Biological specimens are fundamental for taxonomy and flora/fauna research.More importantly,they also play crucial roles in recording environmental impacts on morphology and behavior,which is vital for biodiversity re...Biological specimens are fundamental for taxonomy and flora/fauna research.More importantly,they also play crucial roles in recording environmental impacts on morphology and behavior,which is vital for biodiversity research and conservation.However,there are few systematic studies on the patterns and drivers of bird specimen number at regional scales.This study is the first attempt to examine the relationships between bird specimen number and species traits as well as climate niche breadth in China,aiming to answer two questions:1)how do species’temperature niche breadth and precipitation niche breadth influence specimen number?2)which trait is most associated with bird specimen number?The associations between bird specimen number and explanatory variables were examined using ordinary least squares,generalized linear models,phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models,and multiple comparisons.The results showed that Muscicapidae was the family with the highest specimen number,and Passeriformes was the order with the highest specimen number.Bird specimen number significantly increased with larger temperature niche breadth and precipitation niche breadth.Specimen number was also positively associated with geographic range size,habitat specificity,hunting vulnerability and clutch size,but negatively associated with body size.These findings suggest that future bird specimen collection should pay more attention to birds with limited ecological niches,large body sizes,and small clutch sizes.This research enhances the use of bird specimen data to study and preserve biodiversity.展开更多
The effects of air frying at different temperatures(140℃,160℃,180℃,and 200℃)on the simulated digestive properties of proteins in scallop adductor muscle(SAM)and the mechanisms involved were investigated.The result...The effects of air frying at different temperatures(140℃,160℃,180℃,and 200℃)on the simulated digestive properties of proteins in scallop adductor muscle(SAM)and the mechanisms involved were investigated.The results of the simulated gastrointestinal digestion showed that the 160℃-treated SAM group had significantly higher protein digestibility than the fresh SAM group,which was reflected in higher degree of hydrolysis,more low molecular weight(<0.5 kDa)protein digestive products,and less insoluble residues,while the 140℃-,180℃-and 200℃-treated SAM groups all had opposite results.Moreover,air frying altered the solubility,secondary structure percentage and surface hydrophobicity of SAM proteins,as well as the microstructure of insoluble residues in simulated gastric juice.Correlation analysis showed that the protein digestive level of the air fried SAMs was positively correlated with the ratio of soluble proteins before digestion and the surface hydrophobicity of insoluble residues,but negatively correlated with the content ofα-helix of soluble proteins dissolved in simulated gastric juice.Therefore,the highest digestibility of the 160℃-treated SAM group can be attributed to the lowestα-helix content of soluble proteins,as well as the highest surface hydrophobicity and the largest pores size of insoluble residues.The present study provides a good basis for understanding the effects of air frying temperature on the digestive properties of aquatic muscle foods and the mechanisms involved,which contributes to establish precise air frying method for aquatic muscle foods.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia,China(2023JQ01)the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFA0607103)+2 种基金the Central Government Guides Local Science and Technology Development Fund Projects(2022ZY0224)the Open Project Program of’Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resources Use of the Mongolian Plateau(KF2023003)’the Major Science and Technology Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region:Monitoring,Assessment and Early Warning Technology Research of Biodiversity in Inner Mongolia(2021ZD0011)。
文摘Biological specimens are fundamental for taxonomy and flora/fauna research.More importantly,they also play crucial roles in recording environmental impacts on morphology and behavior,which is vital for biodiversity research and conservation.However,there are few systematic studies on the patterns and drivers of bird specimen number at regional scales.This study is the first attempt to examine the relationships between bird specimen number and species traits as well as climate niche breadth in China,aiming to answer two questions:1)how do species’temperature niche breadth and precipitation niche breadth influence specimen number?2)which trait is most associated with bird specimen number?The associations between bird specimen number and explanatory variables were examined using ordinary least squares,generalized linear models,phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models,and multiple comparisons.The results showed that Muscicapidae was the family with the highest specimen number,and Passeriformes was the order with the highest specimen number.Bird specimen number significantly increased with larger temperature niche breadth and precipitation niche breadth.Specimen number was also positively associated with geographic range size,habitat specificity,hunting vulnerability and clutch size,but negatively associated with body size.These findings suggest that future bird specimen collection should pay more attention to birds with limited ecological niches,large body sizes,and small clutch sizes.This research enhances the use of bird specimen data to study and preserve biodiversity.
基金supported by“National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD0901000)”“Dalian Science and Technology Innovation Fund Project(2019J11CY005)”+1 种基金“Central Funds Guiding the Local Science and Technology Development(No.2020JH6/10500002)”“Marine Economic Development Project of Liaoning Province(2022-47)”.
文摘The effects of air frying at different temperatures(140℃,160℃,180℃,and 200℃)on the simulated digestive properties of proteins in scallop adductor muscle(SAM)and the mechanisms involved were investigated.The results of the simulated gastrointestinal digestion showed that the 160℃-treated SAM group had significantly higher protein digestibility than the fresh SAM group,which was reflected in higher degree of hydrolysis,more low molecular weight(<0.5 kDa)protein digestive products,and less insoluble residues,while the 140℃-,180℃-and 200℃-treated SAM groups all had opposite results.Moreover,air frying altered the solubility,secondary structure percentage and surface hydrophobicity of SAM proteins,as well as the microstructure of insoluble residues in simulated gastric juice.Correlation analysis showed that the protein digestive level of the air fried SAMs was positively correlated with the ratio of soluble proteins before digestion and the surface hydrophobicity of insoluble residues,but negatively correlated with the content ofα-helix of soluble proteins dissolved in simulated gastric juice.Therefore,the highest digestibility of the 160℃-treated SAM group can be attributed to the lowestα-helix content of soluble proteins,as well as the highest surface hydrophobicity and the largest pores size of insoluble residues.The present study provides a good basis for understanding the effects of air frying temperature on the digestive properties of aquatic muscle foods and the mechanisms involved,which contributes to establish precise air frying method for aquatic muscle foods.
