Sensor noise is a critical factor that degrades the performance of image processing systems.In traditional computing systems,noise correction is implemented in the digital domain,resulting in redundant latency and pow...Sensor noise is a critical factor that degrades the performance of image processing systems.In traditional computing systems,noise correction is implemented in the digital domain,resulting in redundant latency and power consumption overhead in the analog-to-digital conversion.In this work,we propose an analog-domain image correction architecture based on a proposed small-scale UNet,which implements a compact noise correction network within a one-transistor-one-memristor(1T1R)array.The statistical non-idealities of the fabricated 1T1R array(e.g.,device variability)are rigorously incorporated into the network's training and inference simulations.This correction network architecture leverages memristors for conducting multiply-accumulate operations aimed at rectifying non-uniform noise,defective pixels(stuck-at-bright/dark),and exposure mismatch.Compared to systems without correction,the proposed architecture achieves up to 50.13%improvement in recognition accuracy while demonstrating robust tolerance to memristor device-level errors.The proposed system achieves a 2.13-fold latency reduction and three orders of magnitude higher energy efficiency compared to conventional architecture.This work establishes a new paradigm for advancing the development of low-power,low-latency,and high-precision image processing systems.展开更多
Near net shaped Ti−45Al−7Nb−0.3W alloy(at.%)parts were manufactured by hot isostatic pressing(HIP).The microstructure and high-temperature mechanical properties of the alloy were investigated by X-ray diffractometry(X...Near net shaped Ti−45Al−7Nb−0.3W alloy(at.%)parts were manufactured by hot isostatic pressing(HIP).The microstructure and high-temperature mechanical properties of the alloy were investigated by X-ray diffractometry(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The results show that at a temperature of 700℃,the peak yield stress(YS)and ultimate tensile stress(UTS)of alloy are 534 and 575 MPa,respectively,and the alloy shows satisfactory comprehensive mechanical properties at 850℃.The alloy exhibits superplastic characteristics at 1000℃with an initial strain rate of 5×10^−5 s^−1.When the tensile temperature is below 750℃,the deformation mechanisms are dislocation movements and mechanical twinning.Increasing the tensile temperature above 800℃,grain boundary sliding and grain rotation occur more frequently due to the accumulation of dislocations at grain boundary.展开更多
Pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR)proteins perform essential functions in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression,particularly RNA editing and RNA splicing,in plant organelles.Although research on chloroplast bi...Pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR)proteins perform essential functions in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression,particularly RNA editing and RNA splicing,in plant organelles.Although research on chloroplast biogenesis and development has been extensive,the functions of most PPR genes in this process in rice(Oryza sativa)remain incompletely understood.This study identifies a novel P-type PPR protein,YELLOW-GREEN LEAF AND SEEDLING LETHALITY(YGS),which localizes to rice chloroplasts.YGS shows predominant expression in leaves.The ygs mutants,generated through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing of the YGS gene,displayed yellow-green leaves and seedling lethality.These phenotypes corresponded with reduced pigment levels and disrupted chloroplast ultrastructure compared to wild-type plants.Furthermore,the expression of genes associated with chloroplast development and chlorophyll biosynthesis showed significant alterations in the ygs mutants.The absence of YGS function affected RNA editing of rpl2 and intron splicing of ycf3-1 in the plastid genome.Additionally,YGS demonstrated interaction with the chloroplast signal recognition particle protein Oscp SRP54b in yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation analyses.These results indicate that YGS participates in RNA editing and RNA splicing in chloroplasts,thus serving a vital role in rice chloroplast development.展开更多
In this study,we used the modified CRISPR/Cas9 system to produce targeted point mutations in cauliflower.Acetolactate synthase(ALS)and Centromere-specific histone H3 variant(CENH3)genes were selected as the base-editi...In this study,we used the modified CRISPR/Cas9 system to produce targeted point mutations in cauliflower.Acetolactate synthase(ALS)and Centromere-specific histone H3 variant(CENH3)genes were selected as the base-editing targets and hypocotyls of cauliflower were used as explants.For ALS gene,a C-to-T conversion in the Pro182 codon(CCT)can alter the encoded amino acid,likely resulting in herbicide resistance,and a C-to-T mutation in the Leu133 codon(CTT)in the CENH3 gene may produce a haploid inducer.Results indicated that the transformation efficiency was 1.8%–4.5%and the mutation efficiencies for the ALS and CENH3 genes were approximately 22%and 87%,respectively.The ALS mutant cauliflower showed strong herbicide resistance,with possible immediate implications for broadleaf weed control in cauliflower fields.展开更多
Long-term societal prosperity depends on addressing the world’s energy and environmental problems,and photocatalysis has emerged as a viable remedy.Improving the efficiency of photocatalytic processes is fundamentall...Long-term societal prosperity depends on addressing the world’s energy and environmental problems,and photocatalysis has emerged as a viable remedy.Improving the efficiency of photocatalytic processes is fundamentally achieved by optimizing the effective utilization of solar energy and enhancing the efficient separation of photogenerated charges.It has been demonstrated that the fabrication ofⅢ–Ⅴsemiconductor-based photocatalysts is effective in increasing solar light absorption,long-term stability,large-scale production and promoting charge transfer.This focused review explores on the current developments inⅢ–Ⅴsemiconductor materials for solar-powered photocatalytic systems.The review explores on various subjects,including the advancement ofⅢ–Ⅴsemiconductors,photocatalytic mechanisms,and their uses in H2 conversion,CO_(2)reduction,environmental remediation,and photocatalytic oxidation and reduction reactions.In order to design heterostructures,the review delves into basic concepts including solar light absorption and effective charge separation.It also highlights significant advancements in green energy systems for water splitting,emphasizing the significance of establishing eco-friendly systems for CO_(2)reduction and hydrogen production.The main purpose is to produce hydrogen through sustainable and ecologically friendly energy conversion.The review intends to foster the development of greener and more sustainable energy source by encouraging researchers and developers to focus on practical applications and advancements in solar-powered photocatalysis.展开更多
Solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)have attracted a great deal of interest because they have the highest efficiency without using any noble metal as catalysts among all the fuel cell technologies.However,traditional SOFCs s...Solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)have attracted a great deal of interest because they have the highest efficiency without using any noble metal as catalysts among all the fuel cell technologies.However,traditional SOFCs suffer from having a higher volume,current leakage,complex connections,and difficulty in gas sealing.To solve these problems,Rolls-Royce has fabricated a simple design by stacking cells in series on an insulating porous support,resulting in the tubular segmented-in-series solid oxide fuel cells(SIS-SOFCs),which achieved higher output voltage.This work systematically reviews recent advances in the structures,preparation methods,perform-ances,and stability of tubular SIS-SOFCs in experimental and numerical studies.Finally,the challenges and future development of tubular SIS-SOFCs are also discussed.The findings of this work can help guide the direction and inspire innovation of future development in this field.展开更多
Enhancing the water permeation while maintaining high salt rejection of existing reverse osmosis(RO)membranes remains a considerable challenge.Herein,we proposed to introduce polymer of intrinsic microporosity,PIM-1,i...Enhancing the water permeation while maintaining high salt rejection of existing reverse osmosis(RO)membranes remains a considerable challenge.Herein,we proposed to introduce polymer of intrinsic microporosity,PIM-1,into the selective layer of reverse osmosis membranes to break the trade-off effect between permeability and selectivity.A water-soluble a-LPIM-1 of low-molecular-weight and hydroxyl terminals was synthesized.These designed characteristics endowed it with high solubility and reactivity.Then it was mixed with m-phenylenediamine and together served as aqueous monomer to react with organic monomer of trimesoyl chloride via interfacial polymerization.The characterization results exhibited that more“nodule”rather than“leaf”structure formed on RO membrane surface,which indicated that the introduction of the high free-volume of a-LPIM-1 with three dimensional twisted and folded structure into the selective layer effectively caused the frustrated packing between polymer chains.In virtue of this effect,even with reduced surface roughness and unchanged layer thickness,the water permeability of prepared reverse osmosis membranes increased 2.1 times to 62.8 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1) with acceptable Na Cl rejection of 97.6%.This attempt developed a new strategy to break the trade-off effect faced by traditional polyamide reverse osmosis membranes.展开更多
Due to the compromise between exciton diffusion length and light absorption, the active layer thickness of organic solar cells(OSCs) is limited. As we all know, embedding metal nanostructures into OSCs can improve the...Due to the compromise between exciton diffusion length and light absorption, the active layer thickness of organic solar cells(OSCs) is limited. As we all know, embedding metal nanostructures into OSCs can improve the performance of OSCs by triggering surface plasma resonance, scattering, and other effect without increasing the physical thickness of light trapping layer. Besides, the plasma response and other roles will distinguish when metal nanostructures are embedded into different position of OSCs, which are equally important to the performance of OSCs. In this paper, the enhancement mechanisms of various metal nanostructures in different layers of OSCs are summarized from the electricity and optics aspects.This review also further highlights the progress of plasma effect and their working mechanism in OSCs,and it is expected to provide more perspective of plasma effect for performance enhancement of OSCs.展开更多
Load forecasting is a crucial aspect of intelligent Virtual Power Plant(VPP)management and ameans of balancing the relationship between distributed power grids and traditional power grids.However,due to the continuous...Load forecasting is a crucial aspect of intelligent Virtual Power Plant(VPP)management and ameans of balancing the relationship between distributed power grids and traditional power grids.However,due to the continuous emergence of power consumption peaks,the power supply quality of the power grid cannot be guaranteed.Therefore,an intelligent calculation method is required to effectively predict the load,enabling better power grid dispatching and ensuring the stable operation of the power grid.This paper proposes a decentralized heterogeneous federated distillation learning algorithm(DHFDL)to promote trusted federated learning(FL)between different federates in the blockchain.The algorithm comprises two stages:common knowledge accumulation and personalized training.In the first stage,each federate on the blockchain is treated as ameta-distribution.After aggregating the knowledge of each federate circularly,the model is uploaded to the blockchain.In the second stage,other federates on the blockchain download the trained model for personalized training,both of which are based on knowledge distillation.Experimental results demonstrate that the DHFDL algorithmproposed in this paper can resist a higher proportion of malicious code compared to FedAvg and a Blockchain-based Federated Learning framework with Committee consensus(BFLC).Additionally,by combining asynchronous consensus with the FL model training process,the DHFDL training time is the shortest,and the training efficiency of decentralized FL is improved.展开更多
Spin injection, spin diffusion, and spin detection are investigated in Co/Ag/Co lateral spin valves at room temperature.Clear spin accumulation signals are detected by the non-local measurement. By fitting the results...Spin injection, spin diffusion, and spin detection are investigated in Co/Ag/Co lateral spin valves at room temperature.Clear spin accumulation signals are detected by the non-local measurement. By fitting the results to the one-dimensional diffusion equation,8.6% spin polarization of the Co/Ag interface and -180 nm spin diffusion length in Ag are obtained.Thermal treatment results show that the spin accumulation signal drastically decreases after 100℃ annealing, and disappears under 200℃ annealing. Our results demonstrate that, compared to the spin diffusion length, the decrease and the disappearance of the spin accumulation signal are mainly dominated by the variation of the interfacial spin polarization of the Co/Ag interface.展开更多
We discuss freezing of quantum imaginarity based onℓ_(1)-norm.Several properties about a quantity of imaginarity based onℓ_(1)-norm are revealed.For a qubit(2-dimensional)system,we characterize the structure of real q...We discuss freezing of quantum imaginarity based onℓ_(1)-norm.Several properties about a quantity of imaginarity based onℓ_(1)-norm are revealed.For a qubit(2-dimensional)system,we characterize the structure of real quantum operations that allow for freezing the quantity of imaginarity of any state.Furthermore,we characterize the structure of local real operations which can freeze the quantity of imaginarity of a class of N-qubit quantum states.展开更多
We performed high-pressure transport studies on the flat-band Kagome compounds,Pd_(3)P_(2)(S_(1−x)Se_(x))_(8)(x=0,0.25),with a diamond anvil cell.For both compounds,the resistivity exhibits an insulating behavior with...We performed high-pressure transport studies on the flat-band Kagome compounds,Pd_(3)P_(2)(S_(1−x)Se_(x))_(8)(x=0,0.25),with a diamond anvil cell.For both compounds,the resistivity exhibits an insulating behavior with pressure up to 17GPa.With pressure above 20GPa,a metallic behavior is observed at high temperatures in Pd_(3)P_(2)S_(8),and superconductivity emerges at low temperatures.The onset temperature of superconducting transition T_(C) rises monotonically from 2K to 4.8K and does not saturate with pressure up to 43GPa.For the Se-doped compound Pd_(3)P_(2)(S_(0.75)Se_(0.25))_(8),the T_(C) is about 1.5K higher than that of the undoped one over the whole pressure range,and reaches 6.4K at 43GPa.The upper critical field with field applied along the c axis at typical pressures is about 50%of the Pauli limit,suggesting a 3D superconductivity.The Hall coefficient in the metallic phase is low and exhibits a peaked behavior at about 30 K,which suggests either a multi-band electronic structure or an electron correlation effect in the system.展开更多
I.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY next-generation,high-intensity electron-positron collider"Higgs factory",such as the Circular Electron-Positron Collider(CEPC),is among the highest priorities for the global high-energy c...I.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY next-generation,high-intensity electron-positron collider"Higgs factory",such as the Circular Electron-Positron Collider(CEPC),is among the highest priorities for the global high-energy collider physics community.The CEPC can provide unprecedented opportunities for making fundamental discoveries and providing decisive insights in the quest for a"New Standard Model(SM)"of nature's fundamental interactions.The CEPC could:·Identify the origin of matter,especially the mechanism related to the first-order phase transition in the early Universe,which could produce a detectable gravitational wave signal.展开更多
Dear Editor,Chemerin functions as both an adipocytokine and a chemotactic factor and plays key roles in adipogenesis and inflammation(Bozaoglu et al.,2007;Bondue et al.,2011).The chemerin receptors chemokine-like rece...Dear Editor,Chemerin functions as both an adipocytokine and a chemotactic factor and plays key roles in adipogenesis and inflammation(Bozaoglu et al.,2007;Bondue et al.,2011).The chemerin receptors chemokine-like receptor 1(CMKLR1)and G protein-coupled receptor 1(GPR1),play crucial roles in regulating obesity,inflammation,and cancer,highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets(Bozaoglu et al.,2007;Ernst and Sinal,2010;Su et al.,2021).Although both receptors recognize the same ligand,chemerin,and share high sequence identity,they exhibit distinct signaling properties and biological functions(Bozaoglu et al.,2007;De Henau et al.,2016;Fischer et al.,2021).CMKLR1 is the canonical chemerin receptor that mediates both G protein and arrestin signaling,while GPR1 exhibits weak G protein signaling but strong arrestin-dependent and-independent internalization(De Henau et al.,2016;Fig.1A and 1B).The chemerin-CMKLR1 axis regulates lipid and glucose metabolism(Kennedy and Davenport,2018),and is associated with chronic inflammation,obesity,and obesity-related disorders such as insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome,with several compounds and antibodies under preclinical or early clinical investigation(Goralski et al.,2007;Kennedy et al.,2016;Trilleaud et al.,2021).In contrast,the mechanisms of atypical signaling and biological function of GPR1 remain unclear.展开更多
Metachromatic leukodystrophy(MLD)is an inherited disease caused by a deficiency of the enzyme arylsulfatase A(ARSA).Lentivirus-modified autologous hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy(HSCGT)has recently been approved ...Metachromatic leukodystrophy(MLD)is an inherited disease caused by a deficiency of the enzyme arylsulfatase A(ARSA).Lentivirus-modified autologous hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy(HSCGT)has recently been approved for clinical use in pre and early symptomatic children with MLD to increase ARSA activity.Unfortunately,this advanced therapy is not available for most patients with MLD who have progressed to more advanced symptomatic stages at diagnosis.Patients with late-onset juvenile MLD typically present with a slower neurological progression of symptoms and represent a significant burden to the economy and healthcare system,whereas those with early onset infantile MLD die within a few years of symptom onset.We conducted a pilot study to determine the safety and benefit of HSCGT in patients with postsymptomatic juvenile MLD and report preliminary results.The safety profile of HSCGT was favorable in this long-term follow-up over 9 years.The most common adverse events(AEs)within 2 months of HSCGT were related to busulfan conditioning,and all AEs resolved.No HSCGT-related AEs and no evidence of distorted hematopoietic differentiation during long-term follow-up for up to 9.6 years.Importantly,to date,patients have maintained remarkably improved ARSA activity with a stable disease state,including increased Functional Independence Measure(FIM)score and decreased magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)lesion score.This long-term follow-up pilot study suggests that HSCGT is safe and provides clinical benefit to patients with postsymptomatic juvenile MLD.展开更多
Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)is a type of RNA over 200 nt long without any protein coding ability,which has been investigated relating to crucial biological function in cells.There are many key lncRNAs in tumor/normal...Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)is a type of RNA over 200 nt long without any protein coding ability,which has been investigated relating to crucial biological function in cells.There are many key lncRNAs in tumor/normal cells that serve as a biological marker or a new target for tumor treatment.However,compared to some small non-coding RNA,lncRNA-based drugs are limited in clinical application.Different from other non-coding RNA,like microRNAs,most lncRNAs have a high molecular weight and conserved secondary structure,making the delivery of lncRNAs more complex than the small non-coding RNAs.Considering that lncRNAs constitute the most abundant part of the mammalian genome,it is critical to further explore lncRNA delivery and the subsequent functional studies for potential clinical application.In this review,we will discuss the function and mechanism of lncRNAs in diseases,especially cancer,and different approaches for lncRNA transfection using multiple biomaterials.展开更多
Dear Editor,The purinergic receptors(P2YRs)are involved in a variety of physiological processes,including proliferation,chemotaxis,cancer metastasis,cardiovascular events,neurodegenerative diseases and aging(Weisman e...Dear Editor,The purinergic receptors(P2YRs)are involved in a variety of physiological processes,including proliferation,chemotaxis,cancer metastasis,cardiovascular events,neurodegenerative diseases and aging(Weisman et al.,2012).Thus far,eight human P2YRs have been characterized and are classified into two subfamilies based on their sequence homology and signal transduction mechanisms,including P2Y1 R-like receptors that signal preferentially through Gq/11 proteins and P2Y12R-like receptors that activate Gi/o proteins(Abbracchio et al.,2006).展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2024YFA1208800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62404253,62304254,U23A20322)。
文摘Sensor noise is a critical factor that degrades the performance of image processing systems.In traditional computing systems,noise correction is implemented in the digital domain,resulting in redundant latency and power consumption overhead in the analog-to-digital conversion.In this work,we propose an analog-domain image correction architecture based on a proposed small-scale UNet,which implements a compact noise correction network within a one-transistor-one-memristor(1T1R)array.The statistical non-idealities of the fabricated 1T1R array(e.g.,device variability)are rigorously incorporated into the network's training and inference simulations.This correction network architecture leverages memristors for conducting multiply-accumulate operations aimed at rectifying non-uniform noise,defective pixels(stuck-at-bright/dark),and exposure mismatch.Compared to systems without correction,the proposed architecture achieves up to 50.13%improvement in recognition accuracy while demonstrating robust tolerance to memristor device-level errors.The proposed system achieves a 2.13-fold latency reduction and three orders of magnitude higher energy efficiency compared to conventional architecture.This work establishes a new paradigm for advancing the development of low-power,low-latency,and high-precision image processing systems.
基金Project(51774335)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2019JJ40374)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(CSUZC202004)supported by the Open Sharing Fund for the Large-scale Instruments and Equipments of Central South University,China。
文摘Near net shaped Ti−45Al−7Nb−0.3W alloy(at.%)parts were manufactured by hot isostatic pressing(HIP).The microstructure and high-temperature mechanical properties of the alloy were investigated by X-ray diffractometry(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The results show that at a temperature of 700℃,the peak yield stress(YS)and ultimate tensile stress(UTS)of alloy are 534 and 575 MPa,respectively,and the alloy shows satisfactory comprehensive mechanical properties at 850℃.The alloy exhibits superplastic characteristics at 1000℃with an initial strain rate of 5×10^−5 s^−1.When the tensile temperature is below 750℃,the deformation mechanisms are dislocation movements and mechanical twinning.Increasing the tensile temperature above 800℃,grain boundary sliding and grain rotation occur more frequently due to the accumulation of dislocations at grain boundary.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201784,32072048,and U2004204)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(ZR2020QC111 and ZR2022QC176)the Talent Introduction Project of Dezhou University,China(2020xjrc207)。
文摘Pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR)proteins perform essential functions in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression,particularly RNA editing and RNA splicing,in plant organelles.Although research on chloroplast biogenesis and development has been extensive,the functions of most PPR genes in this process in rice(Oryza sativa)remain incompletely understood.This study identifies a novel P-type PPR protein,YELLOW-GREEN LEAF AND SEEDLING LETHALITY(YGS),which localizes to rice chloroplasts.YGS shows predominant expression in leaves.The ygs mutants,generated through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing of the YGS gene,displayed yellow-green leaves and seedling lethality.These phenotypes corresponded with reduced pigment levels and disrupted chloroplast ultrastructure compared to wild-type plants.Furthermore,the expression of genes associated with chloroplast development and chlorophyll biosynthesis showed significant alterations in the ygs mutants.The absence of YGS function affected RNA editing of rpl2 and intron splicing of ycf3-1 in the plastid genome.Additionally,YGS demonstrated interaction with the chloroplast signal recognition particle protein Oscp SRP54b in yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation analyses.These results indicate that YGS participates in RNA editing and RNA splicing in chloroplasts,thus serving a vital role in rice chloroplast development.
基金partly funded by the project of technology innovation ability from Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (Grant Nos. KJCX20200401, KJCX20200205 and KJCX20200113)the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31972401)
文摘In this study,we used the modified CRISPR/Cas9 system to produce targeted point mutations in cauliflower.Acetolactate synthase(ALS)and Centromere-specific histone H3 variant(CENH3)genes were selected as the base-editing targets and hypocotyls of cauliflower were used as explants.For ALS gene,a C-to-T conversion in the Pro182 codon(CCT)can alter the encoded amino acid,likely resulting in herbicide resistance,and a C-to-T mutation in the Leu133 codon(CTT)in the CENH3 gene may produce a haploid inducer.Results indicated that the transformation efficiency was 1.8%–4.5%and the mutation efficiencies for the ALS and CENH3 genes were approximately 22%and 87%,respectively.The ALS mutant cauliflower showed strong herbicide resistance,with possible immediate implications for broadleaf weed control in cauliflower fields.
基金supported by the Nano&Material Technology Development Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by Ministry of Science and ICT(No.2022M3H4A1A04096380)and(No.2022M3H4A3A01082883)。
文摘Long-term societal prosperity depends on addressing the world’s energy and environmental problems,and photocatalysis has emerged as a viable remedy.Improving the efficiency of photocatalytic processes is fundamentally achieved by optimizing the effective utilization of solar energy and enhancing the efficient separation of photogenerated charges.It has been demonstrated that the fabrication ofⅢ–Ⅴsemiconductor-based photocatalysts is effective in increasing solar light absorption,long-term stability,large-scale production and promoting charge transfer.This focused review explores on the current developments inⅢ–Ⅴsemiconductor materials for solar-powered photocatalytic systems.The review explores on various subjects,including the advancement ofⅢ–Ⅴsemiconductors,photocatalytic mechanisms,and their uses in H2 conversion,CO_(2)reduction,environmental remediation,and photocatalytic oxidation and reduction reactions.In order to design heterostructures,the review delves into basic concepts including solar light absorption and effective charge separation.It also highlights significant advancements in green energy systems for water splitting,emphasizing the significance of establishing eco-friendly systems for CO_(2)reduction and hydrogen production.The main purpose is to produce hydrogen through sustainable and ecologically friendly energy conversion.The review intends to foster the development of greener and more sustainable energy source by encouraging researchers and developers to focus on practical applications and advancements in solar-powered photocatalysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21701083 and 22179054).
文摘Solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)have attracted a great deal of interest because they have the highest efficiency without using any noble metal as catalysts among all the fuel cell technologies.However,traditional SOFCs suffer from having a higher volume,current leakage,complex connections,and difficulty in gas sealing.To solve these problems,Rolls-Royce has fabricated a simple design by stacking cells in series on an insulating porous support,resulting in the tubular segmented-in-series solid oxide fuel cells(SIS-SOFCs),which achieved higher output voltage.This work systematically reviews recent advances in the structures,preparation methods,perform-ances,and stability of tubular SIS-SOFCs in experimental and numerical studies.Finally,the challenges and future development of tubular SIS-SOFCs are also discussed.The findings of this work can help guide the direction and inspire innovation of future development in this field.
基金supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LZ20B060001)National Natural Science Foundation of China (22008208&21908192)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2019TQ0276)。
文摘Enhancing the water permeation while maintaining high salt rejection of existing reverse osmosis(RO)membranes remains a considerable challenge.Herein,we proposed to introduce polymer of intrinsic microporosity,PIM-1,into the selective layer of reverse osmosis membranes to break the trade-off effect between permeability and selectivity.A water-soluble a-LPIM-1 of low-molecular-weight and hydroxyl terminals was synthesized.These designed characteristics endowed it with high solubility and reactivity.Then it was mixed with m-phenylenediamine and together served as aqueous monomer to react with organic monomer of trimesoyl chloride via interfacial polymerization.The characterization results exhibited that more“nodule”rather than“leaf”structure formed on RO membrane surface,which indicated that the introduction of the high free-volume of a-LPIM-1 with three dimensional twisted and folded structure into the selective layer effectively caused the frustrated packing between polymer chains.In virtue of this effect,even with reduced surface roughness and unchanged layer thickness,the water permeability of prepared reverse osmosis membranes increased 2.1 times to 62.8 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1) with acceptable Na Cl rejection of 97.6%.This attempt developed a new strategy to break the trade-off effect faced by traditional polyamide reverse osmosis membranes.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2019YFA0705900) funded by MOSTthe National Natural Science Foundation of China (61875072)+4 种基金the Special Project of the Province-University Co-constructing Program of Jilin Province (SXGJXX2017-3)the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents (BX20190135)Scientific Research Planning Project of Education Department of Jilin Province (JJKH20200980KJ)Industrial Technology Research and Development Project of Jilin Province (2020C026-5)the International Cooperation and Exchange Project of Jilin Province (20170414002GH, 20180414001GH) for the support to this work。
文摘Due to the compromise between exciton diffusion length and light absorption, the active layer thickness of organic solar cells(OSCs) is limited. As we all know, embedding metal nanostructures into OSCs can improve the performance of OSCs by triggering surface plasma resonance, scattering, and other effect without increasing the physical thickness of light trapping layer. Besides, the plasma response and other roles will distinguish when metal nanostructures are embedded into different position of OSCs, which are equally important to the performance of OSCs. In this paper, the enhancement mechanisms of various metal nanostructures in different layers of OSCs are summarized from the electricity and optics aspects.This review also further highlights the progress of plasma effect and their working mechanism in OSCs,and it is expected to provide more perspective of plasma effect for performance enhancement of OSCs.
基金supported by the Research and application of Power Business Data Security and Trusted Collaborative Sharing Technology Based on Blockchain and Multi-Party Security Computing(J2022057).
文摘Load forecasting is a crucial aspect of intelligent Virtual Power Plant(VPP)management and ameans of balancing the relationship between distributed power grids and traditional power grids.However,due to the continuous emergence of power consumption peaks,the power supply quality of the power grid cannot be guaranteed.Therefore,an intelligent calculation method is required to effectively predict the load,enabling better power grid dispatching and ensuring the stable operation of the power grid.This paper proposes a decentralized heterogeneous federated distillation learning algorithm(DHFDL)to promote trusted federated learning(FL)between different federates in the blockchain.The algorithm comprises two stages:common knowledge accumulation and personalized training.In the first stage,each federate on the blockchain is treated as ameta-distribution.After aggregating the knowledge of each federate circularly,the model is uploaded to the blockchain.In the second stage,other federates on the blockchain download the trained model for personalized training,both of which are based on knowledge distillation.Experimental results demonstrate that the DHFDL algorithmproposed in this paper can resist a higher proportion of malicious code compared to FedAvg and a Blockchain-based Federated Learning framework with Committee consensus(BFLC).Additionally,by combining asynchronous consensus with the FL model training process,the DHFDL training time is the shortest,and the training efficiency of decentralized FL is improved.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11304381 and 11374244)the Research Funds of Renmin University of China(Grant No.17XNLF02)+1 种基金the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China(Grant No.201443)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(Grant No.2015J06016)
文摘Spin injection, spin diffusion, and spin detection are investigated in Co/Ag/Co lateral spin valves at room temperature.Clear spin accumulation signals are detected by the non-local measurement. By fitting the results to the one-dimensional diffusion equation,8.6% spin polarization of the Co/Ag interface and -180 nm spin diffusion length in Ag are obtained.Thermal treatment results show that the spin accumulation signal drastically decreases after 100℃ annealing, and disappears under 200℃ annealing. Our results demonstrate that, compared to the spin diffusion length, the decrease and the disappearance of the spin accumulation signal are mainly dominated by the variation of the interfacial spin polarization of the Co/Ag interface.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12271325)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(Grant No.2020JM-294).
文摘We discuss freezing of quantum imaginarity based onℓ_(1)-norm.Several properties about a quantity of imaginarity based onℓ_(1)-norm are revealed.For a qubit(2-dimensional)system,we characterize the structure of real quantum operations that allow for freezing the quantity of imaginarity of any state.Furthermore,we characterize the structure of local real operations which can freeze the quantity of imaginarity of a class of N-qubit quantum states.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51872328, 12134020, and 12104503)the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFA0300504)+4 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the Research Funds of Renmin University of China (Grant Nos. 21XNLG18 and 18XNLG24)supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2020M680797)supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFE0202600)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. Z200005)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the Research Funds of Renmin University of China (Grant Nos. 18XNLG14, 19XNLG13, and 19XNLG17)
文摘We performed high-pressure transport studies on the flat-band Kagome compounds,Pd_(3)P_(2)(S_(1−x)Se_(x))_(8)(x=0,0.25),with a diamond anvil cell.For both compounds,the resistivity exhibits an insulating behavior with pressure up to 17GPa.With pressure above 20GPa,a metallic behavior is observed at high temperatures in Pd_(3)P_(2)S_(8),and superconductivity emerges at low temperatures.The onset temperature of superconducting transition T_(C) rises monotonically from 2K to 4.8K and does not saturate with pressure up to 43GPa.For the Se-doped compound Pd_(3)P_(2)(S_(0.75)Se_(0.25))_(8),the T_(C) is about 1.5K higher than that of the undoped one over the whole pressure range,and reaches 6.4K at 43GPa.The upper critical field with field applied along the c axis at typical pressures is about 50%of the Pauli limit,suggesting a 3D superconductivity.The Hall coefficient in the metallic phase is low and exhibits a peaked behavior at about 30 K,which suggests either a multi-band electronic structure or an electron correlation effect in the system.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(11905162,12035008,12075097,12075123,12090060,12090064,12105248,12135006,12175039,12205227,12205312,12205387,12205171,12235008,12321005,12235001,12305094,12305115,12335005,12375091,12375094,12375096,11975129,12375194,12447167,12475094,12475101,12475106,12475111,12425506,12375101,12405119,12405101,12505121,12135007,12175218,12075213,12335005,12175243,12533001,12125503,12305103,12505120,12575099,12505122,12342502,12575106,12147214,W2432006,W2441004)the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFA1610603)+22 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M732255,2025M773403,GZC20231613)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20210201)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan(Distinguished Young Scholars of Henan Province)(242300421046)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2025ZNSFSC0880)the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(2020B0301030008)the Department of Science and Technology of Shandong province(tsqn202312052,2024HWYQ-005)the Startup Research Fund of Henan Academy of Sciences(20251820001)the Excellent Young Talents Program of Wuhan University of Technology(40122102)the research program of the Wuhan University of Technology(3120625397,2020IB024)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JZ2023HGTB0222,WUT:2022IVA052)the Excellent Scholar Project of Southeast University(Class A)the Big Data Computing Center of Southeast University,National Science and Technology Council,the Ministry of Education(Higher Education Sprout Project NTU-114L104022-1)the Center for Theoretical Sciences of Taiwan,and Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development(NAFOSTED)(103.01-2023.50)the Research Office of the University of the Witwatersrand and South African Department of Science and Innovation through the SA-CERN programthe self-determined research funds of Central China Normal University from the colleges'basic research and operation of MOE(CCNU24AI003)SJTU Double First Class start-up fund(WF220442604)the Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi(2021KJXX-47)the Slovenian Research Agency under the research core funding No.P1-0035,the research grants J1-3013,N1-0253,CONICET,ANPCyT under project(PICT-2021-00374)Higher Education Sprout Project(NTU-114L104022-1)KIAS Individual Grants(PG086002)at the Korea Institute for Advanced Study,FAPESP(2021/09547-9)the Slovenian Research Agency under the research core funding(P1-0035)research grants J1-3013,N1-0253the bilateral project Proteus PR-12696/Projet 50194VC。
文摘I.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY next-generation,high-intensity electron-positron collider"Higgs factory",such as the Circular Electron-Positron Collider(CEPC),is among the highest priorities for the global high-energy collider physics community.The CEPC can provide unprecedented opportunities for making fundamental discoveries and providing decisive insights in the quest for a"New Standard Model(SM)"of nature's fundamental interactions.The CEPC could:·Identify the origin of matter,especially the mechanism related to the first-order phase transition in the early Universe,which could produce a detectable gravitational wave signal.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China 2022YFA1302900(B.W.and S.H.)National Natural Science Foundation of China grants 82121005(B.W.)and 32401012(M.H.)+4 种基金CAS Strategic Priority Research Program XDB37030100(B.W.and Q.Z.)Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research-Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai Branch JCYJSHFY-2021-008(B.W.)Shanghai Science and Technology Development Foundation grant 22QA1412000(Y.Z.)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China LQ24C050004(M.H.)Research Funds from Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 2024HIAS-Y011(M.H.).
文摘Dear Editor,Chemerin functions as both an adipocytokine and a chemotactic factor and plays key roles in adipogenesis and inflammation(Bozaoglu et al.,2007;Bondue et al.,2011).The chemerin receptors chemokine-like receptor 1(CMKLR1)and G protein-coupled receptor 1(GPR1),play crucial roles in regulating obesity,inflammation,and cancer,highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets(Bozaoglu et al.,2007;Ernst and Sinal,2010;Su et al.,2021).Although both receptors recognize the same ligand,chemerin,and share high sequence identity,they exhibit distinct signaling properties and biological functions(Bozaoglu et al.,2007;De Henau et al.,2016;Fischer et al.,2021).CMKLR1 is the canonical chemerin receptor that mediates both G protein and arrestin signaling,while GPR1 exhibits weak G protein signaling but strong arrestin-dependent and-independent internalization(De Henau et al.,2016;Fig.1A and 1B).The chemerin-CMKLR1 axis regulates lipid and glucose metabolism(Kennedy and Davenport,2018),and is associated with chronic inflammation,obesity,and obesity-related disorders such as insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome,with several compounds and antibodies under preclinical or early clinical investigation(Goralski et al.,2007;Kennedy et al.,2016;Trilleaud et al.,2021).In contrast,the mechanisms of atypical signaling and biological function of GPR1 remain unclear.
基金supported in part by Poland Fundacja SiepomagaJS Foundation (Hong Kong)+1 种基金Shenzhen Li Weibo Charity FoundationTaiwan Rare Disease Foundation。
文摘Metachromatic leukodystrophy(MLD)is an inherited disease caused by a deficiency of the enzyme arylsulfatase A(ARSA).Lentivirus-modified autologous hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy(HSCGT)has recently been approved for clinical use in pre and early symptomatic children with MLD to increase ARSA activity.Unfortunately,this advanced therapy is not available for most patients with MLD who have progressed to more advanced symptomatic stages at diagnosis.Patients with late-onset juvenile MLD typically present with a slower neurological progression of symptoms and represent a significant burden to the economy and healthcare system,whereas those with early onset infantile MLD die within a few years of symptom onset.We conducted a pilot study to determine the safety and benefit of HSCGT in patients with postsymptomatic juvenile MLD and report preliminary results.The safety profile of HSCGT was favorable in this long-term follow-up over 9 years.The most common adverse events(AEs)within 2 months of HSCGT were related to busulfan conditioning,and all AEs resolved.No HSCGT-related AEs and no evidence of distorted hematopoietic differentiation during long-term follow-up for up to 9.6 years.Importantly,to date,patients have maintained remarkably improved ARSA activity with a stable disease state,including increased Functional Independence Measure(FIM)score and decreased magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)lesion score.This long-term follow-up pilot study suggests that HSCGT is safe and provides clinical benefit to patients with postsymptomatic juvenile MLD.
基金supported by Southern Medical University,Chinasupported by Fred Eshelman Distinguished Professorship。
文摘Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)is a type of RNA over 200 nt long without any protein coding ability,which has been investigated relating to crucial biological function in cells.There are many key lncRNAs in tumor/normal cells that serve as a biological marker or a new target for tumor treatment.However,compared to some small non-coding RNA,lncRNA-based drugs are limited in clinical application.Different from other non-coding RNA,like microRNAs,most lncRNAs have a high molecular weight and conserved secondary structure,making the delivery of lncRNAs more complex than the small non-coding RNAs.Considering that lncRNAs constitute the most abundant part of the mammalian genome,it is critical to further explore lncRNA delivery and the subsequent functional studies for potential clinical application.In this review,we will discuss the function and mechanism of lncRNAs in diseases,especially cancer,and different approaches for lncRNA transfection using multiple biomaterials.
基金the National Science Foundation of China grants(31825010 and 82121005)National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0507000)+1 种基金CAS Strategic Priority Research Program(XDB37030100)Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research-Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai Branch(JCYJ-SHFY-2021-008).
文摘Dear Editor,The purinergic receptors(P2YRs)are involved in a variety of physiological processes,including proliferation,chemotaxis,cancer metastasis,cardiovascular events,neurodegenerative diseases and aging(Weisman et al.,2012).Thus far,eight human P2YRs have been characterized and are classified into two subfamilies based on their sequence homology and signal transduction mechanisms,including P2Y1 R-like receptors that signal preferentially through Gq/11 proteins and P2Y12R-like receptors that activate Gi/o proteins(Abbracchio et al.,2006).
