PrBaFe_(2)O_(5+δ)(PBF)is one of the promising cathode materials for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell(IT-SOFC)technology.However,as the operating temperature decreases,the electrochemical performance of ...PrBaFe_(2)O_(5+δ)(PBF)is one of the promising cathode materials for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell(IT-SOFC)technology.However,as the operating temperature decreases,the electrochemical performance of this material deteriorates rapidly.To counter this,various doping strategies have been tested and reported in order to improve the electrochemical properties of this material at intermediate-temperatures.In this study,Mg-doping to partially substitute Fe of PBF was investigated.PrBaFe_(2-x)Mg_(x)O_(5+δ)(PBFMgx,x=0.1,0.15,0.2,0.3)materials were successfully synthesized,and their electrochemical performance as IT-SOFC cathode was evaluated.It is shown that Mg-doping enhances the conductivity of PBF between 650 and 800℃,impacts little on the area-specific resistance of oxygen reduction reaction at and above 700℃,and,most significantly,improves the power density of the NiSDC/SDC/PBFMg0.15single cell by 52%compared to the un-doped PBF.This enhanced electrochemical performance is attributed to the improvement in PBF conductivity by Mg-doping.展开更多
Lipids in stratum corneum are largely responsible for skin barrier function.There have been numerous studies on skin barrier repairing and moisturizing effects of products containing occlusives,emollients and humectan...Lipids in stratum corneum are largely responsible for skin barrier function.There have been numerous studies on skin barrier repairing and moisturizing effects of products containing occlusives,emollients and humectants.However,currently there are few studies systematically evaluating effect of moisturizers containing endogenous lipids on skin barrier properties.The objective of this study was to study the effect of products containing endogenous lipids on various barrier-related indicators.A total 89 subjects with dry skin were enrolled.To evaluate the effect of the test products on skin barrier function and hydration after 28 days of use on the face,this study combined clinical assessments of skin condition(skin redness,global appearance of dry line,skin roughness and radiance),instrumental assessments(transepidermal water loss,skin hydration and scaliness)and photo tracking(VISIA-CR,VC20 and 3D in-vivo Reflectance Confocal Microscope).Adverse reactions were also assessed.All test products showed significant improvement in all the attributes assessed by both clinical assessments and instrumental assessments after 28 days of treatment.In addition,the products containing skinidentical ceramides and niacinamide show improvement on TEWL and skin hydration.Two products containing exogenous lipids can improve skin hydration and barrier function which have demonstrated efficacy in improving dry skin condition.展开更多
Dear Editor,Inner ear auditory neurons,which are also referred as to spiral ganglion neurons(SGNs),bridge sound-receptor hair cells(HCs)to the cochlear nucleus in the brainstem[1].Two types of SGN exist:type I SGNs(95...Dear Editor,Inner ear auditory neurons,which are also referred as to spiral ganglion neurons(SGNs),bridge sound-receptor hair cells(HCs)to the cochlear nucleus in the brainstem[1].Two types of SGN exist:type I SGNs(95%),which innervate inner HCs(IHCs),and type II SGNs(only 5%),which form synapses with outer HCs(OHCs)[1,2].展开更多
The cochlear auditory epithelium contains two types of sound receptors,inner hair cells(IHCs)and outer hair cells(OHCs).Mouse models for labelling juvenile and adult IHCs or OHCs exist;however,labelling for embryonic ...The cochlear auditory epithelium contains two types of sound receptors,inner hair cells(IHCs)and outer hair cells(OHCs).Mouse models for labelling juvenile and adult IHCs or OHCs exist;however,labelling for embryonic and perinatal IHCs or OHCs are lacking.Here,we generated a new knock-in Fgf8^(P2A-3×GFP/+)(Fgf8^(GFP)/+)strain,in which the expression of a series of three GFP fragments is controlled by endogenous Fgf8 cis-regulatory elements.After confirming that GFP expression accurately reflects the expression of Fgf8,we successfully obtained both embryonic and neonatal IHCs with high purity,highlighting the power of Fgf8^(GFP)/+.Furthermore,our fate-mapping analysis revealed,unexpectedly,that IHCs are also derived from inner ear progenitors expressing Insm1,which is currently regarded as an OHC marker.Thus,besides serving as a highly favorable tool for sorting early IHCs,Fgf8^(GFP)/+will facilitate the isolation of pure early OHCs by excluding IHCs from the entire hair cell pool.展开更多
The air pollution in Urumqi which is located on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in northwestern China,is very serious in winter.Of particular importance is the influence of terrain-induced shallow foehn,k...The air pollution in Urumqi which is located on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in northwestern China,is very serious in winter.Of particular importance is the influence of terrain-induced shallow foehn,known locally as elevated southeasterly gale(ESEG).It usually modulates atmospheric boundary layer structure and wind field patterns and produces favorable meteorological conditions conducive to hazardous air pollution.During 2013-17,Urumqi had an average of 50 d yr-1 of heavy pollution(daily average PM2.5 concentration>150μg m-3),of which 41 days were in winter.The majority(71.4%)of heavy pollution processes were associated with the shallow foehn.Based on microwave radiometer,wind profiler,and surface observations,the surface meteorological fields and boundary layer evolution during the worst pollution episode in Urumqi during 16-23 February 2013 are investigated.The results illustrate the significant role of shallow foehn in the building,strengthening,and collapsing of temperature inversions.There were four wind field patterns corresponding to four different phases during the whole pollution event.The most serious pollution phase featured shallow foehn activity in the south of Urumqi city and the appearance of an intense inversion layer below 600 m.Intense convergence caused by foehn and mountain-valley winds was sustained during most of the phase,resulting in pollutants sinking downward to the lower boundary layer and accumulating around urban area.The key indicators of such events identified in this study are highly correlated to particulate matter concentrations and could be used to predict heavy pollution episodes in the feature.展开更多
Two reaction modes for metal-free[3+2]cyclization of N-aminopyridinium derivatives withβ-alkoxyvinyl trifluoromethylketones have been described through selective C—O or C—O/C—C bond cleavage.This strategy can also...Two reaction modes for metal-free[3+2]cyclization of N-aminopyridinium derivatives withβ-alkoxyvinyl trifluoromethylketones have been described through selective C—O or C—O/C—C bond cleavage.This strategy can also be extended to the[3+2]cyclization of N-aminopyridinium derivatives with enaminones and bromoalkynes.A broad range of N-aminopyridinium,N-aminoquinolinium,and N-aminoisoquinolinium salts are well tolerated,enabling the divergent synthesis of trifluoroacylated,non-substituted,acylated,and brominated pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine derivatives(62 examples).展开更多
Background Leptospirosis,a zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic species of the genus Leptospira,is an important public health concern globally.Leptospirosis has been notifiable under statute in China since 1955,and i...Background Leptospirosis,a zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic species of the genus Leptospira,is an important public health concern globally.Leptospirosis has been notifiable under statute in China since 1955,and its epidemiological characteristics have evolved during near 70 years.This study aimed to describe the spatial and temporal patterns and demographic characteristics of leptospirosis from 1955 to 2022 in China,and explore the possible factors that influence leptospirosis transmission risk.Methods Wavelet time series analysis,global Moran’s I coefficients,space-time scanning statistics,and so on were used to analyze temporal,seasonal,geographic,and demographic trends in leptospirosis using reported national surveillance data from Chinese mainland from 1955 to 2022.Additionally,a Bayesian spatiotemporal model was used in a preliminary analysis to explore potential factors associated with leptospirosis occurrence.Results Between 1955 and 2022,China reported 25,236,601 leptospirosis cases,with 91%occurring from July to October.The annual incidence rate peaked at 38.28/100,000 during outbreaks in the 1960s-1980s but stabilized at a low level(0.07/100,000)between 2005 and 2022,with over 99%of cases in southern China.Clustering increased over time,being greatest during the period 2015-2022(Moran’s I=0.41,P<0.01).Space-time cluster analysis indicated that the most likely clusters were in northern provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)from 1955 to 1984,in southern PLADs from 1985 to 2022.The main identified risk factors of leptospirosis occurrence were annual average precipitation(3.68,95%CI:2.50 to 5.12),GDP per capita(-3.70,95%CI:-5.97 to-1.41),and the total power of agricultural machinery(-2.51,95%CI:-3.85 to-1.17).Conclusions Over past 70 years,leptospirosis in China has occurred as significant outbreaks but has ultimately declined to stable,low levels of occurrence.However,a clear north-south disparity persists,with tropical and subtropical regions in southern China remaining high-risk areas.The nearly 70-year dataset underscores the complex interplay of climate and socioeconomic factors influencing the disease’s occurrence.Targeted prevention and control measures are critical to prevent outbreaks,especially in regions prone to extreme climatic events like heavy rainfall and floods,which may signal the resurgence of leptospirosis.展开更多
La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.8)O_(3-δ)(LSCF)is recognized as one of the most promising cathode materials for the highly-desired intermediatetemperature solid oxide fuel cell(IT-SOFC)technology.However,it is still ch...La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.8)O_(3-δ)(LSCF)is recognized as one of the most promising cathode materials for the highly-desired intermediatetemperature solid oxide fuel cell(IT-SOFC)technology.However,it is still challenged by polarization losses due to reduced operation temperatures.In this work,a series of Ba^(2+)-doped La0.6-xBaxSr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ(LBSCFx,x=0.05,0.10,0.15,and 0.20)materials are successfully synthesized and their electrochemical performances are evaluated as a cathode for IT-SOFC technology.The study shows that,compared to the un-doped LSCF,the Ba^(2+)-doped LBSCF possess higher electrical conductivities at 500-800℃ and display lower polarization resistances to oxygen adsorption/dissociation.As a result,the Ni-SDC|SDC|LBSCF0.20 cell(SDC=samarium-doped cerium,Sm_(0.2)Ce_(0.8)O_(1.9))delivers a high maximum power density of 0.704 W/cm^(2)at 750℃,which is>30%higher than the Ni-SDC|SDC|LSCF cell.This work reveals that Ba^(2+)-doping is effective in enhancing oxygen catalytic activity of LSCF-based cathode materials,demonstrating a new and commercial-feasible strategy in developing high performance cathode materials for the IT-SOFC technology.展开更多
A novel strategy for screening the enzyme inhibitors from the natural products by capillary electrophoresis （CE） with a pre column enzyme batch reactor prepared by magnetic microsphere （MB）-gold nanoparticles （Au...A novel strategy for screening the enzyme inhibitors from the natural products by capillary electrophoresis （CE） with a pre column enzyme batch reactor prepared by magnetic microsphere （MB）-gold nanoparticles （AuNPs） is reported. The enzyme batch reactor was prepared by immobilizing the enzymes on the MB conjugated AuNPs （MB-AuNPs）. To demonstrate this strategy, xanthine oxidase （XOD） was employed as a model for the activity of the enzyme, inhibition study, and inhibitor screening. With the developed CE method, the enzyme activity was de- termined by the quantification of the peak area of the product. Enzyme inhibition can be read out directly from the reduced peak area of product in comparison to a reference electropherogram obtained in the absence of any inhibitor A statistical parameter Z＇ factor was recommended for evaluation of the accuracy of a drug screening system. In the present study, it was calculated to be 0.7, implying a good accuracy. The screening of two natural extracts from Cortex Phellodendri and Rhizoma Galangae showed that they were positive for XOD inhibition by the present method. Using this immobilized enzyme technology combined with CE separation not only provides the advantages such as convenience, rapidity and low cost, but also provides a new platform for discovering enzyme-inhibitor drug lead compounds.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51974167)Natural Science Foundation Youth Foundation of Inner Mongolia(2023QN05038)Higher Education Carbon Peak Carbon Neutral Research Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(STZX202210)。
文摘PrBaFe_(2)O_(5+δ)(PBF)is one of the promising cathode materials for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell(IT-SOFC)technology.However,as the operating temperature decreases,the electrochemical performance of this material deteriorates rapidly.To counter this,various doping strategies have been tested and reported in order to improve the electrochemical properties of this material at intermediate-temperatures.In this study,Mg-doping to partially substitute Fe of PBF was investigated.PrBaFe_(2-x)Mg_(x)O_(5+δ)(PBFMgx,x=0.1,0.15,0.2,0.3)materials were successfully synthesized,and their electrochemical performance as IT-SOFC cathode was evaluated.It is shown that Mg-doping enhances the conductivity of PBF between 650 and 800℃,impacts little on the area-specific resistance of oxygen reduction reaction at and above 700℃,and,most significantly,improves the power density of the NiSDC/SDC/PBFMg0.15single cell by 52%compared to the un-doped PBF.This enhanced electrochemical performance is attributed to the improvement in PBF conductivity by Mg-doping.
文摘Lipids in stratum corneum are largely responsible for skin barrier function.There have been numerous studies on skin barrier repairing and moisturizing effects of products containing occlusives,emollients and humectants.However,currently there are few studies systematically evaluating effect of moisturizers containing endogenous lipids on skin barrier properties.The objective of this study was to study the effect of products containing endogenous lipids on various barrier-related indicators.A total 89 subjects with dry skin were enrolled.To evaluate the effect of the test products on skin barrier function and hydration after 28 days of use on the face,this study combined clinical assessments of skin condition(skin redness,global appearance of dry line,skin roughness and radiance),instrumental assessments(transepidermal water loss,skin hydration and scaliness)and photo tracking(VISIA-CR,VC20 and 3D in-vivo Reflectance Confocal Microscope).Adverse reactions were also assessed.All test products showed significant improvement in all the attributes assessed by both clinical assessments and instrumental assessments after 28 days of treatment.In addition,the products containing skinidentical ceramides and niacinamide show improvement on TEWL and skin hydration.Two products containing exogenous lipids can improve skin hydration and barrier function which have demonstrated efficacy in improving dry skin condition.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA1101804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82000985 and 82101217)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Science(XDB32060100)a Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2018SHZDZX05).
文摘Dear Editor,Inner ear auditory neurons,which are also referred as to spiral ganglion neurons(SGNs),bridge sound-receptor hair cells(HCs)to the cochlear nucleus in the brainstem[1].Two types of SGN exist:type I SGNs(95%),which innervate inner HCs(IHCs),and type II SGNs(only 5%),which form synapses with outer HCs(OHCs)[1,2].
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA1101804)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Science(XDB32060100)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91949119,82101212,and 82101209)a Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2018SHZDZX05)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(21ZR1440200)the Shanghai Sailing Program(20YF1426400).
文摘The cochlear auditory epithelium contains two types of sound receptors,inner hair cells(IHCs)and outer hair cells(OHCs).Mouse models for labelling juvenile and adult IHCs or OHCs exist;however,labelling for embryonic and perinatal IHCs or OHCs are lacking.Here,we generated a new knock-in Fgf8^(P2A-3×GFP/+)(Fgf8^(GFP)/+)strain,in which the expression of a series of three GFP fragments is controlled by endogenous Fgf8 cis-regulatory elements.After confirming that GFP expression accurately reflects the expression of Fgf8,we successfully obtained both embryonic and neonatal IHCs with high purity,highlighting the power of Fgf8^(GFP)/+.Furthermore,our fate-mapping analysis revealed,unexpectedly,that IHCs are also derived from inner ear progenitors expressing Insm1,which is currently regarded as an OHC marker.Thus,besides serving as a highly favorable tool for sorting early IHCs,Fgf8^(GFP)/+will facilitate the isolation of pure early OHCs by excluding IHCs from the entire hair cell pool.
基金supported by Central Scientific Research and Operational Project (IDM2020001)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41575011)China Desert Funds (Sqj2017013, Sqj2019004)
文摘The air pollution in Urumqi which is located on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in northwestern China,is very serious in winter.Of particular importance is the influence of terrain-induced shallow foehn,known locally as elevated southeasterly gale(ESEG).It usually modulates atmospheric boundary layer structure and wind field patterns and produces favorable meteorological conditions conducive to hazardous air pollution.During 2013-17,Urumqi had an average of 50 d yr-1 of heavy pollution(daily average PM2.5 concentration>150μg m-3),of which 41 days were in winter.The majority(71.4%)of heavy pollution processes were associated with the shallow foehn.Based on microwave radiometer,wind profiler,and surface observations,the surface meteorological fields and boundary layer evolution during the worst pollution episode in Urumqi during 16-23 February 2013 are investigated.The results illustrate the significant role of shallow foehn in the building,strengthening,and collapsing of temperature inversions.There were four wind field patterns corresponding to four different phases during the whole pollution event.The most serious pollution phase featured shallow foehn activity in the south of Urumqi city and the appearance of an intense inversion layer below 600 m.Intense convergence caused by foehn and mountain-valley winds was sustained during most of the phase,resulting in pollutants sinking downward to the lower boundary layer and accumulating around urban area.The key indicators of such events identified in this study are highly correlated to particulate matter concentrations and could be used to predict heavy pollution episodes in the feature.
基金supported by a Start-up Grant from Guangdong Pharmaceutical University(Grant No.51304043005)Guangdong Province College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project(202310573021).
文摘Two reaction modes for metal-free[3+2]cyclization of N-aminopyridinium derivatives withβ-alkoxyvinyl trifluoromethylketones have been described through selective C—O or C—O/C—C bond cleavage.This strategy can also be extended to the[3+2]cyclization of N-aminopyridinium derivatives with enaminones and bromoalkynes.A broad range of N-aminopyridinium,N-aminoquinolinium,and N-aminoisoquinolinium salts are well tolerated,enabling the divergent synthesis of trifluoroacylated,non-substituted,acylated,and brominated pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine derivatives(62 examples).
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2602900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82473736)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(147)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2305304)the Special Financial Fund of China(102393220020020000029).
文摘Background Leptospirosis,a zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic species of the genus Leptospira,is an important public health concern globally.Leptospirosis has been notifiable under statute in China since 1955,and its epidemiological characteristics have evolved during near 70 years.This study aimed to describe the spatial and temporal patterns and demographic characteristics of leptospirosis from 1955 to 2022 in China,and explore the possible factors that influence leptospirosis transmission risk.Methods Wavelet time series analysis,global Moran’s I coefficients,space-time scanning statistics,and so on were used to analyze temporal,seasonal,geographic,and demographic trends in leptospirosis using reported national surveillance data from Chinese mainland from 1955 to 2022.Additionally,a Bayesian spatiotemporal model was used in a preliminary analysis to explore potential factors associated with leptospirosis occurrence.Results Between 1955 and 2022,China reported 25,236,601 leptospirosis cases,with 91%occurring from July to October.The annual incidence rate peaked at 38.28/100,000 during outbreaks in the 1960s-1980s but stabilized at a low level(0.07/100,000)between 2005 and 2022,with over 99%of cases in southern China.Clustering increased over time,being greatest during the period 2015-2022(Moran’s I=0.41,P<0.01).Space-time cluster analysis indicated that the most likely clusters were in northern provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)from 1955 to 1984,in southern PLADs from 1985 to 2022.The main identified risk factors of leptospirosis occurrence were annual average precipitation(3.68,95%CI:2.50 to 5.12),GDP per capita(-3.70,95%CI:-5.97 to-1.41),and the total power of agricultural machinery(-2.51,95%CI:-3.85 to-1.17).Conclusions Over past 70 years,leptospirosis in China has occurred as significant outbreaks but has ultimately declined to stable,low levels of occurrence.However,a clear north-south disparity persists,with tropical and subtropical regions in southern China remaining high-risk areas.The nearly 70-year dataset underscores the complex interplay of climate and socioeconomic factors influencing the disease’s occurrence.Targeted prevention and control measures are critical to prevent outbreaks,especially in regions prone to extreme climatic events like heavy rainfall and floods,which may signal the resurgence of leptospirosis.
基金The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51974167)XRD,SEM and TEM examinations were assisted by the Center of Laboratory,Inner Monglia University of Science and Technology.
文摘La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.8)O_(3-δ)(LSCF)is recognized as one of the most promising cathode materials for the highly-desired intermediatetemperature solid oxide fuel cell(IT-SOFC)technology.However,it is still challenged by polarization losses due to reduced operation temperatures.In this work,a series of Ba^(2+)-doped La0.6-xBaxSr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ(LBSCFx,x=0.05,0.10,0.15,and 0.20)materials are successfully synthesized and their electrochemical performances are evaluated as a cathode for IT-SOFC technology.The study shows that,compared to the un-doped LSCF,the Ba^(2+)-doped LBSCF possess higher electrical conductivities at 500-800℃ and display lower polarization resistances to oxygen adsorption/dissociation.As a result,the Ni-SDC|SDC|LBSCF0.20 cell(SDC=samarium-doped cerium,Sm_(0.2)Ce_(0.8)O_(1.9))delivers a high maximum power density of 0.704 W/cm^(2)at 750℃,which is>30%higher than the Ni-SDC|SDC|LSCF cell.This work reveals that Ba^(2+)-doping is effective in enhancing oxygen catalytic activity of LSCF-based cathode materials,demonstrating a new and commercial-feasible strategy in developing high performance cathode materials for the IT-SOFC technology.
基金Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundations of China （Nos. 21327007, 21465005）, and the National Basic Research Program of China （No. 211GXNSFDA139006） as well as BAGU1 Scholar Program is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘A novel strategy for screening the enzyme inhibitors from the natural products by capillary electrophoresis （CE） with a pre column enzyme batch reactor prepared by magnetic microsphere （MB）-gold nanoparticles （AuNPs） is reported. The enzyme batch reactor was prepared by immobilizing the enzymes on the MB conjugated AuNPs （MB-AuNPs）. To demonstrate this strategy, xanthine oxidase （XOD） was employed as a model for the activity of the enzyme, inhibition study, and inhibitor screening. With the developed CE method, the enzyme activity was de- termined by the quantification of the peak area of the product. Enzyme inhibition can be read out directly from the reduced peak area of product in comparison to a reference electropherogram obtained in the absence of any inhibitor A statistical parameter Z＇ factor was recommended for evaluation of the accuracy of a drug screening system. In the present study, it was calculated to be 0.7, implying a good accuracy. The screening of two natural extracts from Cortex Phellodendri and Rhizoma Galangae showed that they were positive for XOD inhibition by the present method. Using this immobilized enzyme technology combined with CE separation not only provides the advantages such as convenience, rapidity and low cost, but also provides a new platform for discovering enzyme-inhibitor drug lead compounds.
