Carbon dots(CDs), as a new member of carbon nanostructures, have been widely applied in extensive fields due to their exceptional physicochemical properties. While, the emissions of most reported CDs are located in th...Carbon dots(CDs), as a new member of carbon nanostructures, have been widely applied in extensive fields due to their exceptional physicochemical properties. While, the emissions of most reported CDs are located in the blue to green range under the excitation of ultraviolet or blue light, which severely limits their practical applications, especially in photovoltaic and biological fields. Studies that focused on synthesizing CDs with long-wavelength(red to near-infrared) emission/excitation features(simply named L-w CDs) and exploring their potential applications have been frequently reported in recent years. In this review, we analyzed the key influence factors for the synthesis of CDs with long wavelength and multicolor(containing long wavelength) emissive properties, discussed possible fluorescence mechanism,and summarized their applications in sensing and cancer theranostics. Finally, the existing challenges and potential opportunities of L-w CDs are presented.展开更多
Aging is a slow and progressive natural process that compromises the normal functions of cells,tissues,organs,and systems.The aging of the hypothalamic median eminence(ME),a structural gate linking neural and endocrin...Aging is a slow and progressive natural process that compromises the normal functions of cells,tissues,organs,and systems.The aging of the hypothalamic median eminence(ME),a structural gate linking neural and endocrine systems,may impair hormone release,energy homeostasis,and central sensing of circulating molecules,leading to systemic and reproductive aging.However,the molecular and cellular features of ME aging remain largely unknown.Here,we describe the transcriptional landscape of young and middleaged mouse ME at single-cell resolution,revealing the common and cell type-specific transcriptional changes with age.The transcriptional changes in cell-intrinsic programs,cell-cell crosstalk,and cellextrinsic factors highlight five molecular features of ME aging and also implicate several potentially druggable targets at cellular,signaling,and molecular levels.Importantly,our results suggest that vascular and leptomeningeal cells may lead the asynchronized aging process among diverse cell types and drive local inflammation and cellular senescence via a unique secretome.Together,our study uncovers how intrinsic and extrinsic features of each cell type in the hypothalamic ME are changed by the aging process,which will facilitate our understanding of brain aging and provide clues for efficient anti-aging intervention at the middle-aged stage.展开更多
The application of single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)in biomedical research has advanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of disease and provided valuable insights into new diagnostic and therapeutic strategie...The application of single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)in biomedical research has advanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of disease and provided valuable insights into new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.With the expansion of capacity for high-throughput scRNA-seq,including clinical samples,the analysis of these huge volumes of data has become a daunting prospect for researchers entering this field.Here,we review the workflow for typical scRNA-seq data analysis,covering raw data processing and quality control,basic data analysis applicable for almost all scRNA-seq data sets,and advanced data analysis that should be tailored to specific scientific questions.While summarizing the current methods for each analysis step,we also provide an online repository of software and wrapped-up scripts to support the implementation.Recommendations and caveats are pointed out for some specific analysis tasks and approaches.We hope this resource will be helpful to researchers engaging with scRNA-seq,in particular for emerging clinical applications.展开更多
Clinical Ladder Programs is to develop different training programs according to different levels of nurses’management.The purpose is to improve nurses’sense of professional identity,professional and technical capabi...Clinical Ladder Programs is to develop different training programs according to different levels of nurses’management.The purpose is to improve nurses’sense of professional identity,professional and technical capabilities,and determine salary levels,so as to fully mobilize nurses’enthusiasm.This article reviews the current status of the application of Clinical Ladder Programs in clinical nursing around the world,and understands the obstacles and facilitating factors that affect the implementation of Clinical Ladder Programs,in order to provide a reference for establishing a perfect hierarchical nurse training model in China.展开更多
As environmental pollutants pose a serious threat to socioeconomic and environmental health,the development of simple,efficient,accurate and costeffective methods for pollution monitoring and control remains a major c...As environmental pollutants pose a serious threat to socioeconomic and environmental health,the development of simple,efficient,accurate and costeffective methods for pollution monitoring and control remains a major challenge,but it is an unavoidable issue.In the past decade,the artificial nanozymes have been widely used for environmental pollutant monitoring and control,because of their low cost,high stability,easy mass production,etc.However,the conventional nanozyme technology faces significant challenges in terms of difficulty in regulating the exposed crystal surface,complex composition,low catalytic activity,etc.In contrast,the emerging single-atom nanozymes(SANs)have attracted much attention in the field of environmental monitoring and control,due to their multiple advantages of atomically dispersed active sites,high atom utilization efficiency,tunable coordination environment,etc.To date,the insufficient efforts have been made to comprehensively characterize the applications of SANs in the monitoring and control of environmental pollutants.Building on the recent advances in the field,this review systematically summarizes the main synthesis methods of SANs and highlights their advances in the monitoring and control of environmental pollutants.Finally,we critically evaluate the limitations and challenges of SANs,and provide the insights into their future prospects for the monitoring and control of environmental pollutants.展开更多
Essential tremor, also referred to as familial tremor, is an autosomal dominant genetic disease and the most common movement disorder. It typically involves a postural and motor tremor of the hands, head or other part...Essential tremor, also referred to as familial tremor, is an autosomal dominant genetic disease and the most common movement disorder. It typically involves a postural and motor tremor of the hands, head or other part of the body. Essential tremor is driven by a central oscillation signal in the brain. However, the corticospinal mechanisms involved in the generation of essential tremor are unclear. Therefore, in this study, we used a neural computational model that includes both monosynaptic and multisynaptic corticospinal pathways interacting with a propriospinal neuronal network. A virtual arm model is driven by the central oscillation signal to simulate tremor activity behavior. Cortical descending commands are classified as alpha or gamma through monosynaptic or multisynaptic corticospinal pathways, which converge respectively on alpha or gamma motoneurons in the spinal cord. Several scenarios are evaluated based on the central oscillation signal passing down to the spinal motoneurons via each descending pathway. The simulated behaviors are compared with clinical essential tremor characteristics to identify the corticospinal pathways responsible for transmitting the central oscillation signal. A propriospinal neuron with strong cortical inhibition performs a gating function in the generation of essential tremor. Our results indicate that the propriospinal neuronal network is essential for relaying the central oscillation signal and the production of essential tremor.展开更多
With the development of power grid, as one of the key equipment, the transformer’s condition assessment method has always receive attention from experts, scholars concern more and more about the method’s practicalit...With the development of power grid, as one of the key equipment, the transformer’s condition assessment method has always receive attention from experts, scholars concern more and more about the method’s practicality and reliability. In the traditional condition assessment method, due to the characteristics of the transformer’s complex structure, the assessment system is not comprehensive enough, or the assessment system is too complex, the indexes are not easy to quantify, such problems are emerging. The traditional method is complex and the degree of quantification is not enough. Therefore it is necessary to propose a condition assessment method that is easy to carry out the condition assessment work and does not affect the assessment results. In this paper, we propose a method to assess the state of the transformer’s complex structure. First, we establish a comprehensive assessment system, then apply the method of principal component analysis to optimize the index system, and then use the theory of cloud-matter-element. Finally the reliability and rationality of the method are verified by an example.展开更多
The surface insulation properties of insulating material under DC voltage are closely related to the characteristics of surface charge accumulation, and the surface roughness of these materials has a direct impact on ...The surface insulation properties of insulating material under DC voltage are closely related to the characteristics of surface charge accumulation, and the surface roughness of these materials has a direct impact on the surface charge distribution in vacuum. Therefore, it is significant to study their connection. In this paper, based on the secondary electron emission avalanche model, the surface charge accumulation on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) with different surface roughness was simulated by using particle in cell and Monte Carlo Collision method. The simulated environment was under the finger shaped electrode and in vacuum. The results showed that under the action of the electric field the electrons emitted from the cathode triple junction moved forward and collided with the insulating material, which may lead to the generation of secondary electrons or the accumulation of surface charge. The surface charge near the cathode was mostly negative since the effect of surface electron injection was greater than that of the collision ionization. Due to the change of electron energy and the influence of electric field distribution, the number of positive charge on the insulator gradually increased, reached the maximum, and then gradually reduced with the approaching of the anode. Moreover, when the surface roughness of the material increases or the secondary electron emission coefficient decreases, the amount of surface charge accumulated on the PMMA will reduce. This paper can provide some guidance for the practical application of insulating materials.展开更多
The naked dinoflagellate Takayama acrotrocha was identified as responsible for a bloom in Shenzhen Bay,Guangdong,China,in early spring 2021.The identification was confirmed by light,scanning,and transmission electron ...The naked dinoflagellate Takayama acrotrocha was identified as responsible for a bloom in Shenzhen Bay,Guangdong,China,in early spring 2021.The identification was confirmed by light,scanning,and transmission electron microscopy and molecular data based on the LSU ribosomal DNA(rDNA)and ITS rDNA sequences.This is the first record of T.acrotrocha bloom in the South China Sea.The sulcus of T.acrotrocha was wide and extended onto the epicone as a short intrusion in general,sometime the intrusion was not apparent and some were finger-like.The apical groove was deeply sigmoid.The nucleus was large,ovoid to cup-shaped and occupied most of the epicone.A large,rounded pyrenoid surrounded by a starch sheath was located at the left side to the centre of the hypocone.Under epifluorescence illumination,a row of large vesicular knobs was observed on the upper border of the cingulum.The intraspecific morphological variabilities in the clonal cultures of T.acrotrocha were investigated carefully.Cells that share the same diagnostic characters used for the description of Takayama xiamenensis such as the finger-like sulcus,a large nucleus located in the epicone and the similar pyrenoid type were observed.The LSU rDNA sequences of T.acrotrocha and T.xiamenensis only differed in 3 base pairs(bp)for a sequence length of 673 bp(with a similarity of 99.55%).For these reasons,we propose T.xiamenensis as a junior synonym of T.acrotrocha.展开更多
Log house is a traditional type of vernacular dwelling in Chinese cold area. It contains distinct regional characteristics and architectural cultures. In recent years,log house has come into vogue softly with the deve...Log house is a traditional type of vernacular dwelling in Chinese cold area. It contains distinct regional characteristics and architectural cultures. In recent years,log house has come into vogue softly with the development of wood techniques. However,log houses expend too much wood materials. There are also many negative aspects of this type of wood building which go against the criteria of energy conservation,and its high prime cost hinders the application as well. To solve these problems, the paper emphasizes using more environmental standardized techniques which save cost at the same time,and put forward technical strategy to improve the log walls. The optimization schemes are mainly divided into two categories: internal insulation and filled insulation. Each type of insulation is respectively derived two schemes through changing the thickness of main structure layers and insulation layer. Firstly,we use Weto software to calculate the timber volume of the four schemes,and it concludes that all the optimizations can save more timber than the prototype log wall with the section of 200 mm × 200 mm. Secondly,thermal comfort of each scheme is insulated in Design Builder.The results show that thermal insulation of filling type represents better than the other schemes. At last,we use thermal calculating formula to calculate thermal resistance of every scheme. Contrast to the energy efficiency standards of Heilongjiang Province, the data show that the four schemes meet the requirements of the specification.展开更多
BACKGROUND Heart transplantation is a crucial intervention for severe heart failure,yet the challenge of organ rejection is significant.Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)and their exosomes have demonstrated pot...BACKGROUND Heart transplantation is a crucial intervention for severe heart failure,yet the challenge of organ rejection is significant.Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)and their exosomes have demonstrated potential in modulating T cells,dendtitic cells(DCs),and cytokines to achieve immunomodulatory effects.DCs,as key antigen-presenting cells,play a critical role in shaping immune responses by influencing T-cell activation and cytokine production.Through this modulation,BMSCs and their exosomes enhance graft tolerance and prolonging survival.AIM To explore the immunomodulatory effects of exosomes derived from BMSCs overexpressing microRNA-540-3p(miR-540-3p)on cardiac allograft tolerance,focusing on how these exosomes modulating DCs and T cells activity through the CD74/nuclear factor-kappaB(NF-κB)pathway.METHODS Rat models were used to assess the impact of miR-540-3p-enhanced exosomes on immune tolerance in cardiac allografts.MiR-540-3p expression was manipulated in BMSCs,and derived exosomes were collected and administered to the rat models post-heart transplantation.The study monitored expression levels of major histocompatibility complex II,CD80,CD86,and CD274 in DCs,and quantified CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)T cells,T regulatory cells,and cytokine profiles.RESULTS Exosomes from miR-540-3p-overexpressing BMSCs lead to reduced expression of immune activation markers CD74 and NF-κB p65 in DCs and T cells.Rats treated with these exosomes showed decreased inflammation and improved cardiac function,indicated by lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines(interleukin-1β,interferon-γ)and higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines(interleukin-10,transforming growth factorβ1).Additionally,miR-540-3p skewed the profiles of DCs and T cells towards immune tolerance,increasing the ratio of T regulatory cells and shifting cytokine secretion to favor graft acceptance.CONCLUSION Exosomes derived from BMSCs overexpressing miR-540-3p significantly enhance immune tolerance and prolong cardiac allograft survival by modulating the CD74/NF-κB pathway,which regulates activities of DCs and T cells.These findings highlight a promising therapeutic strategy to improve heart transplantation outcomes and potentially reduce the need for prolonged immunosuppression.展开更多
The widespread occurrence of antibiotics in wastewater aroused serious attention.UV-based advanced oxidation processes(UV-AOPs)are powerful technologies in removing antibiotics in wastewater,which include UV/catalyst,...The widespread occurrence of antibiotics in wastewater aroused serious attention.UV-based advanced oxidation processes(UV-AOPs)are powerful technologies in removing antibiotics in wastewater,which include UV/catalyst,UV/H_(2)O_(2),UV/Fenton,UV/persulfate,UV/chlorine,UV/ozone,and UV/peracetic acid.In this review,we collated recent advances in application of UV-AOPs for the abatement of fiuoroquinolones(FQs)as widely used class of antibiotics.Representative FQs of ciprofioxacin,norfioxacin,ofioxacin,and enrofioxacin were most extensively studied in the state-of-art studies.The evolvement of gas-state and solid-state UV light sources was presented and batch and continuous fiow UV reactors were compared towards practical applications in UV-AOPs.Generally,degradation of FQs followed the pseudo-first order kinetics in UV-AOPs and strongly affected by the operating factors and components of water matrix.Participation of reactive species and transformation mechanisms of FQs were compared among different UV-AOPs.Challenges and future prospects were pointed out for providing insights into the practical application of UV-AOPs for antibiotic remediation in wastewater.展开更多
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51902323,51872300 and U1832110)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(No.2020M671831)+1 种基金S&T Innovation 2025 Major Special Program of Ningbo(No.2018B10054)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LY20B050003)。
文摘Carbon dots(CDs), as a new member of carbon nanostructures, have been widely applied in extensive fields due to their exceptional physicochemical properties. While, the emissions of most reported CDs are located in the blue to green range under the excitation of ultraviolet or blue light, which severely limits their practical applications, especially in photovoltaic and biological fields. Studies that focused on synthesizing CDs with long-wavelength(red to near-infrared) emission/excitation features(simply named L-w CDs) and exploring their potential applications have been frequently reported in recent years. In this review, we analyzed the key influence factors for the synthesis of CDs with long wavelength and multicolor(containing long wavelength) emissive properties, discussed possible fluorescence mechanism,and summarized their applications in sensing and cancer theranostics. Finally, the existing challenges and potential opportunities of L-w CDs are presented.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFA0801900 and 2018YFA0801104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771131,81891002,31921002,and 32070972)+3 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB32020000)the Hundred-Talent Program(Chinese Academy of Sciences)the Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(Z210010 and Z181100001518001)the Baoding Technical Program(2141ZF027)。
文摘Aging is a slow and progressive natural process that compromises the normal functions of cells,tissues,organs,and systems.The aging of the hypothalamic median eminence(ME),a structural gate linking neural and endocrine systems,may impair hormone release,energy homeostasis,and central sensing of circulating molecules,leading to systemic and reproductive aging.However,the molecular and cellular features of ME aging remain largely unknown.Here,we describe the transcriptional landscape of young and middleaged mouse ME at single-cell resolution,revealing the common and cell type-specific transcriptional changes with age.The transcriptional changes in cell-intrinsic programs,cell-cell crosstalk,and cellextrinsic factors highlight five molecular features of ME aging and also implicate several potentially druggable targets at cellular,signaling,and molecular levels.Importantly,our results suggest that vascular and leptomeningeal cells may lead the asynchronized aging process among diverse cell types and drive local inflammation and cellular senescence via a unique secretome.Together,our study uncovers how intrinsic and extrinsic features of each cell type in the hypothalamic ME are changed by the aging process,which will facilitate our understanding of brain aging and provide clues for efficient anti-aging intervention at the middle-aged stage.
基金suppor ted by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFC2702502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32170742, 31970646, and 32060152)+7 种基金the Start Fund for Specially Appointed Professor of Jiangsu ProvinceHainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund (ZDYF2021SHFZ051)the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province (820MS053)the Start Fund for High-level Talents of Nanjing Medical University (NMUR2020009)the Marshal Initiative Funding of Hainan Medical University (JBGS202103)the Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center (QWYH202175)the Bioinformatics for Major Diseases Science Innovation Group of Hainan Medical Universitythe Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (JCYJ20210324140407021)
文摘The application of single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)in biomedical research has advanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of disease and provided valuable insights into new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.With the expansion of capacity for high-throughput scRNA-seq,including clinical samples,the analysis of these huge volumes of data has become a daunting prospect for researchers entering this field.Here,we review the workflow for typical scRNA-seq data analysis,covering raw data processing and quality control,basic data analysis applicable for almost all scRNA-seq data sets,and advanced data analysis that should be tailored to specific scientific questions.While summarizing the current methods for each analysis step,we also provide an online repository of software and wrapped-up scripts to support the implementation.Recommendations and caveats are pointed out for some specific analysis tasks and approaches.We hope this resource will be helpful to researchers engaging with scRNA-seq,in particular for emerging clinical applications.
基金This research was supported by Yunnan Province Science and Technology Project(No.2017FE467(-204)).
文摘Clinical Ladder Programs is to develop different training programs according to different levels of nurses’management.The purpose is to improve nurses’sense of professional identity,professional and technical capabilities,and determine salary levels,so as to fully mobilize nurses’enthusiasm.This article reviews the current status of the application of Clinical Ladder Programs in clinical nursing around the world,and understands the obstacles and facilitating factors that affect the implementation of Clinical Ladder Programs,in order to provide a reference for establishing a perfect hierarchical nurse training model in China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22422604,32472435)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1700300)+1 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of CAAS(CAAS-ASTIP-IQSTAP-04)the State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science。
文摘As environmental pollutants pose a serious threat to socioeconomic and environmental health,the development of simple,efficient,accurate and costeffective methods for pollution monitoring and control remains a major challenge,but it is an unavoidable issue.In the past decade,the artificial nanozymes have been widely used for environmental pollutant monitoring and control,because of their low cost,high stability,easy mass production,etc.However,the conventional nanozyme technology faces significant challenges in terms of difficulty in regulating the exposed crystal surface,complex composition,low catalytic activity,etc.In contrast,the emerging single-atom nanozymes(SANs)have attracted much attention in the field of environmental monitoring and control,due to their multiple advantages of atomically dispersed active sites,high atom utilization efficiency,tunable coordination environment,etc.To date,the insufficient efforts have been made to comprehensively characterize the applications of SANs in the monitoring and control of environmental pollutants.Building on the recent advances in the field,this review systematically summarizes the main synthesis methods of SANs and highlights their advances in the monitoring and control of environmental pollutants.Finally,we critically evaluate the limitations and challenges of SANs,and provide the insights into their future prospects for the monitoring and control of environmental pollutants.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.61361160415,81271684,81501570the Major State Basic Research Development of China(973 Program),No.2011CB013304+1 种基金the Medicine-Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Grant from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China,No.YG2014ZD09a grant from the Youth Eastern Scholar Program at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning in China,No.QD2015007
文摘Essential tremor, also referred to as familial tremor, is an autosomal dominant genetic disease and the most common movement disorder. It typically involves a postural and motor tremor of the hands, head or other part of the body. Essential tremor is driven by a central oscillation signal in the brain. However, the corticospinal mechanisms involved in the generation of essential tremor are unclear. Therefore, in this study, we used a neural computational model that includes both monosynaptic and multisynaptic corticospinal pathways interacting with a propriospinal neuronal network. A virtual arm model is driven by the central oscillation signal to simulate tremor activity behavior. Cortical descending commands are classified as alpha or gamma through monosynaptic or multisynaptic corticospinal pathways, which converge respectively on alpha or gamma motoneurons in the spinal cord. Several scenarios are evaluated based on the central oscillation signal passing down to the spinal motoneurons via each descending pathway. The simulated behaviors are compared with clinical essential tremor characteristics to identify the corticospinal pathways responsible for transmitting the central oscillation signal. A propriospinal neuron with strong cortical inhibition performs a gating function in the generation of essential tremor. Our results indicate that the propriospinal neuronal network is essential for relaying the central oscillation signal and the production of essential tremor.
文摘With the development of power grid, as one of the key equipment, the transformer’s condition assessment method has always receive attention from experts, scholars concern more and more about the method’s practicality and reliability. In the traditional condition assessment method, due to the characteristics of the transformer’s complex structure, the assessment system is not comprehensive enough, or the assessment system is too complex, the indexes are not easy to quantify, such problems are emerging. The traditional method is complex and the degree of quantification is not enough. Therefore it is necessary to propose a condition assessment method that is easy to carry out the condition assessment work and does not affect the assessment results. In this paper, we propose a method to assess the state of the transformer’s complex structure. First, we establish a comprehensive assessment system, then apply the method of principal component analysis to optimize the index system, and then use the theory of cloud-matter-element. Finally the reliability and rationality of the method are verified by an example.
文摘The surface insulation properties of insulating material under DC voltage are closely related to the characteristics of surface charge accumulation, and the surface roughness of these materials has a direct impact on the surface charge distribution in vacuum. Therefore, it is significant to study their connection. In this paper, based on the secondary electron emission avalanche model, the surface charge accumulation on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) with different surface roughness was simulated by using particle in cell and Monte Carlo Collision method. The simulated environment was under the finger shaped electrode and in vacuum. The results showed that under the action of the electric field the electrons emitted from the cathode triple junction moved forward and collided with the insulating material, which may lead to the generation of secondary electrons or the accumulation of surface charge. The surface charge near the cathode was mostly negative since the effect of surface electron injection was greater than that of the collision ionization. Due to the change of electron energy and the influence of electric field distribution, the number of positive charge on the insulator gradually increased, reached the maximum, and then gradually reduced with the approaching of the anode. Moreover, when the surface roughness of the material increases or the secondary electron emission coefficient decreases, the amount of surface charge accumulated on the PMMA will reduce. This paper can provide some guidance for the practical application of insulating materials.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41906112,42076144,42176201)the Science&Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China(No.2018FY100200)the Analysis Program on Key factors for Red Tide Forecast in Shenzhen。
文摘The naked dinoflagellate Takayama acrotrocha was identified as responsible for a bloom in Shenzhen Bay,Guangdong,China,in early spring 2021.The identification was confirmed by light,scanning,and transmission electron microscopy and molecular data based on the LSU ribosomal DNA(rDNA)and ITS rDNA sequences.This is the first record of T.acrotrocha bloom in the South China Sea.The sulcus of T.acrotrocha was wide and extended onto the epicone as a short intrusion in general,sometime the intrusion was not apparent and some were finger-like.The apical groove was deeply sigmoid.The nucleus was large,ovoid to cup-shaped and occupied most of the epicone.A large,rounded pyrenoid surrounded by a starch sheath was located at the left side to the centre of the hypocone.Under epifluorescence illumination,a row of large vesicular knobs was observed on the upper border of the cingulum.The intraspecific morphological variabilities in the clonal cultures of T.acrotrocha were investigated carefully.Cells that share the same diagnostic characters used for the description of Takayama xiamenensis such as the finger-like sulcus,a large nucleus located in the epicone and the similar pyrenoid type were observed.The LSU rDNA sequences of T.acrotrocha and T.xiamenensis only differed in 3 base pairs(bp)for a sequence length of 673 bp(with a similarity of 99.55%).For these reasons,we propose T.xiamenensis as a junior synonym of T.acrotrocha.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51478137)the Sub Task of Science and Technology Support Program in China(Grant No.2012BAJ06B04-02)
文摘Log house is a traditional type of vernacular dwelling in Chinese cold area. It contains distinct regional characteristics and architectural cultures. In recent years,log house has come into vogue softly with the development of wood techniques. However,log houses expend too much wood materials. There are also many negative aspects of this type of wood building which go against the criteria of energy conservation,and its high prime cost hinders the application as well. To solve these problems, the paper emphasizes using more environmental standardized techniques which save cost at the same time,and put forward technical strategy to improve the log walls. The optimization schemes are mainly divided into two categories: internal insulation and filled insulation. Each type of insulation is respectively derived two schemes through changing the thickness of main structure layers and insulation layer. Firstly,we use Weto software to calculate the timber volume of the four schemes,and it concludes that all the optimizations can save more timber than the prototype log wall with the section of 200 mm × 200 mm. Secondly,thermal comfort of each scheme is insulated in Design Builder.The results show that thermal insulation of filling type represents better than the other schemes. At last,we use thermal calculating formula to calculate thermal resistance of every scheme. Contrast to the energy efficiency standards of Heilongjiang Province, the data show that the four schemes meet the requirements of the specification.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82060299Medical Discipline Leader Project of Yunnan Provincial Health Commission,No.D-2019020+5 种基金Yunnan Provincial Government Ten Thousand Person-Top Young Talents Project,No.KH-SWRQNBJ-2019-002Clinical Medical Center of the First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province,No.2021LCZXXF-XZ04 and No.2022LCZXKF-HX05Kunming Medical Joint Special Project-Outstanding Youth Cultivation Project,No.202101AY070001-034Kunming Medical Joint Special Project,No.202101AY070001-272Famous Doctor Project of“Xingdian Talent Support Plan”of Yunnan Province,No.XDYC-MY-2022-0037Yunnan Province 2023 Undergraduate Education and Teaching Reform Research Project,No.2023BKXJJG-F04002.
文摘BACKGROUND Heart transplantation is a crucial intervention for severe heart failure,yet the challenge of organ rejection is significant.Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)and their exosomes have demonstrated potential in modulating T cells,dendtitic cells(DCs),and cytokines to achieve immunomodulatory effects.DCs,as key antigen-presenting cells,play a critical role in shaping immune responses by influencing T-cell activation and cytokine production.Through this modulation,BMSCs and their exosomes enhance graft tolerance and prolonging survival.AIM To explore the immunomodulatory effects of exosomes derived from BMSCs overexpressing microRNA-540-3p(miR-540-3p)on cardiac allograft tolerance,focusing on how these exosomes modulating DCs and T cells activity through the CD74/nuclear factor-kappaB(NF-κB)pathway.METHODS Rat models were used to assess the impact of miR-540-3p-enhanced exosomes on immune tolerance in cardiac allografts.MiR-540-3p expression was manipulated in BMSCs,and derived exosomes were collected and administered to the rat models post-heart transplantation.The study monitored expression levels of major histocompatibility complex II,CD80,CD86,and CD274 in DCs,and quantified CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)T cells,T regulatory cells,and cytokine profiles.RESULTS Exosomes from miR-540-3p-overexpressing BMSCs lead to reduced expression of immune activation markers CD74 and NF-κB p65 in DCs and T cells.Rats treated with these exosomes showed decreased inflammation and improved cardiac function,indicated by lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines(interleukin-1β,interferon-γ)and higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines(interleukin-10,transforming growth factorβ1).Additionally,miR-540-3p skewed the profiles of DCs and T cells towards immune tolerance,increasing the ratio of T regulatory cells and shifting cytokine secretion to favor graft acceptance.CONCLUSION Exosomes derived from BMSCs overexpressing miR-540-3p significantly enhance immune tolerance and prolong cardiac allograft survival by modulating the CD74/NF-κB pathway,which regulates activities of DCs and T cells.These findings highlight a promising therapeutic strategy to improve heart transplantation outcomes and potentially reduce the need for prolonged immunosuppression.
基金the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52100204 and 52330005)Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program(No.BJJWZYJH01201910004016)。
文摘The widespread occurrence of antibiotics in wastewater aroused serious attention.UV-based advanced oxidation processes(UV-AOPs)are powerful technologies in removing antibiotics in wastewater,which include UV/catalyst,UV/H_(2)O_(2),UV/Fenton,UV/persulfate,UV/chlorine,UV/ozone,and UV/peracetic acid.In this review,we collated recent advances in application of UV-AOPs for the abatement of fiuoroquinolones(FQs)as widely used class of antibiotics.Representative FQs of ciprofioxacin,norfioxacin,ofioxacin,and enrofioxacin were most extensively studied in the state-of-art studies.The evolvement of gas-state and solid-state UV light sources was presented and batch and continuous fiow UV reactors were compared towards practical applications in UV-AOPs.Generally,degradation of FQs followed the pseudo-first order kinetics in UV-AOPs and strongly affected by the operating factors and components of water matrix.Participation of reactive species and transformation mechanisms of FQs were compared among different UV-AOPs.Challenges and future prospects were pointed out for providing insights into the practical application of UV-AOPs for antibiotic remediation in wastewater.
