To assess the influence of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans（PCDD/Fs） on the environment in the vicinity of municipal solid waste incinerators（MSWIs）, we determined the levels of ...To assess the influence of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans（PCDD/Fs） on the environment in the vicinity of municipal solid waste incinerators（MSWIs）, we determined the levels of PCDD/Fs in air and soil samples collected around a MSWI, which is the largest in China. The International Toxicity Equivalency Quantity（I-TEQ） concentrations of PCDD/Fs in air samples were from 0.0300 to 1.03 pg I-TEQ/m^3（0.445–13.6 pg/m^3）, with an average of 0.237 pg I-TEQ/m^3, while in soil samples they ranged from 0.520 to 3.40 pg I-TEQ/g（2.41–88.7 pg/g） with an average of1.49 pg I-TEQ/g. The concentrations of PCDD/Fs in air and soil samples were comparable to other areas, and Pe CDFs were the dominant contributors, which was different from stack gas homologue patterns. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that PCDD/Fs emission from the MSWI did not directly affect the profiles of PCDD/Fs in air and soils, so that vehicles and unidentified emission sources should be considered. The daily inhalation levels of PCDD/Fs for children（0.0110 to 0.392 pg I-TEQ/（kg·day） and adults（0.00600 to 0.221 pg I-TEQ/（kg·day） near the MSWI were lower than the tolerable daily intake of 1.00 to 4.00 pg WHO-TEQ/（kg·day）, but in winter the values were higher than in summer. These results can be used as basic data for assessing the risk of PCDD/Fs exposure in residents living around this MSWI, and more monitoring programs and studies should be carried out around MSWIs.展开更多
Research on micro-machines is becoming popular.In this paper,the electric driving behavior of liquid metal columns in confining channel was studied.When the electric field was applied,the liquid metal near the negativ...Research on micro-machines is becoming popular.In this paper,the electric driving behavior of liquid metal columns in confining channel was studied.When the electric field was applied,the liquid metal near the negative electrode became flat,longer.The NaOH electrolyte(1.0 mol/L)could flow from the positive electrode to the negative electrode from a small space above the liquid metal column.Besides,the length and volume of the liquid metal would affect its motion and deformation behavior.Both cylindrical liquid column(R=5 mm,L=5 cm)and linear liquid column(R=5 mm,L=40 cm)exhibit deformable movements,which are similar to the bionic movements of earthworms.The electrically driven liquid metal in closed systems could provide a theoretical basis for droplet actuation in microtubes.It has a very wide application prospect in the field of micro-drive machines.展开更多
With the rapid development of the intelligent technology,flexible sensors have widely applied in wearable electronic products,human-computer interaction,soft robots,health care and other emerging fields.At present,mec...With the rapid development of the intelligent technology,flexible sensors have widely applied in wearable electronic products,human-computer interaction,soft robots,health care and other emerging fields.At present,mechanical sensors are based on resistance or capacitance changes alone to achieve a perceived response to force.Meanwhile the methods of flexible mechanical sensors to improve the sensitivity are mainly micro-structuring of the electrode or dielectric layer,which is a complicated process and less probing of the electrode shape.Therefore,this paper proposes a flexible sensor based liquid metal to measure mechanics through resistive-capacitive coupling.Through testing,we obtained the optimal preparation scheme.We also explored the mechanical properties of the sensor design with different combinations of liquid metal electrode shapes using simulation,and then tested the mechanical properties of the double helix liquid metal sensor prepared according to the model structure.With resistive-capacitive coupling,the sensor can achieve a sensitivity of 0.4653 kPa^(-1) with a response range of 10~343 Pa,and it has good tensile and compressive response,and cyclic stability.This study provides a new structural design direction for the subsequent application of liquid metal in flexible sensing with high sensitivity.展开更多
As a novel material,liquid metal has attracted the attention of scientists for its unique properties and wide potential applications.In this paper,the basic concepts,properties,and behaviors of liquid metals under dif...As a novel material,liquid metal has attracted the attention of scientists for its unique properties and wide potential applications.In this paper,the basic concepts,properties,and behaviors of liquid metals under different conditions are introduced,and the latest advances in their synthesis methods and application felds are discussed.The development status of liquid metal in science and industry is also introduced.The latest research progress of liquid metals is systematically reviewed,and the potential and application prospect of liquid metals in materials science,engineering,and electronic techology are revealed.The research scope covers the wide application of liquid metals in nanotechnology,materials engineering,electronic technology,energy,and other fields,as well as the latest application cases of liquid metals in flexible electronic devices,sensors,catalysts,energy storage,and other fields.At the same time,the core disputes and problems to be solved in the field of liquid metals are discussed.Through the comments on liquid metals,we hope to provide reference and guidance for researchers and promote the further development in the field of liquid metals.This review would help stimulate more people's interest in liquid metals and encourage innovation and application development in this field.展开更多
基金supported by a special grant from the State Environmental Protection Administration, research and public service industry (Grant No. 201309029)
文摘To assess the influence of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans（PCDD/Fs） on the environment in the vicinity of municipal solid waste incinerators（MSWIs）, we determined the levels of PCDD/Fs in air and soil samples collected around a MSWI, which is the largest in China. The International Toxicity Equivalency Quantity（I-TEQ） concentrations of PCDD/Fs in air samples were from 0.0300 to 1.03 pg I-TEQ/m^3（0.445–13.6 pg/m^3）, with an average of 0.237 pg I-TEQ/m^3, while in soil samples they ranged from 0.520 to 3.40 pg I-TEQ/g（2.41–88.7 pg/g） with an average of1.49 pg I-TEQ/g. The concentrations of PCDD/Fs in air and soil samples were comparable to other areas, and Pe CDFs were the dominant contributors, which was different from stack gas homologue patterns. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that PCDD/Fs emission from the MSWI did not directly affect the profiles of PCDD/Fs in air and soils, so that vehicles and unidentified emission sources should be considered. The daily inhalation levels of PCDD/Fs for children（0.0110 to 0.392 pg I-TEQ/（kg·day） and adults（0.00600 to 0.221 pg I-TEQ/（kg·day） near the MSWI were lower than the tolerable daily intake of 1.00 to 4.00 pg WHO-TEQ/（kg·day）, but in winter the values were higher than in summer. These results can be used as basic data for assessing the risk of PCDD/Fs exposure in residents living around this MSWI, and more monitoring programs and studies should be carried out around MSWIs.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(Grant Nos.cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0788,cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0925)Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission China(Grant Nos.KJQN201901342,KJQN202001317).
文摘Research on micro-machines is becoming popular.In this paper,the electric driving behavior of liquid metal columns in confining channel was studied.When the electric field was applied,the liquid metal near the negative electrode became flat,longer.The NaOH electrolyte(1.0 mol/L)could flow from the positive electrode to the negative electrode from a small space above the liquid metal column.Besides,the length and volume of the liquid metal would affect its motion and deformation behavior.Both cylindrical liquid column(R=5 mm,L=5 cm)and linear liquid column(R=5 mm,L=40 cm)exhibit deformable movements,which are similar to the bionic movements of earthworms.The electrically driven liquid metal in closed systems could provide a theoretical basis for droplet actuation in microtubes.It has a very wide application prospect in the field of micro-drive machines.
基金supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grand No.L223017)Foundation of China(12332019,U20A20390)the 111 Project(Project No.B13003).
文摘With the rapid development of the intelligent technology,flexible sensors have widely applied in wearable electronic products,human-computer interaction,soft robots,health care and other emerging fields.At present,mechanical sensors are based on resistance or capacitance changes alone to achieve a perceived response to force.Meanwhile the methods of flexible mechanical sensors to improve the sensitivity are mainly micro-structuring of the electrode or dielectric layer,which is a complicated process and less probing of the electrode shape.Therefore,this paper proposes a flexible sensor based liquid metal to measure mechanics through resistive-capacitive coupling.Through testing,we obtained the optimal preparation scheme.We also explored the mechanical properties of the sensor design with different combinations of liquid metal electrode shapes using simulation,and then tested the mechanical properties of the double helix liquid metal sensor prepared according to the model structure.With resistive-capacitive coupling,the sensor can achieve a sensitivity of 0.4653 kPa^(-1) with a response range of 10~343 Pa,and it has good tensile and compressive response,and cyclic stability.This study provides a new structural design direction for the subsequent application of liquid metal in flexible sensing with high sensitivity.
基金financially supported by Scientific Research Fund of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission[KJQN202201306]Major Cultivation Program of Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences[P2022HH06]Natural Science Foundation of Yongchuan District[2023yc-jckx20067].
文摘As a novel material,liquid metal has attracted the attention of scientists for its unique properties and wide potential applications.In this paper,the basic concepts,properties,and behaviors of liquid metals under different conditions are introduced,and the latest advances in their synthesis methods and application felds are discussed.The development status of liquid metal in science and industry is also introduced.The latest research progress of liquid metals is systematically reviewed,and the potential and application prospect of liquid metals in materials science,engineering,and electronic techology are revealed.The research scope covers the wide application of liquid metals in nanotechnology,materials engineering,electronic technology,energy,and other fields,as well as the latest application cases of liquid metals in flexible electronic devices,sensors,catalysts,energy storage,and other fields.At the same time,the core disputes and problems to be solved in the field of liquid metals are discussed.Through the comments on liquid metals,we hope to provide reference and guidance for researchers and promote the further development in the field of liquid metals.This review would help stimulate more people's interest in liquid metals and encourage innovation and application development in this field.
