Cold surges(CSs)often occur in the mid-latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere and have enormous effects on socioeconomic development.We report that the occurrences of CSs and persistent CSs(PCSs)have rebounded si...Cold surges(CSs)often occur in the mid-latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere and have enormous effects on socioeconomic development.We report that the occurrences of CSs and persistent CSs(PCSs)have rebounded since the 1990s,but the trends related to the frequencies of strong CSs(SCSs)and extreme CSs(ECSs)changed from increasing to decreasing after 2000.The highest-ranked model ensemble approach was used to project the occurrences of various CSs under the SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,and SSP5-8.5 scenarios.The frequencies of the total CSs show overall decreasing trends.However,under the SSP1-2.6 scenario,slight increasing trends are noted for SCSs and ECSs in China.Atmospheric circulations that are characterized by an anomalous anticyclonic circulation with a significantly positive 500-hPa geopotential height(Z500)anomaly at high latitudes along with significant negative anomalies in China were favorable for cold air intrusions into China.In addition,the frequencies of all CS types under the SPP5-8.5 scenario greatly decreased in the long term(2071-2100),a finding which is thought to be related to negative SST anomalies in the central and western North Pacific,differences in sea level pressure(SLP)between high-and mid-latitude regions,and a weaker East Asian trough.In terms of ECSs,the decreasing trends observed during the historical period were maintained until 2024 under the SSP1-2.6 scenario.Compared to the SSP1-2.6 scenario,the Z500 pattern showed a trend of strengthened ridges over the Ural region and northern East Asia and weakened troughs over Siberia(60°-90°E)under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios,contributing to the shift to increasing trends of ECSs after 2014.展开更多
Microglia are tissue-resident macrophages residing in the central nervous system (CNS) and play critical roles in removing cellular debris and infectious agents as well as regulating neurogenesis and neuronal activiti...Microglia are tissue-resident macrophages residing in the central nervous system (CNS) and play critical roles in removing cellular debris and infectious agents as well as regulating neurogenesis and neuronal activities. Yet, the molecular basis underlying the establishment of microglia pool and the maintenance of their homeostasis in the CNS remain largely undefined. Here we report the identification and characterization of a mutant zebrafish, which harbors a point mutation in the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) like receptor gene nlrc3-like, resulting in the loss of microglia in a temperature sensitive manner. Temperature shift assay reveals that the late onset of nlrc3-like deficiency leads to excessive microglia cell death. Further analysis shows that the excessive microglia death in nlrc3-like deficient mutants is attributed, at least in part, to aberrant activation of canonical inflammasome pathway. Our study indicates that proper regulation of inflammasome cascade is critical for the maintenance of microglia homeostasis.展开更多
Students are very interested in the Inquiry experiment of Simulating the formation of protective colors.However,it is often influenced by the subjective factors of students in practice,so the simulation experiment is ...Students are very interested in the Inquiry experiment of Simulating the formation of protective colors.However,it is often influenced by the subjective factors of students in practice,so the simulation experiment is improved twice in teaching.After the second improvement,the experiment achieves good results.展开更多
The Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription(JAK-TAT)control natural killer(NK)cells development and cytotoxic functions,however,whether long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)are involved in this pathway...The Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription(JAK-TAT)control natural killer(NK)cells development and cytotoxic functions,however,whether long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)are involved in this pathway remains unknown.We found that miR155HG was elevated in activated NK cells and promoted their proliferation and effector functions in both NK92 and inducedpluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)-derived NK(iPSC-NK)cells,without reliance on its derived miR-155 and micropeptide P155.Mechanistically,miR155HG bound to miR-6756 and relieved its repression of JAK3 expression,thereby promoting the JAK-TAT pathway and enhancing NK cell proliferation and function.Further investigations disclosed that upon cytokine stimulation,STAT3 directly interacts with miR155HG promoter and induces miR155HG transcription.Collectively,we identify a miR155HG-mediated positive feedback loop of the JAK-TAT signaling.Our study will also provide a power target regarding miR155HG for improving NK cell generation and effector function in the field of NK cell adoptive transfer therapy against cancer,especially iPSC-derived NK cells.展开更多
The strong-field processes,including preferential ionization and immediate electronic couplings,can result in a certain permanent alignment of cations.Utilizing the permanent alignment together with molecular alignmen...The strong-field processes,including preferential ionization and immediate electronic couplings,can result in a certain permanent alignment of cations.Utilizing the permanent alignment together with molecular alignment to control the polarization of follow-up coherent emissions from ions remains unexplored to date.In the present work,we first demonstrate the permanent alignment effect on N_(2)^(+)lasing by examining its polarization,which is based on a polarization perpendicular configuration with a pump-seed scheme.It is found that the output polarization of N_(2)^(+)lasing can incline toward the pump polarization direction under a weak seed triggering,which is in contrast to the previous polarization measurement and manifests the crucial role of permanent alignment.In addition,at the alignment delay,the polarization of N_(2)^(+)lasing can be varied from linear polarization to elliptical polarization by adjusting the seed intensity.Our analysis indicates that the permanent alignment in essence arises from the anisotropic distribution of magnetic quantum number M,i.e.,the projection of rotational number J on the fixed z-axis.These findings shed light on the physics of N_(2)^(+)lasing and offer various approaches to manipulate the polarization of ionic coherent radiations.展开更多
Pericardial barrier destruction,inflammatory cell infiltration,and fibrous tissue hyperplasia,trigger adhesions after cardiac surgery.There are few anti-adhesion materials that are both functional and sutureable for p...Pericardial barrier destruction,inflammatory cell infiltration,and fibrous tissue hyperplasia,trigger adhesions after cardiac surgery.There are few anti-adhesion materials that are both functional and sutureable for pericardial reconstruction.Besides,a few studies have reported on the mechanism of preventing pericardial adhesion.Herein,a functional barrier membrane with sutureability was developed via a modified electrospinning method.It was composed of poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone)(PLCL)nanofibers,poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)aerogel,and melatonin,named PPMT.The PPMT had a special microstructure manifested as a staggered arrangement of nanofibers on the surface and a layered macroporous aerogel structure in a cross-section.Besides providing the porosity and hydrophilicity obtained from PVA,the structure also had suitable mechanical properties for stitching due to the addition of PLCL nanofibers.Furthermore,it inhibited the proliferation of fibroblasts by suppressing the activation of Fas and P53,and achieved anti-inflammatory effects by affecting the activity of inflammatory cells and reducing the release of pro-inflammatory factors,such as interleukin 8(IL-8)and tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α).Finally,in vivo transplantation showed that it up-regulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1(MMP1)and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP1),and down-regulated the expression of Vinculin and transforming growth factorβ(TGF-β)in the myocardium,thereby reducing the formation of adhesions.Collectively,these results demonstrate a great potential of PPMT membrane for practical application to anti-adhesion.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFF0801703)the State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology(Grant No.2022-GS-01)in China.
文摘Cold surges(CSs)often occur in the mid-latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere and have enormous effects on socioeconomic development.We report that the occurrences of CSs and persistent CSs(PCSs)have rebounded since the 1990s,but the trends related to the frequencies of strong CSs(SCSs)and extreme CSs(ECSs)changed from increasing to decreasing after 2000.The highest-ranked model ensemble approach was used to project the occurrences of various CSs under the SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,and SSP5-8.5 scenarios.The frequencies of the total CSs show overall decreasing trends.However,under the SSP1-2.6 scenario,slight increasing trends are noted for SCSs and ECSs in China.Atmospheric circulations that are characterized by an anomalous anticyclonic circulation with a significantly positive 500-hPa geopotential height(Z500)anomaly at high latitudes along with significant negative anomalies in China were favorable for cold air intrusions into China.In addition,the frequencies of all CS types under the SPP5-8.5 scenario greatly decreased in the long term(2071-2100),a finding which is thought to be related to negative SST anomalies in the central and western North Pacific,differences in sea level pressure(SLP)between high-and mid-latitude regions,and a weaker East Asian trough.In terms of ECSs,the decreasing trends observed during the historical period were maintained until 2024 under the SSP1-2.6 scenario.Compared to the SSP1-2.6 scenario,the Z500 pattern showed a trend of strengthened ridges over the Ural region and northern East Asia and weakened troughs over Siberia(60°-90°E)under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios,contributing to the shift to increasing trends of ECSs after 2014.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81801977, 31761163008)Shanghai Sailing Program (18YF1420400)+4 种基金the Outstanding Youth Training Program of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (2018YQ54)the Research Grants Council of the HKSAR (16102414 HKUST5/CRF/ 12R AoE/M-09/12, and T13-607/12R)the Innovation and Technology Commission of the HKSAR (ITCPD/17-9)
文摘Microglia are tissue-resident macrophages residing in the central nervous system (CNS) and play critical roles in removing cellular debris and infectious agents as well as regulating neurogenesis and neuronal activities. Yet, the molecular basis underlying the establishment of microglia pool and the maintenance of their homeostasis in the CNS remain largely undefined. Here we report the identification and characterization of a mutant zebrafish, which harbors a point mutation in the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) like receptor gene nlrc3-like, resulting in the loss of microglia in a temperature sensitive manner. Temperature shift assay reveals that the late onset of nlrc3-like deficiency leads to excessive microglia cell death. Further analysis shows that the excessive microglia death in nlrc3-like deficient mutants is attributed, at least in part, to aberrant activation of canonical inflammasome pathway. Our study indicates that proper regulation of inflammasome cascade is critical for the maintenance of microglia homeostasis.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the support provided by the Provincial First-class Undergraduate Major in Guangdong Province in 2021(Bioscience)and Key Majors(Bioscience)of Teaching Quality and Teaching Reform Project of Guangdong Undergraduate Colleges and Universities in 2018.
文摘Students are very interested in the Inquiry experiment of Simulating the formation of protective colors.However,it is often influenced by the subjective factors of students in practice,so the simulation experiment is improved twice in teaching.After the second improvement,the experiment achieves good results.
基金supported by funding from the National Key Research and Development Project(2020YFA0113500,China)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2023JJ40341,2023JJ40352)+6 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(82473934,32100616,32100490,81922068,82304510,82304511)Chongqing Science and Technology Commission of China(cstc2021jcyj-jqX0006)Scientific Research Project of Hunan Provincial Health Commission(A202302077875,B202302078452,China)the projects of Army Medical University(2022XJS06,2023XQN20,2023XQN19,China)Chongqing Municipal Education Commission Foundation(KJZD-M202412802,China)the Natural Science Foundation of Changsha,Hunan Province(kq2208087,China)the special fund of the Hunan provincial key laboratory of pediatric orthopedics(No.2023TP1019,China)。
文摘The Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription(JAK-TAT)control natural killer(NK)cells development and cytotoxic functions,however,whether long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)are involved in this pathway remains unknown.We found that miR155HG was elevated in activated NK cells and promoted their proliferation and effector functions in both NK92 and inducedpluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)-derived NK(iPSC-NK)cells,without reliance on its derived miR-155 and micropeptide P155.Mechanistically,miR155HG bound to miR-6756 and relieved its repression of JAK3 expression,thereby promoting the JAK-TAT pathway and enhancing NK cell proliferation and function.Further investigations disclosed that upon cytokine stimulation,STAT3 directly interacts with miR155HG promoter and induces miR155HG transcription.Collectively,we identify a miR155HG-mediated positive feedback loop of the JAK-TAT signaling.Our study will also provide a power target regarding miR155HG for improving NK cell generation and effector function in the field of NK cell adoptive transfer therapy against cancer,especially iPSC-derived NK cells.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12264003,12074063,and 12064009)the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.20232ACB211007)。
文摘The strong-field processes,including preferential ionization and immediate electronic couplings,can result in a certain permanent alignment of cations.Utilizing the permanent alignment together with molecular alignment to control the polarization of follow-up coherent emissions from ions remains unexplored to date.In the present work,we first demonstrate the permanent alignment effect on N_(2)^(+)lasing by examining its polarization,which is based on a polarization perpendicular configuration with a pump-seed scheme.It is found that the output polarization of N_(2)^(+)lasing can incline toward the pump polarization direction under a weak seed triggering,which is in contrast to the previous polarization measurement and manifests the crucial role of permanent alignment.In addition,at the alignment delay,the polarization of N_(2)^(+)lasing can be varied from linear polarization to elliptical polarization by adjusting the seed intensity.Our analysis indicates that the permanent alignment in essence arises from the anisotropic distribution of magnetic quantum number M,i.e.,the projection of rotational number J on the fixed z-axis.These findings shed light on the physics of N_(2)^(+)lasing and offer various approaches to manipulate the polarization of ionic coherent radiations.
基金The National Natural Science Fund of China(81873923)Shanghai Science and Technology Development Fund(20Y11910600,18441901900)supported this study.
文摘Pericardial barrier destruction,inflammatory cell infiltration,and fibrous tissue hyperplasia,trigger adhesions after cardiac surgery.There are few anti-adhesion materials that are both functional and sutureable for pericardial reconstruction.Besides,a few studies have reported on the mechanism of preventing pericardial adhesion.Herein,a functional barrier membrane with sutureability was developed via a modified electrospinning method.It was composed of poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone)(PLCL)nanofibers,poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)aerogel,and melatonin,named PPMT.The PPMT had a special microstructure manifested as a staggered arrangement of nanofibers on the surface and a layered macroporous aerogel structure in a cross-section.Besides providing the porosity and hydrophilicity obtained from PVA,the structure also had suitable mechanical properties for stitching due to the addition of PLCL nanofibers.Furthermore,it inhibited the proliferation of fibroblasts by suppressing the activation of Fas and P53,and achieved anti-inflammatory effects by affecting the activity of inflammatory cells and reducing the release of pro-inflammatory factors,such as interleukin 8(IL-8)and tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α).Finally,in vivo transplantation showed that it up-regulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1(MMP1)and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP1),and down-regulated the expression of Vinculin and transforming growth factorβ(TGF-β)in the myocardium,thereby reducing the formation of adhesions.Collectively,these results demonstrate a great potential of PPMT membrane for practical application to anti-adhesion.
