The rapid developments of science and technology in China over recent decades, particularly in biomedical research, have brought forward serious challenges regarding ethical governance. Recently, Jian-kui HE, a Chines...The rapid developments of science and technology in China over recent decades, particularly in biomedical research, have brought forward serious challenges regarding ethical governance. Recently, Jian-kui HE, a Chinese scientist, claimed to have "created" the first gene-edited babies, designed to be naturally immune to the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV). The news immediately triggered widespread criticism, denouncement, and debate over the scientific and ethical legitimacy of HE’s genetic experiments. China’s guidelines and regulations have banned germline genome editing on human embryos for clinical use because of scientific and ethical concerns, in accordance with the international consensus. HE’s human experimentation has not only violated these Chinese regulations, but also breached other ethical and regulatory norms. These include questionable scientific value, unreasonable risk-benefit ratio, illegitimate ethics review, invalid informed consent, and regulatory misconduct. This series of ethical failings of HE and his team reveal the institutional failure of the current ethics governance system which largely depends on scientist’s self-regulation. The incident highlights the need for urgent improvement of ethics governance at all levels, the enforcement of technical and ethical guidelines, and the establishment of laws relating to such bioethical issues.展开更多
Objectives:This study examined the effects of stepreduction and subsequent step-recovery and exercise rehabilitation on systemic metabolism in older adults.Methods:Participants were 66 eligible participants from the E...Objectives:This study examined the effects of stepreduction and subsequent step-recovery and exercise rehabilitation on systemic metabolism in older adults.Methods:Participants were 66 eligible participants from the ENDURE randomised controlled trial allocated to an intervention group(n=32;25%male)or control group(n=34;21%male).The intervention group was instructed to limit their daily steps to a maximum of 2000 for two weeks(Period Ⅰ),followed by a four-week exercise rehabilitation program(Period Ⅱ)involving twice-weekly sessions of whole-body resistance and bicycle ergometer-based endurance training.Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline,after Period Ⅰ,and after Period Ⅱ.Systemic metabolism was assessed using high-throughput proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Data were normalised using Box-Cox transformation and analysed with linear mixed-effects models including random intercepts.Results:Period Ⅰ and Period Ⅱ had largely opposing effects on systemic metabolism.For instance,compared to the control group,Period one led to increases in VLDL-phospholipids(0.54 SD,P=0.005),VLDL-cholesterols(0.41 SD,P=0.012)and VLDLtriglycerides(0.79 SD,P=0.002),and decreases in HDLphospholipids(−0.31 SD,P=0.037)andHDL-cholesterols(−0.47 SD,P=0.011),alongside an increase in HDL-triglycerides(0.64 SD,P=0.011).These changes reversed during Period Ⅱ.Glycoprotein acetylation biomarker GlycA levels were unaffected by either intervention.Conclusions:These findings suggest that short-term inactivity does not markedly influence the inflammatory state but adversely affects lipoprotein metabolism and glycolytic pathways;however,these changes are reversible through the resumption of physical activity.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.L1824000)
文摘The rapid developments of science and technology in China over recent decades, particularly in biomedical research, have brought forward serious challenges regarding ethical governance. Recently, Jian-kui HE, a Chinese scientist, claimed to have "created" the first gene-edited babies, designed to be naturally immune to the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV). The news immediately triggered widespread criticism, denouncement, and debate over the scientific and ethical legitimacy of HE’s genetic experiments. China’s guidelines and regulations have banned germline genome editing on human embryos for clinical use because of scientific and ethical concerns, in accordance with the international consensus. HE’s human experimentation has not only violated these Chinese regulations, but also breached other ethical and regulatory norms. These include questionable scientific value, unreasonable risk-benefit ratio, illegitimate ethics review, invalid informed consent, and regulatory misconduct. This series of ethical failings of HE and his team reveal the institutional failure of the current ethics governance system which largely depends on scientist’s self-regulation. The incident highlights the need for urgent improvement of ethics governance at all levels, the enforcement of technical and ethical guidelines, and the establishment of laws relating to such bioethical issues.
基金supported by the Research Council of Finland(#330281 to E.K.L,#350528 to S.W,#341058 to M.L and#357183 to M.A-K)the Finnish Cultural Foundation(#00211177 to S.W)+1 种基金the Sigrid Juselius Foundation(to M.A-K)by the Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research(to M.A-K).
文摘Objectives:This study examined the effects of stepreduction and subsequent step-recovery and exercise rehabilitation on systemic metabolism in older adults.Methods:Participants were 66 eligible participants from the ENDURE randomised controlled trial allocated to an intervention group(n=32;25%male)or control group(n=34;21%male).The intervention group was instructed to limit their daily steps to a maximum of 2000 for two weeks(Period Ⅰ),followed by a four-week exercise rehabilitation program(Period Ⅱ)involving twice-weekly sessions of whole-body resistance and bicycle ergometer-based endurance training.Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline,after Period Ⅰ,and after Period Ⅱ.Systemic metabolism was assessed using high-throughput proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Data were normalised using Box-Cox transformation and analysed with linear mixed-effects models including random intercepts.Results:Period Ⅰ and Period Ⅱ had largely opposing effects on systemic metabolism.For instance,compared to the control group,Period one led to increases in VLDL-phospholipids(0.54 SD,P=0.005),VLDL-cholesterols(0.41 SD,P=0.012)and VLDLtriglycerides(0.79 SD,P=0.002),and decreases in HDLphospholipids(−0.31 SD,P=0.037)andHDL-cholesterols(−0.47 SD,P=0.011),alongside an increase in HDL-triglycerides(0.64 SD,P=0.011).These changes reversed during Period Ⅱ.Glycoprotein acetylation biomarker GlycA levels were unaffected by either intervention.Conclusions:These findings suggest that short-term inactivity does not markedly influence the inflammatory state but adversely affects lipoprotein metabolism and glycolytic pathways;however,these changes are reversible through the resumption of physical activity.
