AIM To determine the overall and comparative risk of procedure related perforation of balloon assisted enteroscopy(BAE) in Crohn's disease(CD). METHODS Systematic review(PROSPERO #CRD42015016381) of studies report...AIM To determine the overall and comparative risk of procedure related perforation of balloon assisted enteroscopy(BAE) in Crohn's disease(CD). METHODS Systematic review(PROSPERO #CRD42015016381) of studies reporting on CD patients undergoing BAE. Seventy-three studies reporting on 1812 patients undergoing 2340 BAEs were included. Primary outcome of interest was the overall and comparative risk of procedure related perforation of diagnostic BAE in CD. Secondary outcomes of interest were risk of procedure related perforation of diagnostic double balloon enteroscopy(DBE), risk of procedure related perforation of therapeutic BAE, efficacy of stricture dilation, and clinical utility of endoscopically assessing small bowel disease activity.RESULTS Per procedure perforation rate of diagnostic BAE in CD was 0.15%(95%CI: 0.05-0.45), which was similar to diagnostic BAE for all indications(0.11%; IRR = 1.41, 95%CI: 0.28-4.50). Per procedure perforation rate of diagnostic DBE in CD was 0.12%(95%CI: 0.03-0.44), which was similar to diagnostic DBE for all indications(0.22%; IRR = 0.54, 95%CI: 0.06-0.24). Per procedure perforation rate of therapeutic BAE in CD was 1.74%(95%CI: 0.85-3.55). Eighty-six percentof therapeutic perforations were secondary to stricture dilation. Dilation was attempted in 207 patients and 30% required surgery during median follow-up of 18 months. When diagnostic BAE assessed small bowel disease activity, changes in medical therapy resulted in endoscopic improvement in 77% of patients. CONCLUSION Diagnostic BAE in CD has a similar rate of perforation as diagnostic BAE for all indications and can be safely performed in assessment of mucosal healing.展开更多
Coal mining adversely affects soil quality around opencast mines. Therefore, a study was conducted in 2010 and 2011 to assess seasonal and site-specific variations in physical, chemical, and biological properties of s...Coal mining adversely affects soil quality around opencast mines. Therefore, a study was conducted in 2010 and 2011 to assess seasonal and site-specific variations in physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil collected at different distances from mining areas in the Jharia coalfield, India. Throughout the year, the soil in sites near coal mines had a significantly higher bulk density, temperature, elec trical conductivity, and sulfate and heavy metal contents and a significantly lower water-holding capacity, porosity, moisture content, pH, and total nitrogen and available phosphorus contents, compared with the soil collected far from the mines. However, biological properties were site-specific and seasonal. Soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), MBC/MBN, and soil respiration were the highest during the rainy season and the lowest in summer, with the minimum values in the soil near coal mines. A soil quality index revealed a significant effect of heavy metal content on soil biological properties in the coal mining areas.展开更多
In addition to cholesterol reduction,statins,currently the most commonly prescribed drug in the world,have been shown to have anti-neoplastic and immunomodulatory effects.Several observational studies and meta-analyse...In addition to cholesterol reduction,statins,currently the most commonly prescribed drug in the world,have been shown to have anti-neoplastic and immunomodulatory effects.Several observational studies and meta-analyses have shown reduction in risk of multiple cancers.More recently there has been an increasing interest in the potential role of statins as adjuvant therapy after cancer diagnosis and in modifying cancer mortality.Although post-hoc analyses of randomized controlled trials of statins for cardiovascular outcomes have not shown reduction in the risk of cancer mortality with statin use,these studies lack sufficient power to detect a significant difference in cancer outcomes.Recently,in a Danish nationwide population-based cohort study,Nielsen et al showed a 15%reduction in all-cause and cancer-specific mortality in statin users as compared to non-users.Improved survival with statin exposure was seen in 13/27 cancer subtypes,including the 4 most common cancers-lung,prostate,colorectal and breast.In this commentary,we examine this important study,review its implications and limitations,and briefly discuss impact of other drugs like metformin and aspirin that also exhibit anti-neoplastic effects.展开更多
The enhanced power graph P_(E)(S)of a semigroup S is a simple graph whose vertex set is S and two vertices a,y∈S are adjacent if and only if c,y∈(z)for some z∈S,where(z)is the subsemigroup generated by z.In this pa...The enhanced power graph P_(E)(S)of a semigroup S is a simple graph whose vertex set is S and two vertices a,y∈S are adjacent if and only if c,y∈(z)for some z∈S,where(z)is the subsemigroup generated by z.In this paper,we first describe the structure of P_(E)(S)for an arbitrary semigroup S,and then discuss the connectedness of P_(E)(S).Further,we characterize the semigroup S in the cases when P_(E)(S)is separately a complete,bipartite,regular,tree and null graph.The planarity,together with the minimum degree and independence number,of P_(E)(S)is also investigated.The chromatic number of a spanning subgraph,i.e.,the cyclic graph,of P_(E)(S)is proved to be countable.In the final part of this paper,we construct an example of a semigroup S such that the chromatic number of P_(E)(S)need not be countable.展开更多
基金Supported by training Grant through the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases,No.5t32DK007202 to Dulai PS
文摘AIM To determine the overall and comparative risk of procedure related perforation of balloon assisted enteroscopy(BAE) in Crohn's disease(CD). METHODS Systematic review(PROSPERO #CRD42015016381) of studies reporting on CD patients undergoing BAE. Seventy-three studies reporting on 1812 patients undergoing 2340 BAEs were included. Primary outcome of interest was the overall and comparative risk of procedure related perforation of diagnostic BAE in CD. Secondary outcomes of interest were risk of procedure related perforation of diagnostic double balloon enteroscopy(DBE), risk of procedure related perforation of therapeutic BAE, efficacy of stricture dilation, and clinical utility of endoscopically assessing small bowel disease activity.RESULTS Per procedure perforation rate of diagnostic BAE in CD was 0.15%(95%CI: 0.05-0.45), which was similar to diagnostic BAE for all indications(0.11%; IRR = 1.41, 95%CI: 0.28-4.50). Per procedure perforation rate of diagnostic DBE in CD was 0.12%(95%CI: 0.03-0.44), which was similar to diagnostic DBE for all indications(0.22%; IRR = 0.54, 95%CI: 0.06-0.24). Per procedure perforation rate of therapeutic BAE in CD was 1.74%(95%CI: 0.85-3.55). Eighty-six percentof therapeutic perforations were secondary to stricture dilation. Dilation was attempted in 207 patients and 30% required surgery during median follow-up of 18 months. When diagnostic BAE assessed small bowel disease activity, changes in medical therapy resulted in endoscopic improvement in 77% of patients. CONCLUSION Diagnostic BAE in CD has a similar rate of perforation as diagnostic BAE for all indications and can be safely performed in assessment of mucosal healing.
基金the Ministry of Coal, Government of India and the University Grant Commission, New Delhi, India for financial assistance
文摘Coal mining adversely affects soil quality around opencast mines. Therefore, a study was conducted in 2010 and 2011 to assess seasonal and site-specific variations in physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil collected at different distances from mining areas in the Jharia coalfield, India. Throughout the year, the soil in sites near coal mines had a significantly higher bulk density, temperature, elec trical conductivity, and sulfate and heavy metal contents and a significantly lower water-holding capacity, porosity, moisture content, pH, and total nitrogen and available phosphorus contents, compared with the soil collected far from the mines. However, biological properties were site-specific and seasonal. Soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), MBC/MBN, and soil respiration were the highest during the rainy season and the lowest in summer, with the minimum values in the soil near coal mines. A soil quality index revealed a significant effect of heavy metal content on soil biological properties in the coal mining areas.
文摘In addition to cholesterol reduction,statins,currently the most commonly prescribed drug in the world,have been shown to have anti-neoplastic and immunomodulatory effects.Several observational studies and meta-analyses have shown reduction in risk of multiple cancers.More recently there has been an increasing interest in the potential role of statins as adjuvant therapy after cancer diagnosis and in modifying cancer mortality.Although post-hoc analyses of randomized controlled trials of statins for cardiovascular outcomes have not shown reduction in the risk of cancer mortality with statin use,these studies lack sufficient power to detect a significant difference in cancer outcomes.Recently,in a Danish nationwide population-based cohort study,Nielsen et al showed a 15%reduction in all-cause and cancer-specific mortality in statin users as compared to non-users.Improved survival with statin exposure was seen in 13/27 cancer subtypes,including the 4 most common cancers-lung,prostate,colorectal and breast.In this commentary,we examine this important study,review its implications and limitations,and briefly discuss impact of other drugs like metformin and aspirin that also exhibit anti-neoplastic effects.
基金the support of MATRICS Grant(MTR/2018/000779)funded by SERB,India.
文摘The enhanced power graph P_(E)(S)of a semigroup S is a simple graph whose vertex set is S and two vertices a,y∈S are adjacent if and only if c,y∈(z)for some z∈S,where(z)is the subsemigroup generated by z.In this paper,we first describe the structure of P_(E)(S)for an arbitrary semigroup S,and then discuss the connectedness of P_(E)(S).Further,we characterize the semigroup S in the cases when P_(E)(S)is separately a complete,bipartite,regular,tree and null graph.The planarity,together with the minimum degree and independence number,of P_(E)(S)is also investigated.The chromatic number of a spanning subgraph,i.e.,the cyclic graph,of P_(E)(S)is proved to be countable.In the final part of this paper,we construct an example of a semigroup S such that the chromatic number of P_(E)(S)need not be countable.
