructing heterojunction,and atomic-level metal loading dispersion,to elevate the photocatalytic activity of PHI and PTI,in addition to summarizing the history of carbon nitride development.Furthermore,this review highlights the primary applications of PHI and PTI,encompassing nitrogen fixation,biomass conversion,organic synthesis,CO_(2)reduction,pollutant degradation,H_(2)O_(2)production,and photocatalytic water splitting.Lastly,the prospects and challenges associated with further advancing PHI and PTI are thoroughly examined.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82273873)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by Tianjin(No.0701320001)+2 种基金Major Special Projects(No.0402080005)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(No.21JCYBJC00660)Young Program Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(No.20JCQNJC01610)。
文摘Melanoma treatment has been revolutionized with the development of targeted therapies and immunotherapies,which shows a positive influence on the patients.However,the long-term efficaciousness of such therapy is restricted by side effects,limited clinical effects as well as quick resistance to treatment.In this work,we prepared magnetocaloric carrier-free bimetallic hydrogels,named manganese-iron oxide nanocubes@polyethylene glycol-hydrogels(MFO@PEG-Gels),to realize ion-interferential cell cycle arrest for melanoma treatment.In detail,the tumor site was exposed to alternating magnetic field(AMF)after intratumorally injected MFO@PEG-Gels,which generated hyperthermia and promoted the sol-gel phase transition for MFO sustained release.Under the tumor microenvironment,hydrogen peroxide triggered MFO degradation to induce Mn^(2+)and Fe^(3+)release.On one hand,Mn^(2+)blocked G1/S phase through the activation of p27 pathway.On the other hand,Fe^(3+)could arrest the G2/M phase by upregulating the polo-like kinase 4(PLK4)expression as well as inhibiting autolysosome formation to achieve the enhanced cell cycle arrest,thereby promoting the apoptosis of melanoma cells.In summary,this study proposed ion-interferential cell cycle arrest strategy by a multifunctional and injectable magnetic bimetallic hydrogel for melanoma treatment,which provided a secure and sustainable regimen for enhancing antitumor efficacy.
基金supported by The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1200704--3)Crop Varietal Improvement and Insect Pests Control by Nuclear Radiation,Platform for Mutation Breeding by Radiation of Sichuan(2021YFYZ0011)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2022NSFSC1635)Applied Basic Research Programs of Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Department(2020YJ0249)。
文摘Maize plant architecture influences planting density and,in turn,grain yield.Most of the plant architecture-related traits can be described as organ size.We describe a miniature maize mutant,Tiny plant 4(Tip4),which exhibits reduced size of multiple organs and exhibits a semi-dominant monofactorial inheritance characteristic.Positional cloning confirmed that a 4-bp deletion in the NAC TF with transmembrane motif 1-Like(NTL)gene ZmNTL2,denoted as ZmNTL2^(Δ),confers the Tip4 mutation.qRT-PCR showed that ZmNTL2 was expressed in all tested tissues.ZmNTL2 functions as a transcriptional activator and is located in both the nucleus and biomembranes.The mutation does not affect the mRNA abundance of ZmNTL2 locus,but it does result in the loss of transmembrane domain and confines the ZmNTL2^(Δ)protein to the nucleus.Knocking out ZmNTL2 has no effect on maize organ size development,indicating that the 4-bp deletion might be a gain-of-function mutation in organ size regulation.Combining transcriptome sequencing with cytokinin and auxin content determination suggests that the decreased organ size may be possibly mediated by changes in hormone homeostasis.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFB1500200,2019YFB1503500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1902218,11774187)the 111 Project(B16027).
文摘Alkali metal doping or sulfurization are commonly applied in Cu_(2)ZnSnSe_(4) (CZTSe) solar cell to improve the open-circuit voltage (VOC). However, alkali metal sulfide affording both alkali metal and sulfur is seldom to be studied, which restrains the development of kesterite solar cells. In this study, we evaporate Li_(2)S during selenization process and hope to provide both alkali metal and sulfur to CZTSe film. The result indicates that Li shows a gradient distribution near the surface of CZTSe film and the content of S is slight. The film quality is improved and the recombination at grain boundaries is decreased after Li_(2)S treatment. Besides, the bandgap of the absorber gets wider. Under the synergy of sulfur and lithium (mainly from lithium), the work function of the treated absorber gets higher and the conduction band offset (CBO) is in the ideal range. Combined with these contributions, the V_(OC) of the champion device treated by Li_(2)S dramatically increase by 120 mV. This study discloses that alkali metal brings the main effect on the performance of the kesterite solar cell even an alkali metal sulfide is evaporated, which deepens the understanding of sulfurization of CZTSe and also promote the progress of kesterite solar cells.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62276274in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province under Grant 2020JM-537,and in part by the Aeronautical Science Fund under Grant 201851U8012(corresponding author:Xiaogang Yang).
文摘In recent years,many visual positioning algorithms have been proposed based on computer vision and they have achieved good results.However,these algorithms have a single function,cannot perceive the environment,and have poor versatility,and there is a certain mismatch phenomenon,which affects the positioning accuracy.Therefore,this paper proposes a location algorithm that combines a target recognition algorithm with a depth feature matching algorithm to solve the problem of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)environment perception and multi-modal image-matching fusion location.This algorithm was based on the single-shot object detector based on multi-level feature pyramid network(M2Det)algorithm and replaced the original visual geometry group(VGG)feature extraction network with the ResNet-101 network to improve the feature extraction capability of the network model.By introducing a depth feature matching algorithm,the algorithm shares neural network weights and realizes the design of UAV target recognition and a multi-modal image-matching fusion positioning algorithm.When the reference image and the real-time image were mismatched,the dynamic adaptive proportional constraint and the random sample consensus consistency algorithm(DAPC-RANSAC)were used to optimize the matching results to improve the correct matching efficiency of the target.Using the multi-modal registration data set,the proposed algorithm was compared and analyzed to verify its superiority and feasibility.The results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper can effectively deal with the matching between multi-modal images(visible image–infrared image,infrared image–satellite image,visible image–satellite image),and the contrast,scale,brightness,ambiguity deformation,and other changes had good stability and robustness.Finally,the effectiveness and practicability of the algorithm proposed in this paper were verified in an aerial test scene of an S1000 sixrotor UAV.
基金supported by National Social Science Foundation Project of China-A study on the Long-term Mechanism and Policy of Promoting the Construction of Ecological Civilization with Green Technological Innovation in China:[Grant Number 14AJL017]
文摘On account of the background of China's "new normal" characterized by slower economic growth, this paper analyses the low-carbon economy status quo in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and empirically investigates the relationship between carbon dioxide(CO_2) emissions and its various factors for China's Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region using panel data econometric technique. We find evidence of existence of Environmental Kuznets Curve. Results also show that economic scale, industrial structure, and urbanization rate are crucial factors to promote CO_2emissions. However, technological progress, especially the domestic independent research and development, plays a key role in C0_2 emissions abatement. Next, we further analyze the correlation between each subregion and various factors according to Grey Relation Analysis. Thereby,our findings provide important implications for policymakers in air pollution control and C0_2 emissions reduction for this region.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12172151 and12172149)the Research Project of Introducing High-level Foreign Experts from the Ministry of Sicence and Technology of China(No.G20221990122)the Start-up Fund from Jinan University(Guangzhou)of China(No.88019062)。
文摘An explicit form of the elastic strain-energy function for direction-dependent large elastic strain behaviors of soft fiber-reinforced composites is first presented based upon a decoupled approach for simulating complex nonlinear coupling effects.From this form,the exact closed-form solutions are then obtained for the uniaxial tension responses in the fiber and cross-fiber directions.With such exact solutions,the issue of simultaneously simulating strongly coupling nonlinear responses in the fiber and cross-fiber directions may be reduced to the issue of separately treating each decoupled uniaxial stress-strain response,thus bypassing usual complexities and uncertainties involved in identifying a large number of strongly coupled adjustable parameters.The numerical examples given are in good agreement with the experimental data for large strain responses.
