AIM:To systematically summarize the efficacy and safety of flavonoids in the treatment of dry eye disease(DED),and review their mechanisms of action,and provide a scientific foundation for clinical translation.METHODS...AIM:To systematically summarize the efficacy and safety of flavonoids in the treatment of dry eye disease(DED),and review their mechanisms of action,and provide a scientific foundation for clinical translation.METHODS:To retrieve papers published from the establishment of the database through May 12,2025,eight databases were searched:the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),the China Biomedical Literature Database(CBM),the Wanfang Database,the China Science,Technology Journal Database,PubMed,the Cochrane Library,Embase,and the Web of Science.Two independent researchers conducted the literature selection and information extraction processes,utilizing the SYRCLE tool to assess the risk of bias.The results of eligible studies were subjected to narrative analysis.RESULTS:A total of 11 animal studies were included in this review,encompassing research conducted in China,the United States,Republic of Korea,and Japan.These studies involved six flavonoid-rich substances,such as Buddleja officinalis and purple corn extract(PCE),as well as four individual flavonoids including quercetin and daidzin,etc.The findings indicated that flavonoids have the potential to enhance tear secretion.Following interventions with quercetin eye drops and PCE administered at varying doses and time intervals,a significant increase in tear secretion was observed,which approached normal levels.Additionally,these interventions demonstrated a capacity to mitigate damage to the corneal epithelium.For instance,maqui berry extract(MBE)were found to improve corneal fluorescein staining scores while reducing damage to the corneal surface.Flavonoids significantly alleviate dry eye symptoms in animal models by enhancing tear secretion and mitigating corneal epithelial damage.The observed efficacy is attributed to a range of mechanisms,including anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,hormonal regulation,and anti-apoptotic effects.CONCLUSION:The consistent therapeutic outcomes noted in both mouse and rat models further underscore the translational potential of these compounds.Consequently,flavonoids are regarded as highly promising natural agents for ocular health.However,additional pharmacokinetic studies and clinical trials are necessary to confirm their efficacy and safety in human subjects with dry eye syndrome.展开更多
RNA helicases participate in nearly all aspects of RNA metabolism by rearranging RNAs or RNA–protein complexes in an adenosine triphosphatedependent manner.Due to the large RNA helicase families in plants,the precise...RNA helicases participate in nearly all aspects of RNA metabolism by rearranging RNAs or RNA–protein complexes in an adenosine triphosphatedependent manner.Due to the large RNA helicase families in plants,the precise roles of many RNA helicases in plant physiology and development remain to be clarified.Here,we show that mutations in maize(Zea mays)DEAD-box RNA helicase48(Zm RH48)impair the splicing of mitochondrial introns,mitochondrial complex biosynthesis,and seed development.Loss of Zm RH48 function severely arrested embryogenesis and endosperm development,leading to defective kernel formation.Zm RH48 is targeted to mitochondria,where its deficiency dramatically reduced the splicing efficiency of five cis-introns(nad5 intron 1;nad7 introns 1,2,and 3;and ccm Fc intron 1)and one trans-intron(nad2 intron 2),leading to lower levels of mitochondrial complexes I andⅢ.Zm RH48 interacts with two unique pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR)proteins,PPR-SMR1 and SPR2,which are required for the splicing of over half of all mitochondrial introns.PPR-SMR1 interacts with SPR2,and both proteins interact with P-type PPR proteins and Zm-m CSF1 to facilitate intron splicing.These results suggest that Zm RH48 is likely a component of a splicing complex and is critical for mitochondrial complex biosynthesis and seed development.展开更多
Stability under light is critical for lead sulfide quantum dots(PbS QDs)in solar cell applications.To improve the stability of PbS QDs solar cells,the influence of the light illumination on the performance of the as-p...Stability under light is critical for lead sulfide quantum dots(PbS QDs)in solar cell applications.To improve the stability of PbS QDs solar cells,the influence of the light illumination on the performance of the as-prepared PbS QDs solar cells was carefully investigated.Combined with X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopies,it was revealed that the 1,2-ethanedithiol(EDT)ligands of the hole transport p-type PbS QDs reacted with the ligands of the PbS QDs active layer under light illumination.The reaction not only undermines the n-type characteristics of the active layer,but also increases the number of defects,leading to a serious deterioration in device performance.An interface layer was introduced to block the EDT penetration to avoid this issue,significantly improving the stability of the device under light irradiation.Moreover,the separation of carriers was also enhanced due to the better matching the energy level of the interface layer.The device with an interface layer yielded a power conversion efficiency of 12.55%and sustained to a long time light illumination.展开更多
Lanxangia tsaoko is widely utilized in human cuisine as a popular flavoring agent due to its distinctive aroma.It also has a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine.The edible and medicinal properties of L...Lanxangia tsaoko is widely utilized in human cuisine as a popular flavoring agent due to its distinctive aroma.It also has a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine.The edible and medicinal properties of L.tsaoko are primarily attributed to its diverse array of volatile metabolites.Previous research has mainly focused on classifying the constituents and their pharmacological activities in L.tsaoko,leaving gaps in comprehensive identification and elucidation of the biosynthetic mechanisms of these metabolites.In this study,we employed a multi-omics approach and functional characterization to investigate the biosynthesis of volatile terpenoids in L.tsaoko.The results demonstrated that terpenoids constituted the highest proportion of volatile compounds in L.tsaoko.Additionally,42 terpene synthase(TPS)coding genes were identified through genome-wide analysis.Functional characterization revealed that eight LtTPSs effectively catalyzed geranyl pyrophosphate to produce monoterpenoids,while four LtTPSs converted farnesyl pyrophosphate to generate sesquiterpenoids.Genome-wide and single-gene duplication events contributed to functional diversification among LtTPSs with high identity,promoting the diversity of terpenoids.These findings provide a foundation for understanding the biosynthesis of volatile terpenoids in L.tsaoko,enhance the current knowledge of TPS,and contribute to the broader understanding of the biochemical diversity of terpenoids in plants.展开更多
With the advantages of low cost and easy deployment,ambient backscatter has attracted significant attention in the Internet of things(IoT)community and experienced rapid growth over the past decade.As the number of de...With the advantages of low cost and easy deployment,ambient backscatter has attracted significant attention in the Internet of things(IoT)community and experienced rapid growth over the past decade.As the number of deployed backscatter devices increases,enabling concurrent transmission among multiple tags has become critical for achieving high throughput and large-scale network coverage.To this end,this article presents a comprehensive survey of concurrent transmission techniques.To provide a structured overview,we categorize existing studies on backscatter concurrency into five implementation-oriented domains,including time,frequency,spatial,code,and energy,according to their technical characteristics.For each domain,we comprehensively review representative works,emphasizing their underlying principles and key designs.Furthermore,we investigate the growing trend of multi-domain integration,demonstrating how cross-layer synergies enhance performance and facilitate system evolution.Finally,we outline open challenges and future research directions for concurrent backscatter communication.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51275450)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2013FZA4004)the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51521064)
基金Supported by Shanxi Bethune Hospital Nursing Research Fund Project Assignment(No.2024YH21)Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine’s 2025 Graduate Research,Practice and Innovation Project(No.X2025SJ038).
文摘AIM:To systematically summarize the efficacy and safety of flavonoids in the treatment of dry eye disease(DED),and review their mechanisms of action,and provide a scientific foundation for clinical translation.METHODS:To retrieve papers published from the establishment of the database through May 12,2025,eight databases were searched:the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),the China Biomedical Literature Database(CBM),the Wanfang Database,the China Science,Technology Journal Database,PubMed,the Cochrane Library,Embase,and the Web of Science.Two independent researchers conducted the literature selection and information extraction processes,utilizing the SYRCLE tool to assess the risk of bias.The results of eligible studies were subjected to narrative analysis.RESULTS:A total of 11 animal studies were included in this review,encompassing research conducted in China,the United States,Republic of Korea,and Japan.These studies involved six flavonoid-rich substances,such as Buddleja officinalis and purple corn extract(PCE),as well as four individual flavonoids including quercetin and daidzin,etc.The findings indicated that flavonoids have the potential to enhance tear secretion.Following interventions with quercetin eye drops and PCE administered at varying doses and time intervals,a significant increase in tear secretion was observed,which approached normal levels.Additionally,these interventions demonstrated a capacity to mitigate damage to the corneal epithelium.For instance,maqui berry extract(MBE)were found to improve corneal fluorescein staining scores while reducing damage to the corneal surface.Flavonoids significantly alleviate dry eye symptoms in animal models by enhancing tear secretion and mitigating corneal epithelial damage.The observed efficacy is attributed to a range of mechanisms,including anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,hormonal regulation,and anti-apoptotic effects.CONCLUSION:The consistent therapeutic outcomes noted in both mouse and rat models further underscore the translational potential of these compounds.Consequently,flavonoids are regarded as highly promising natural agents for ocular health.However,additional pharmacokinetic studies and clinical trials are necessary to confirm their efficacy and safety in human subjects with dry eye syndrome.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project Nos.32072126 and 32230075)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (Project No.ZR2019MC005)。
文摘RNA helicases participate in nearly all aspects of RNA metabolism by rearranging RNAs or RNA–protein complexes in an adenosine triphosphatedependent manner.Due to the large RNA helicase families in plants,the precise roles of many RNA helicases in plant physiology and development remain to be clarified.Here,we show that mutations in maize(Zea mays)DEAD-box RNA helicase48(Zm RH48)impair the splicing of mitochondrial introns,mitochondrial complex biosynthesis,and seed development.Loss of Zm RH48 function severely arrested embryogenesis and endosperm development,leading to defective kernel formation.Zm RH48 is targeted to mitochondria,where its deficiency dramatically reduced the splicing efficiency of five cis-introns(nad5 intron 1;nad7 introns 1,2,and 3;and ccm Fc intron 1)and one trans-intron(nad2 intron 2),leading to lower levels of mitochondrial complexes I andⅢ.Zm RH48 interacts with two unique pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR)proteins,PPR-SMR1 and SPR2,which are required for the splicing of over half of all mitochondrial introns.PPR-SMR1 interacts with SPR2,and both proteins interact with P-type PPR proteins and Zm-m CSF1 to facilitate intron splicing.These results suggest that Zm RH48 is likely a component of a splicing complex and is critical for mitochondrial complex biosynthesis and seed development.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3602902)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LR21F050001)+5 种基金YONGJIANG Talent Introduction Program(No.2021A-038-B)Ningbo 3315 Program(No.2020A01-B)Zhejiang Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team(No.2021R01003)Science and Technology Innovation 2025 Major Project of Ningbo(No.2022Z085)supported by the Flexible Electronics Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory fund project(No.2022FE002)and the Key projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62234004)dedicated in memory of Dr.Lei Qian,who was a great mentor,colleague,and friend.He made many significant scientific contributions during his highly productive career and will be remembered.
文摘Stability under light is critical for lead sulfide quantum dots(PbS QDs)in solar cell applications.To improve the stability of PbS QDs solar cells,the influence of the light illumination on the performance of the as-prepared PbS QDs solar cells was carefully investigated.Combined with X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopies,it was revealed that the 1,2-ethanedithiol(EDT)ligands of the hole transport p-type PbS QDs reacted with the ligands of the PbS QDs active layer under light illumination.The reaction not only undermines the n-type characteristics of the active layer,but also increases the number of defects,leading to a serious deterioration in device performance.An interface layer was introduced to block the EDT penetration to avoid this issue,significantly improving the stability of the device under light irradiation.Moreover,the separation of carriers was also enhanced due to the better matching the energy level of the interface layer.The device with an interface layer yielded a power conversion efficiency of 12.55%and sustained to a long time light illumination.
基金funded by the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CI2023E002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(ZZ16-YQ-047).
文摘Lanxangia tsaoko is widely utilized in human cuisine as a popular flavoring agent due to its distinctive aroma.It also has a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine.The edible and medicinal properties of L.tsaoko are primarily attributed to its diverse array of volatile metabolites.Previous research has mainly focused on classifying the constituents and their pharmacological activities in L.tsaoko,leaving gaps in comprehensive identification and elucidation of the biosynthetic mechanisms of these metabolites.In this study,we employed a multi-omics approach and functional characterization to investigate the biosynthesis of volatile terpenoids in L.tsaoko.The results demonstrated that terpenoids constituted the highest proportion of volatile compounds in L.tsaoko.Additionally,42 terpene synthase(TPS)coding genes were identified through genome-wide analysis.Functional characterization revealed that eight LtTPSs effectively catalyzed geranyl pyrophosphate to produce monoterpenoids,while four LtTPSs converted farnesyl pyrophosphate to generate sesquiterpenoids.Genome-wide and single-gene duplication events contributed to functional diversification among LtTPSs with high identity,promoting the diversity of terpenoids.These findings provide a foundation for understanding the biosynthesis of volatile terpenoids in L.tsaoko,enhance the current knowledge of TPS,and contribute to the broader understanding of the biochemical diversity of terpenoids in plants.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 62522214 and 62471194the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province under Grant 2025BAB023in part by the RGC under Grants AoE/E-601/22-R and SRFS2425-6S05。
文摘With the advantages of low cost and easy deployment,ambient backscatter has attracted significant attention in the Internet of things(IoT)community and experienced rapid growth over the past decade.As the number of deployed backscatter devices increases,enabling concurrent transmission among multiple tags has become critical for achieving high throughput and large-scale network coverage.To this end,this article presents a comprehensive survey of concurrent transmission techniques.To provide a structured overview,we categorize existing studies on backscatter concurrency into five implementation-oriented domains,including time,frequency,spatial,code,and energy,according to their technical characteristics.For each domain,we comprehensively review representative works,emphasizing their underlying principles and key designs.Furthermore,we investigate the growing trend of multi-domain integration,demonstrating how cross-layer synergies enhance performance and facilitate system evolution.Finally,we outline open challenges and future research directions for concurrent backscatter communication.
