Long-afterglow photocatalytic technology offers promising potential fo r all-weather pollutant treatment,yet its efficiency is often constrained by competition between afterglow emission and photocatalytic reactions.T...Long-afterglow photocatalytic technology offers promising potential fo r all-weather pollutant treatment,yet its efficiency is often constrained by competition between afterglow emission and photocatalytic reactions.To address this,we developed a Pr^(3+)-doped Ca_(2)Al_(2)SiO_(7)(CASO)photocatalyst enriched with oxygen vacancies(V_(O)).The introduction of oxygen vacancies significantly increases trap concentration,enhancing both the intensity and du ration of the afterglow emission.A persulfate-assisted photo-Fenton system was designed based on V_(O)-CASO:Pr^(3+)enabling the self-activated degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride(TC)under ultraviolet afterglow.The photo-Fenton reaction consumes excess holes accumulated during the afterglow process,improving carrier utilization efficiency and mitigating rapid recombination.Additionally,persulfate addition can enrich reactive species and facilitate the Fe^(2+)/Fe^(3+)cycle.Benefiting from these synergistic effects,V_(O)-CASO:Pr^(3+)has achieved 75%TC degradation within1 h,significantly outperforming traditional systems.This study provides a new strategy for enhancing long-afterglow photocatalytic performance,paving the way for sustainable pollutant degradation technologies.展开更多
The catalyst's structural dynamics under reaction conditions critically determine their performance.We proved this indication by studying Ni nanoparticles supported on Mo_(2)CT_(x) MXene,where the average size dur...The catalyst's structural dynamics under reaction conditions critically determine their performance.We proved this indication by studying Ni nanoparticles supported on Mo_(2)CT_(x) MXene,where the average size during CO_(2) hydrogenation changed from 12.9 to 3.1 nm.A parallel increase of CO selectivity from 21.1%to 92.6%at 400℃ was observed,while the CO_(2) conversion rate remained at about 84.0 mmol·g_(cat)^(-1)·h^(-1).This transformation involved partial removal of Mo_(2)CT_(x) terminal groups,allowing direct interaction between Ni and Mo atoms instead of indirect coupling through-O terminations.The shift from a Ni-O-Mo to a Ni-Mo interaction enhanced electron transfer from Ni to Mo_(2)CT_(x),strengthening the metal-support interaction and driving Ni nanoparticle dispersion.In-situ mechanistic analysis and kinetic isotope studies revealed that Ni dispersion suppresses the formate and carboxyl pathway,promotes direct CO_(2) dissociation,and inhibits CO hydrogenation,shifting the primary product from CH_(4) to CO.These findings provide a strategy for designing highly selective and stable MXene-based catalysts through engineered metal-support interactions.展开更多
Fast Radio Bursts(FRBs) are enigmatic millisecond-duration radio transients of extra-galactic origin, whose underlying mechanisms and progenitors remain poorly understood. FRBs are broadly classified into two categori...Fast Radio Bursts(FRBs) are enigmatic millisecond-duration radio transients of extra-galactic origin, whose underlying mechanisms and progenitors remain poorly understood. FRBs are broadly classified into two categories: repeating FRBs, which emit multiple bursts over time, and one-off FRBs, which are detected as single events. A central question in FRB research is whether these two classes share a common origin. In this study, we present observations of FRB 20240114A, a repeating FRB that entered a hyperactive phase in 2024 January. We conducted a 318 hr monitoring campaign using the Kunming 40-Meter Radio Telescope(KM40M) in the S-band(2.187–2.311 GHz), during which we detected eight radio bursts. We analyzed their properties, including dispersion measure, bandwidth, pulse width, flux, fluence, and energy. Additionally, we searched for counterparts in overlapping data from the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope(FAST) in the L-band(1.0–1.5 GHz). While no bursts were temporally aligned between the two telescopes, we identified one FAST burst that arrived approximately 6 ms after one of the KM40M bursts. The absence of FAST counterparts for the KM40M bursts suggests that individual bursts from FRB 20240114A are likely narrow-band, with fractional bandwidths less than 10%. By comparing the cumulative event rates from KM40M and FAST observations, we found that the two measurements are compatible, indicating a possible flattening of the event rate at higher energies. This feature aligns with observations of one-off FRBs, supporting the hypothesis that repeating and oneoff FRBs may share a common origin.展开更多
Grapevine is one of the most economically important crops worldwide.However,the previous versions of the grapevine reference genome tipically consist of thousands of fragments with missing centromeres and telomeres,li...Grapevine is one of the most economically important crops worldwide.However,the previous versions of the grapevine reference genome tipically consist of thousands of fragments with missing centromeres and telomeres,limiting the accessibility of the repetitive sequences,the centromeric and telomeric regions,and the study of inheritance of important agronomic traits in these regions.Here,we assembled a telomere-to-telomere(T2T)gap-free reference genome for the cultivar PN40024 using PacBio HiFi long reads.The T2T reference genome(PN_T2T)is 69 Mb longer with 9018 more genes identified than the 12X.v0 version.We annotated 67%repetitive sequences,19 centromeres and 36 telomeres,and incorporated gene annotations of previous versions into the PN_T2T assembly.We detected a total of 377 gene clusters,which showed associations with complex traits,such as aroma and disease resistance.Even though PN40024 derives from nine generations of selfing,we still found nine genomic hotspots of heterozygous sites associated with biological processes,such as the oxidation–reduction process and protein phosphorylation.The fully annotated complete reference genome therefore constitutes an important resource for grapevine genetic studies and breeding programs.展开更多
Kiwifruit is an economically and nutritionally important fruit crop with extremely high contents of vitamin C.However,the previously released versions of kiwifruit genomes all have a mass of unanchored or missing regi...Kiwifruit is an economically and nutritionally important fruit crop with extremely high contents of vitamin C.However,the previously released versions of kiwifruit genomes all have a mass of unanchored or missing regions.Here,we report a highly continuous and completely gap-free reference genome of Actinidia chinensis cv.‘Hongyang’,named Hongyang v4.0,which is the first to achieve two de novo haploid-resolved haplotypes,HY4P and HY4A.HY4P and HY4A have a total length of 606.1 and 599.6 Mb,respectively,with almost the entire telomeres and centromeres assembled in each haplotype.In comparison with Hongyang v3.0,the integrity and contiguity of Hongyang v4.0 is markedly improved by filling all unclosed gaps and correcting some misoriented regions,resulting in∼38.6–39.5 Mb extra sequences,which might affect 4263 and 4244 protein-coding genes in HY4P and HY4A,respectively.Furthermore,our gap-free genome assembly provides the first clue for inspecting the structure and function of centromeres.Globally,centromeric regions are characterized by higher-order repeats that mainly consist of a 153-bp conserved centromere-specific monomer(Ach-CEN153)with different copy numbers among chromosomes.Functional enrichment analysis of the genes located within centromeric regions demonstrates that chromosome centromeres may not only play physical roles for linking a pair of sister chromatids,but also have genetic features for participation in the regulation of cell division.The availability of the telomere-to-telomere and gap-free Hongyang v4.0 reference genome lays a solid foundation not only for illustrating genome structure and functional genomics studies but also for facilitating kiwifruit breeding and improvement.展开更多
A high-quality genome is the basis for studies on functional,evolutionary,and comparative genomics.The majority of attention has been paid to the solution of complex chromosome structures and highly repetitive sequenc...A high-quality genome is the basis for studies on functional,evolutionary,and comparative genomics.The majority of attention has been paid to the solution of complex chromosome structures and highly repetitive sequences,along with the emergence of a new‘telomere-to-telomere(T2T)assembly’era.However,the bioinformatic tools for the automatic construction and/or characterization of T2T genome are limited.Here,we developed a user-friendly web toolkit,quarTeT,which currently includes four modules:AssemblyMapper,GapFiller,TeloExplorer,and CentroMiner.First,AssemblyMapper is designed to assemble phased contigs into the chromosome-level genome by referring to a closely related genome.Then,GapFiller would endeavor to fill all unclosed gaps in a given genome with the aid of additional ultra-long sequences.Finally,TeloExplorer and CentroMiner are applied to identify candidate telomere and centromere as well as their localizations on each chromosome.These four modules can be used alone or in combination with each other for T2T genome assembly and characterization.As a case study,by adopting the entire modular functions of quarTeT,we have achieved the Actinidia chinensis genome assembly that is of a quality comparable to the reported genome Hongyang v4.0,which was assembled with the addition of manual handling.Further evaluation of CentroMiner by searching centromeres in Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa genomes showed that quarTeT is capable of identifying all the centromeric regions that have been previously detected by experimental methods.Collectively,quarTeT is an efficient toolkit for studies of large-scale T2T genomes and can be accessed at http://www.atcgn.com:8080/quarTeT/home.html without registration.展开更多
The phase transition of titanium alloys is sensitive to the heat-treatment procedure,accompanied with the latent heat induced by phase transition.However,the latent heat during phase transition of titanium alloy has n...The phase transition of titanium alloys is sensitive to the heat-treatment procedure,accompanied with the latent heat induced by phase transition.However,the latent heat during phase transition of titanium alloy has not been systematically studied,which may result in the gap between designed and actual temperature of the sample and affect the final mechanical properties.In this work,DSC(differential scanning calorimetry)and first-principles simulate methods were used to study theβ→αphase transition process of TB18(Ti–Al-Mo-V-Cr-Nb-Fe system)metastableβtitanium alloy,especially to reveal the influence of the heating rate on latent heat.The ratio of latent heat to endothermic heat of the sample during temperature rising was introduced to interpret the effect of latent heat to actual temperature.The ratio of latent heat to endothermic heat at 1℃/min is about 15 to 20 times higher than that at 10℃/min.The higher ratio indicates that the latent heat of phase transition has a more significant effect on the temperature,which is related to the temperature range of phase transition and theαvolume fraction.Compared with the heating rate of 1℃/min,theβ→αphase transition takes place at higher temperature and the volume fraction ofαis smaller at 10℃/min.Meanwhile,there is a precipitation free zone between grain boundaryαand intragranularαand the distribution ofαlamellae is heterogeneous when the heating rate is 10℃/min.Both of the experimental and theoretical results suggest that the latent heat of phase transition is the main cause of the temperature fluctuation during heat-treatment process.This work has guiding significance for microstructure optimization affected by temperature,to achieve the desired mechanical properties.展开更多
Vigorously developing agricultural circular economy is an effective way to achieve sustainable agricultural development,and a strategic measure to ease the pressure on agricultural resources,protect ecological and cle...Vigorously developing agricultural circular economy is an effective way to achieve sustainable agricultural development,and a strategic measure to ease the pressure on agricultural resources,protect ecological and clean resources,and promote sustainable agricultural and rural economic development. From the theoretical perspective of circular agriculture,this paper builds the evaluation indicator system for circular agriculture,and uses entropy method to carry out the comprehensive evaluation of the development level of agricultural circular economy in Guizhou Province from 2003 to 2012. At the same time,this paper analyzes the obstacles to the development of agricultural circular economy in Guizhou Province in 2012,and sets forth the relevant recommendations based on these limitations,in order to improve the development level of circular agriculture in Guizhou Province.展开更多
The parameters of permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)affect the performance of vector control servo system.Because of the complexity of nonlinear model of PMSM,it is very difficult to identify the parameters of P...The parameters of permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)affect the performance of vector control servo system.Because of the complexity of nonlinear model of PMSM,it is very difficult to identify the parameters of PMSM.Aiming at the problems of large amount of data calculation,low identification accuracy and poor robustness in the process of multi parameter identification of permanent magnet synchronous motor,this paper proposes a weighted differential evolutionary particle swarm optimization algorithm based on double update strategy.By introducing adaptive judgment factor to control the proportion of weighted difference evolution(WDE)algorithm and particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm in each iteration process,and consider using PSO algorithm or WDE algorithm to update individuals according to the probability law.The individuals obtained from WDE operation are used to guide the individual evolution process in PSO operation through the information exchangemechanism.The proposed WDEPSO algorithm can ensure the diversity and effectiveness of the individual evolution of the population.The algorithm is applied to parameter identification of PMSMdrive system.The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has better convergence performance and has strong robustness,parameter identification of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on proposed method does not need to rely on more data sheet on the motor design value,can motor stator resistance identification at the same time,the rotor flux linkage,d/q-axis inductance and electrical parameters,and can effectively track the parameters value.展开更多
Targeting the problem of high real-time requirements in astronomical data processing,this paper proposes a real-time early warning model for light curves based on a Gated Recurrent Unit(GRU)network.Using the memory fu...Targeting the problem of high real-time requirements in astronomical data processing,this paper proposes a real-time early warning model for light curves based on a Gated Recurrent Unit(GRU)network.Using the memory function of the GRU network,a prediction model of the light curve is established,and the model is trained using the collected light curve data,so that the model can predict a star magnitude value for the next moment based on historical star magnitude data.In this paper,we calculate the difference between the model prediction value and the actual observation value and set a threshold.If the difference exceeds the set threshold,the observation value at the next moment is considered to be an abnormal value,and a warning is given.Astronomers can carry out further certification based on the early warning and in combination with other means of observation.The method proposed in this paper can be applied to real-time observations in time domain astronomy.展开更多
Formaldehyde as an air pollutant to adverse health effects for humanity has been getting attention.The adsorption and dissociation of formaldehyde(HCHO)on the CoxCe1−xO_(2)−δ(110)surface were investigated by the dens...Formaldehyde as an air pollutant to adverse health effects for humanity has been getting attention.The adsorption and dissociation of formaldehyde(HCHO)on the CoxCe1−xO_(2)−δ(110)surface were investigated by the density functional theory(DFT)calculations.We calculated the oxygen vacancy formation energy as the function of its site around dopant Co in detail.The results showed that Co doping was accompanied by compensating oxygen hole spontaneous formation.The adsorption configurations and bindings of HCHO at different locations on the CoxCe1−xO_(2)(110)were presented.Four possible pathways of oxidation of formaldehyde on the catalytic surface were explored.The results suggested that formaldehyde dissociation at different adsorption sites on the doped CeO_(2)(110)—first forming dioxymethylene(CH2O_(2))intermediate,and then decomposing into H2O,H2,CO_(2),and CO molecules.It was found that the presence of cobalt and oxygen vacancy significantly prompted the surface activity of CeO_(2).展开更多
Objective Radiation-induced lung injury （RILl） is the most common, dose-limiting complication in thoracic malignancy radiotherapy. Considering its negative impact on patients and restrictions to efficacy, the mechan...Objective Radiation-induced lung injury （RILl） is the most common, dose-limiting complication in thoracic malignancy radiotherapy. Considering its negative impact on patients and restrictions to efficacy, the mechanism of RILl was studied. Methods Wistar rats were locally irradiated with a single dose of 0, 16, and 20 Gy to the right half of the lung to establish a lung injury model. Two and six months after irradiation, the right half of the rat lung tissue was removed, and the concentrations of TGF-[31, angiotensin II, and aldosterone were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Statistical differences were observed in the expression levels of angiotensin II and aldosterone between the non-irradiation and irradiation groups. Moreover, the expression level of the angiotensin II-aldosterone system increased with increasing doses, and the difference was still observed as time progressed. Conclusions Angiotensin II-aldosterone system has an important pathophysiological function in the progression of RILI.展开更多
In this paper, by taking de Sitter space-time as a thermodynamic system, we study the effective thermodynamic quantities of de Sitter black holes in massive gravity, and furthermore obtain the effective thermodynamic ...In this paper, by taking de Sitter space-time as a thermodynamic system, we study the effective thermodynamic quantities of de Sitter black holes in massive gravity, and furthermore obtain the effective thermodynamic quantities of the space-time. Our results show that the entropy of this type of space-time takes the same form as that in Reissner-Nordstr¨om-de Sitter space-time, which lays a solid foundation for deeply understanding the universal thermodynamic characteristics of de Sitter space-time in the future. Moreover, our analysis indicates that the effective thermodynamic quantities and relevant parameters play a very important role in the investigation of the stability and evolution of de Sitter space-time.展开更多
Teinturier grapes are characterized by the typical accumulation of anthocyanins in grape skin,flesh,and vegetative tissues,endowing them with high utility value in red wine blending and nutrient-enriched foods develop...Teinturier grapes are characterized by the typical accumulation of anthocyanins in grape skin,flesh,and vegetative tissues,endowing them with high utility value in red wine blending and nutrient-enriched foods developing.However,due to the lack of genome information,the mechanism involved in regulating teinturier grape coloring has not yet been elucidated and their genetic utilization research is still insufficient.Here,the cultivar‘Yan73’was used for assembling the telomere-to-telomere(T2T)genome of teinturier grapes by combining the High Fidelity(HiFi),Hi-C and ultralong Oxford Nanopore Technologies(ONT)reads.Two haplotype genomes were assembled,at the sizes of 501.68 Mb and 493.38 Mb,respectively.In the haplotype 1 genome,the transposable elements(TEs)contained 32.77%of long terminal repeats(LTRs),while in the haplotype 2 genome,31.53%of LTRs were detected in TEs.Furthermore,obvious inversions were identified in chromosome 18 between the two haplotypes.Transcriptome profiling suggested that the gene expression patterns in‘Cabernet Sauvignon’and‘Yan73’were diverse depending on tissues,developmental stages,and varieties.The transcription program of genes in the anthocyanins biosynthesis pathway between the two cultivars exhibited high similarity in different tissues and developmental stages,whereas the expression levels of numerous genes showed significant differences.Compared with other genes,the expression levels of VvMYBA1 and VvUFGT4 in all samples,VvCHS2 except in young shoots and VvPAL9 except in the E-L23 stage of‘Yan73’were higher than those of‘Cabernet Sauvignon’.Further sequence alignments revealed potential variant gene loci and structure variations of anthocyanins biosynthesis related genes and a 816 bp sequence insertion was found in the promoter of VvMYBA1 of‘Yan73’haplotype 2 genome.The‘Yan73’T2T genome assembly and comparative analysis provided valuable foundations for further revealing the coloring mechanism of teinturier grapes and the genetic improvement of grape coloring traits.展开更多
Although investigating metaphors in advertising is gaining in popularity, there are still certain unresolved arguments, such as the interaction between elements of different modalities. This study,composed of three be...Although investigating metaphors in advertising is gaining in popularity, there are still certain unresolved arguments, such as the interaction between elements of different modalities. This study,composed of three behavioral experiments, aims to identify how verbal anchoring(literal anchoring, metaphor anchoring and unrelated anchoring) influences the processing of pictorial metaphors in advertising, by observing the cognitive and affective indicators, advertising comprehension and advertising likeability. The results showed 1) that metaphors in pictorial modality were recognized more quickly than those in verbal modality, 2) that verbal anchoring facilitated participants ’ comprehending and appreciating of pictorial metaphors and 3) that literally-anchored metaphors with a moderate level of novelty yielded the most favorable cognitive responses. The study not only enriches the existing theoretical framework of multimodal metaphors in advertising, but also proposes an optimal match between pictorial metaphors and verbal elements, for advertisers and manufacturers to design effective multimodal advertisements.展开更多
The alteration in surface color of metallic glasses(MGs)holds great significance in the context of microstructuredesign and commercial utility.It is essential to accurately describe the structures that are formed duri...The alteration in surface color of metallic glasses(MGs)holds great significance in the context of microstructuredesign and commercial utility.It is essential to accurately describe the structures that are formed during the laser and colorseparation processes in order to develop practical laser coloring applications.Due to the high oxidation sensitivity of Labasedmetallic glass,it can broaden the color range but make it more complex.Structure coloring by laser processing on thesurface of La-based metallic glass can be conducted after thermoplastic forming.It is particularly important to clarify therole of structure and composition in the surface coloring process.The aim is to study the relationship between amorphoussurface structural color,surface geometry,and oxide formation by laser processing in metallic glasses.The findings revealedthat the periodic structure primarily determines the surface color at laser energy densities below 1.0 J/mm^(2).In contrast,thesurface color predominantly depends on the proportion of oxides that are formed when energy densities exceed 1.0 J/mm^(2).Consequently,this study provides a novel concept for the fundamental investigation of laser coloring and establishes a newavenue for practical application.展开更多
We propose an accurate test of the distance-duality （DD） relation, η = DL（z）（1 ＋ z）^-2/DA（z） = 1 （where DL and DA are the luminosity distances and angular diameter distances, respectively）, with a combinat...We propose an accurate test of the distance-duality （DD） relation, η = DL（z）（1 ＋ z）^-2/DA（z） = 1 （where DL and DA are the luminosity distances and angular diameter distances, respectively）, with a combination of cosmological observational data of Type Ia Supernovae （SNe Ia） from the Union2 set and the galaxy cluster sample under an assumption of the spherical model. In order to avoid bias brought on by redshift non-coincidence between observational data and to consider redshift error bars of both clusters and SNe Ia in the analysis, we carefully choose the SNe Ia points which have the minimum acceptable redshift difference of the galaxy cluster sample （│△Z│min = σz,SN ＋σz,cluster）. By assuming η to be a constant and defined as functions of the redshift parameterized by six different expressions, we find that there exists no observable evidence for variations in the DD relation based on the collected data, since related statistical tests are well satisfied within the 1σ confidence level for most cases. Further, considering different values of △z as constraints, we also find that the choice of △z may play an important role in this model-independent test of the DD relation for the spherical sample of galaxy clusters.展开更多
In this paper, the axial-flux permanent magnet driver is modeledand analyzed in a simple and novel way under three-dimensional cylindricalcoordinates. The inherent three-dimensional characteristics of the deviceare co...In this paper, the axial-flux permanent magnet driver is modeledand analyzed in a simple and novel way under three-dimensional cylindricalcoordinates. The inherent three-dimensional characteristics of the deviceare comprehensively considered, and the governing equations are solved bysimplifying the boundary conditions. The axial magnetization of the sectorshapedpermanent magnets is accurately described in an algebraic form bythe parameters, which makes the physical meaning more explicit than thepurely mathematical expression in general series forms. The parameters of theBessel function are determined simply and the magnetic field distribution ofpermanent magnets and the air-gap is solved. Furthermore, the field solutionsare completely analytical, which provides convenience and satisfactoryaccuracy for modeling a series of electromagnetic performance parameters,such as the axial electromagnetic force density, axial electromagnetic force,and electromagnetic torque. The correctness and accuracy of the analyticalmodels are fully verified by three-dimensional finite element simulations and a15 kW prototype and the results of calculations, simulations, and experimentsunder three methods are highly consistent. The influence of several designparameters on magnetic field distribution and performance is studied and discussed.The results indicate that the modeling method proposed in this papercan calculate the magnetic field distribution and performance accurately andrapidly, which affords an important reference for the design and optimizationof axial-flux permanent magnet drivers.展开更多
Realistic quantum systems always exhibit gravitational and relativistic features.In this paper,we investigate the properties of Gaussian steering and its asymmetry by the localized two-mode Gaussian quantum states,ins...Realistic quantum systems always exhibit gravitational and relativistic features.In this paper,we investigate the properties of Gaussian steering and its asymmetry by the localized two-mode Gaussian quantum states,instead of the traditional single-mode approximation method in the relativistic setting.We find that the one-side Gaussian quantum steering will monotonically decrease with increasing observers of acceleration.Meanwhile,our results also reveal the interesting behavior of the Gaussian steering asymmetry,which increases for a specific range of accelerated parameter and then gradually approaches to a finite value.Such finding is well consistent and explained by the well-known Unruh effect,which could significantly destroy the one-side Gaussian quantum steering.Finally,our results could also be applied to the dynamical studies of Gaussian steering between the Earth and satellites,since the effects of acceleration are equal to the effects of gravity according to the equivalence principle.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12374181)Fundamental Research Funds for Public Universities in Liaoning(LJ212410140035,LJ212410140037,LJ212410140048)+2 种基金Shenyang Science and Technology Bureau(22-315-6-06)General Project of the Department of Education of Liaoning Province(LJKZ0084)Liaoning Province Science and Technology Plan Joint Program(Natural Science Foundation General Project,2024-MSLH-188)。
文摘Long-afterglow photocatalytic technology offers promising potential fo r all-weather pollutant treatment,yet its efficiency is often constrained by competition between afterglow emission and photocatalytic reactions.To address this,we developed a Pr^(3+)-doped Ca_(2)Al_(2)SiO_(7)(CASO)photocatalyst enriched with oxygen vacancies(V_(O)).The introduction of oxygen vacancies significantly increases trap concentration,enhancing both the intensity and du ration of the afterglow emission.A persulfate-assisted photo-Fenton system was designed based on V_(O)-CASO:Pr^(3+)enabling the self-activated degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride(TC)under ultraviolet afterglow.The photo-Fenton reaction consumes excess holes accumulated during the afterglow process,improving carrier utilization efficiency and mitigating rapid recombination.Additionally,persulfate addition can enrich reactive species and facilitate the Fe^(2+)/Fe^(3+)cycle.Benefiting from these synergistic effects,V_(O)-CASO:Pr^(3+)has achieved 75%TC degradation within1 h,significantly outperforming traditional systems.This study provides a new strategy for enhancing long-afterglow photocatalytic performance,paving the way for sustainable pollutant degradation technologies.
文摘The catalyst's structural dynamics under reaction conditions critically determine their performance.We proved this indication by studying Ni nanoparticles supported on Mo_(2)CT_(x) MXene,where the average size during CO_(2) hydrogenation changed from 12.9 to 3.1 nm.A parallel increase of CO selectivity from 21.1%to 92.6%at 400℃ was observed,while the CO_(2) conversion rate remained at about 84.0 mmol·g_(cat)^(-1)·h^(-1).This transformation involved partial removal of Mo_(2)CT_(x) terminal groups,allowing direct interaction between Ni and Mo atoms instead of indirect coupling through-O terminations.The shift from a Ni-O-Mo to a Ni-Mo interaction enhanced electron transfer from Ni to Mo_(2)CT_(x),strengthening the metal-support interaction and driving Ni nanoparticle dispersion.In-situ mechanistic analysis and kinetic isotope studies revealed that Ni dispersion suppresses the formate and carboxyl pathway,promotes direct CO_(2) dissociation,and inhibits CO hydrogenation,shifting the primary product from CH_(4) to CO.These findings provide a strategy for designing highly selective and stable MXene-based catalysts through engineered metal-support interactions.
基金supported by the National SKA Program of China (grant No. 2020SKA0120100)the Special Project of Foreign Science and Technology Cooperation, Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department (grant No. 202003AD150010)+4 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China (grant No. 2022YFC2205203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, grant Nos. 12073076, 12173087, 12041303, and 12063003)the CAS “Western Light Youth Project,” Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects (grant Nos. 202401AT070144 and 202505AO120021)funding from the Max-Planck Partner Groupsupport from the XPLORER PRIZE
文摘Fast Radio Bursts(FRBs) are enigmatic millisecond-duration radio transients of extra-galactic origin, whose underlying mechanisms and progenitors remain poorly understood. FRBs are broadly classified into two categories: repeating FRBs, which emit multiple bursts over time, and one-off FRBs, which are detected as single events. A central question in FRB research is whether these two classes share a common origin. In this study, we present observations of FRB 20240114A, a repeating FRB that entered a hyperactive phase in 2024 January. We conducted a 318 hr monitoring campaign using the Kunming 40-Meter Radio Telescope(KM40M) in the S-band(2.187–2.311 GHz), during which we detected eight radio bursts. We analyzed their properties, including dispersion measure, bandwidth, pulse width, flux, fluence, and energy. Additionally, we searched for counterparts in overlapping data from the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope(FAST) in the L-band(1.0–1.5 GHz). While no bursts were temporally aligned between the two telescopes, we identified one FAST burst that arrived approximately 6 ms after one of the KM40M bursts. The absence of FAST counterparts for the KM40M bursts suggests that individual bursts from FRB 20240114A are likely narrow-band, with fractional bandwidths less than 10%. By comparing the cumulative event rates from KM40M and FAST observations, we found that the two measurements are compatible, indicating a possible flattening of the event rate at higher energies. This feature aligns with observations of one-off FRBs, supporting the hypothesis that repeating and oneoff FRBs may share a common origin.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Fund for Excellent Young Scientists Fund Program(Overseas)to Y.Z.,the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant 2019YFA0906200)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAAS-ZDRW202101)+1 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(grant KQTD2016113010482651)the BMBF-funded de.
文摘Grapevine is one of the most economically important crops worldwide.However,the previous versions of the grapevine reference genome tipically consist of thousands of fragments with missing centromeres and telomeres,limiting the accessibility of the repetitive sequences,the centromeric and telomeric regions,and the study of inheritance of important agronomic traits in these regions.Here,we assembled a telomere-to-telomere(T2T)gap-free reference genome for the cultivar PN40024 using PacBio HiFi long reads.The T2T reference genome(PN_T2T)is 69 Mb longer with 9018 more genes identified than the 12X.v0 version.We annotated 67%repetitive sequences,19 centromeres and 36 telomeres,and incorporated gene annotations of previous versions into the PN_T2T assembly.We detected a total of 377 gene clusters,which showed associations with complex traits,such as aroma and disease resistance.Even though PN40024 derives from nine generations of selfing,we still found nine genomic hotspots of heterozygous sites associated with biological processes,such as the oxidation–reduction process and protein phosphorylation.The fully annotated complete reference genome therefore constitutes an important resource for grapevine genetic studies and breeding programs.
基金supported by funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972474,90717110)Hubei Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(2020CFA062).
文摘Kiwifruit is an economically and nutritionally important fruit crop with extremely high contents of vitamin C.However,the previously released versions of kiwifruit genomes all have a mass of unanchored or missing regions.Here,we report a highly continuous and completely gap-free reference genome of Actinidia chinensis cv.‘Hongyang’,named Hongyang v4.0,which is the first to achieve two de novo haploid-resolved haplotypes,HY4P and HY4A.HY4P and HY4A have a total length of 606.1 and 599.6 Mb,respectively,with almost the entire telomeres and centromeres assembled in each haplotype.In comparison with Hongyang v3.0,the integrity and contiguity of Hongyang v4.0 is markedly improved by filling all unclosed gaps and correcting some misoriented regions,resulting in∼38.6–39.5 Mb extra sequences,which might affect 4263 and 4244 protein-coding genes in HY4P and HY4A,respectively.Furthermore,our gap-free genome assembly provides the first clue for inspecting the structure and function of centromeres.Globally,centromeric regions are characterized by higher-order repeats that mainly consist of a 153-bp conserved centromere-specific monomer(Ach-CEN153)with different copy numbers among chromosomes.Functional enrichment analysis of the genes located within centromeric regions demonstrates that chromosome centromeres may not only play physical roles for linking a pair of sister chromatids,but also have genetic features for participation in the regulation of cell division.The availability of the telomere-to-telomere and gap-free Hongyang v4.0 reference genome lays a solid foundation not only for illustrating genome structure and functional genomics studies but also for facilitating kiwifruit breeding and improvement.
基金This work was supported by funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972474,31471157)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization(SKLTOF20150103).
文摘A high-quality genome is the basis for studies on functional,evolutionary,and comparative genomics.The majority of attention has been paid to the solution of complex chromosome structures and highly repetitive sequences,along with the emergence of a new‘telomere-to-telomere(T2T)assembly’era.However,the bioinformatic tools for the automatic construction and/or characterization of T2T genome are limited.Here,we developed a user-friendly web toolkit,quarTeT,which currently includes four modules:AssemblyMapper,GapFiller,TeloExplorer,and CentroMiner.First,AssemblyMapper is designed to assemble phased contigs into the chromosome-level genome by referring to a closely related genome.Then,GapFiller would endeavor to fill all unclosed gaps in a given genome with the aid of additional ultra-long sequences.Finally,TeloExplorer and CentroMiner are applied to identify candidate telomere and centromere as well as their localizations on each chromosome.These four modules can be used alone or in combination with each other for T2T genome assembly and characterization.As a case study,by adopting the entire modular functions of quarTeT,we have achieved the Actinidia chinensis genome assembly that is of a quality comparable to the reported genome Hongyang v4.0,which was assembled with the addition of manual handling.Further evaluation of CentroMiner by searching centromeres in Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa genomes showed that quarTeT is capable of identifying all the centromeric regions that have been previously detected by experimental methods.Collectively,quarTeT is an efficient toolkit for studies of large-scale T2T genomes and can be accessed at http://www.atcgn.com:8080/quarTeT/home.html without registration.
基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA22010101)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2801801)+1 种基金the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-025),the Natural Science Foundation of China(51871225)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS and Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC1907005).
文摘The phase transition of titanium alloys is sensitive to the heat-treatment procedure,accompanied with the latent heat induced by phase transition.However,the latent heat during phase transition of titanium alloy has not been systematically studied,which may result in the gap between designed and actual temperature of the sample and affect the final mechanical properties.In this work,DSC(differential scanning calorimetry)and first-principles simulate methods were used to study theβ→αphase transition process of TB18(Ti–Al-Mo-V-Cr-Nb-Fe system)metastableβtitanium alloy,especially to reveal the influence of the heating rate on latent heat.The ratio of latent heat to endothermic heat of the sample during temperature rising was introduced to interpret the effect of latent heat to actual temperature.The ratio of latent heat to endothermic heat at 1℃/min is about 15 to 20 times higher than that at 10℃/min.The higher ratio indicates that the latent heat of phase transition has a more significant effect on the temperature,which is related to the temperature range of phase transition and theαvolume fraction.Compared with the heating rate of 1℃/min,theβ→αphase transition takes place at higher temperature and the volume fraction ofαis smaller at 10℃/min.Meanwhile,there is a precipitation free zone between grain boundaryαand intragranularαand the distribution ofαlamellae is heterogeneous when the heating rate is 10℃/min.Both of the experimental and theoretical results suggest that the latent heat of phase transition is the main cause of the temperature fluctuation during heat-treatment process.This work has guiding significance for microstructure optimization affected by temperature,to achieve the desired mechanical properties.
基金Supported by CSC(20135044)Science and Technology Support Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology(2012BAD14B18)
文摘Vigorously developing agricultural circular economy is an effective way to achieve sustainable agricultural development,and a strategic measure to ease the pressure on agricultural resources,protect ecological and clean resources,and promote sustainable agricultural and rural economic development. From the theoretical perspective of circular agriculture,this paper builds the evaluation indicator system for circular agriculture,and uses entropy method to carry out the comprehensive evaluation of the development level of agricultural circular economy in Guizhou Province from 2003 to 2012. At the same time,this paper analyzes the obstacles to the development of agricultural circular economy in Guizhou Province in 2012,and sets forth the relevant recommendations based on these limitations,in order to improve the development level of circular agriculture in Guizhou Province.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 52077027the Liaoning Province Science and Technology Major Project No.2020JH1/10100020.
文摘The parameters of permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)affect the performance of vector control servo system.Because of the complexity of nonlinear model of PMSM,it is very difficult to identify the parameters of PMSM.Aiming at the problems of large amount of data calculation,low identification accuracy and poor robustness in the process of multi parameter identification of permanent magnet synchronous motor,this paper proposes a weighted differential evolutionary particle swarm optimization algorithm based on double update strategy.By introducing adaptive judgment factor to control the proportion of weighted difference evolution(WDE)algorithm and particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm in each iteration process,and consider using PSO algorithm or WDE algorithm to update individuals according to the probability law.The individuals obtained from WDE operation are used to guide the individual evolution process in PSO operation through the information exchangemechanism.The proposed WDEPSO algorithm can ensure the diversity and effectiveness of the individual evolution of the population.The algorithm is applied to parameter identification of PMSMdrive system.The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has better convergence performance and has strong robustness,parameter identification of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on proposed method does not need to rely on more data sheet on the motor design value,can motor stator resistance identification at the same time,the rotor flux linkage,d/q-axis inductance and electrical parameters,and can effectively track the parameters value.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41672323)the Interdiscipline Research Funds of Beijing Normal University
文摘Targeting the problem of high real-time requirements in astronomical data processing,this paper proposes a real-time early warning model for light curves based on a Gated Recurrent Unit(GRU)network.Using the memory function of the GRU network,a prediction model of the light curve is established,and the model is trained using the collected light curve data,so that the model can predict a star magnitude value for the next moment based on historical star magnitude data.In this paper,we calculate the difference between the model prediction value and the actual observation value and set a threshold.If the difference exceeds the set threshold,the observation value at the next moment is considered to be an abnormal value,and a warning is given.Astronomers can carry out further certification based on the early warning and in combination with other means of observation.The method proposed in this paper can be applied to real-time observations in time domain astronomy.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2018YFB0704300 and 2016YFB0700500)carried out at the National Supercomputer Center in Tianjin+1 种基金supported by Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Meta-RF MicrowaveXi’an Fengdong Yixiang Technology Service Co.,Ltd
文摘Formaldehyde as an air pollutant to adverse health effects for humanity has been getting attention.The adsorption and dissociation of formaldehyde(HCHO)on the CoxCe1−xO_(2)−δ(110)surface were investigated by the density functional theory(DFT)calculations.We calculated the oxygen vacancy formation energy as the function of its site around dopant Co in detail.The results showed that Co doping was accompanied by compensating oxygen hole spontaneous formation.The adsorption configurations and bindings of HCHO at different locations on the CoxCe1−xO_(2)(110)were presented.Four possible pathways of oxidation of formaldehyde on the catalytic surface were explored.The results suggested that formaldehyde dissociation at different adsorption sites on the doped CeO_(2)(110)—first forming dioxymethylene(CH2O_(2))intermediate,and then decomposing into H2O,H2,CO_(2),and CO molecules.It was found that the presence of cobalt and oxygen vacancy significantly prompted the surface activity of CeO_(2).
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30900384)Education Bureau Foundation of Liaoning Province,China (No.2009a723)
文摘Objective Radiation-induced lung injury （RILl） is the most common, dose-limiting complication in thoracic malignancy radiotherapy. Considering its negative impact on patients and restrictions to efficacy, the mechanism of RILl was studied. Methods Wistar rats were locally irradiated with a single dose of 0, 16, and 20 Gy to the right half of the lung to establish a lung injury model. Two and six months after irradiation, the right half of the rat lung tissue was removed, and the concentrations of TGF-[31, angiotensin II, and aldosterone were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Statistical differences were observed in the expression levels of angiotensin II and aldosterone between the non-irradiation and irradiation groups. Moreover, the expression level of the angiotensin II-aldosterone system increased with increasing doses, and the difference was still observed as time progressed. Conclusions Angiotensin II-aldosterone system has an important pathophysiological function in the progression of RILI.
基金Supported by the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.11605107 and 11503001the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.11475108+3 种基金Program for the Innovative Talents of Higher Learning Institutions of Shanxithe Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province under Grant No.201601D102004the Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of Shanxi Province under Grant No.201601D021022the Natural Science Foundation of Datong City under Grant No.20150110
文摘In this paper, by taking de Sitter space-time as a thermodynamic system, we study the effective thermodynamic quantities of de Sitter black holes in massive gravity, and furthermore obtain the effective thermodynamic quantities of the space-time. Our results show that the entropy of this type of space-time takes the same form as that in Reissner-Nordstr¨om-de Sitter space-time, which lays a solid foundation for deeply understanding the universal thermodynamic characteristics of de Sitter space-time in the future. Moreover, our analysis indicates that the effective thermodynamic quantities and relevant parameters play a very important role in the investigation of the stability and evolution of de Sitter space-time.
基金supported by grants from the Major Innovation Project of Shandong Province(2022CXGC010605)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32002023 and 32172518)+1 种基金the Regional Joint Key Innovation Project of NSFC(U22A20491)Shaanxi Key R&D Plan Project(2023-ZDLNY-21).
文摘Teinturier grapes are characterized by the typical accumulation of anthocyanins in grape skin,flesh,and vegetative tissues,endowing them with high utility value in red wine blending and nutrient-enriched foods developing.However,due to the lack of genome information,the mechanism involved in regulating teinturier grape coloring has not yet been elucidated and their genetic utilization research is still insufficient.Here,the cultivar‘Yan73’was used for assembling the telomere-to-telomere(T2T)genome of teinturier grapes by combining the High Fidelity(HiFi),Hi-C and ultralong Oxford Nanopore Technologies(ONT)reads.Two haplotype genomes were assembled,at the sizes of 501.68 Mb and 493.38 Mb,respectively.In the haplotype 1 genome,the transposable elements(TEs)contained 32.77%of long terminal repeats(LTRs),while in the haplotype 2 genome,31.53%of LTRs were detected in TEs.Furthermore,obvious inversions were identified in chromosome 18 between the two haplotypes.Transcriptome profiling suggested that the gene expression patterns in‘Cabernet Sauvignon’and‘Yan73’were diverse depending on tissues,developmental stages,and varieties.The transcription program of genes in the anthocyanins biosynthesis pathway between the two cultivars exhibited high similarity in different tissues and developmental stages,whereas the expression levels of numerous genes showed significant differences.Compared with other genes,the expression levels of VvMYBA1 and VvUFGT4 in all samples,VvCHS2 except in young shoots and VvPAL9 except in the E-L23 stage of‘Yan73’were higher than those of‘Cabernet Sauvignon’.Further sequence alignments revealed potential variant gene loci and structure variations of anthocyanins biosynthesis related genes and a 816 bp sequence insertion was found in the promoter of VvMYBA1 of‘Yan73’haplotype 2 genome.The‘Yan73’T2T genome assembly and comparative analysis provided valuable foundations for further revealing the coloring mechanism of teinturier grapes and the genetic improvement of grape coloring traits.
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 19BYY088)。
文摘Although investigating metaphors in advertising is gaining in popularity, there are still certain unresolved arguments, such as the interaction between elements of different modalities. This study,composed of three behavioral experiments, aims to identify how verbal anchoring(literal anchoring, metaphor anchoring and unrelated anchoring) influences the processing of pictorial metaphors in advertising, by observing the cognitive and affective indicators, advertising comprehension and advertising likeability. The results showed 1) that metaphors in pictorial modality were recognized more quickly than those in verbal modality, 2) that verbal anchoring facilitated participants ’ comprehending and appreciating of pictorial metaphors and 3) that literally-anchored metaphors with a moderate level of novelty yielded the most favorable cognitive responses. The study not only enriches the existing theoretical framework of multimodal metaphors in advertising, but also proposes an optimal match between pictorial metaphors and verbal elements, for advertisers and manufacturers to design effective multimodal advertisements.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52071222 and 52471180)Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research,China(Grant No.2019B030302010)+2 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research,China(Grant No.2020B1515130007)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFA0716302)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB30000000).
文摘The alteration in surface color of metallic glasses(MGs)holds great significance in the context of microstructuredesign and commercial utility.It is essential to accurately describe the structures that are formed during the laser and colorseparation processes in order to develop practical laser coloring applications.Due to the high oxidation sensitivity of Labasedmetallic glass,it can broaden the color range but make it more complex.Structure coloring by laser processing on thesurface of La-based metallic glass can be conducted after thermoplastic forming.It is particularly important to clarify therole of structure and composition in the surface coloring process.The aim is to study the relationship between amorphoussurface structural color,surface geometry,and oxide formation by laser processing in metallic glasses.The findings revealedthat the periodic structure primarily determines the surface color at laser energy densities below 1.0 J/mm^(2).In contrast,thesurface color predominantly depends on the proportion of oxides that are formed when energy densities exceed 1.0 J/mm^(2).Consequently,this study provides a novel concept for the fundamental investigation of laser coloring and establishes a newavenue for practical application.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos. 10825313 and 11073005)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program+2 种基金 Grant No. 2007CB815401)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesScientific Research Foundation of Beijing Normal University
文摘We propose an accurate test of the distance-duality （DD） relation, η = DL（z）（1 ＋ z）^-2/DA（z） = 1 （where DL and DA are the luminosity distances and angular diameter distances, respectively）, with a combination of cosmological observational data of Type Ia Supernovae （SNe Ia） from the Union2 set and the galaxy cluster sample under an assumption of the spherical model. In order to avoid bias brought on by redshift non-coincidence between observational data and to consider redshift error bars of both clusters and SNe Ia in the analysis, we carefully choose the SNe Ia points which have the minimum acceptable redshift difference of the galaxy cluster sample （│△Z│min = σz,SN ＋σz,cluster）. By assuming η to be a constant and defined as functions of the redshift parameterized by six different expressions, we find that there exists no observable evidence for variations in the DD relation based on the collected data, since related statistical tests are well satisfied within the 1σ confidence level for most cases. Further, considering different values of △z as constraints, we also find that the choice of △z may play an important role in this model-independent test of the DD relation for the spherical sample of galaxy clusters.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant[52077027]Liaoning Province Science and Technology Major Project[No.2020JH1/10100020].
文摘In this paper, the axial-flux permanent magnet driver is modeledand analyzed in a simple and novel way under three-dimensional cylindricalcoordinates. The inherent three-dimensional characteristics of the deviceare comprehensively considered, and the governing equations are solved bysimplifying the boundary conditions. The axial magnetization of the sectorshapedpermanent magnets is accurately described in an algebraic form bythe parameters, which makes the physical meaning more explicit than thepurely mathematical expression in general series forms. The parameters of theBessel function are determined simply and the magnetic field distribution ofpermanent magnets and the air-gap is solved. Furthermore, the field solutionsare completely analytical, which provides convenience and satisfactoryaccuracy for modeling a series of electromagnetic performance parameters,such as the axial electromagnetic force density, axial electromagnetic force,and electromagnetic torque. The correctness and accuracy of the analyticalmodels are fully verified by three-dimensional finite element simulations and a15 kW prototype and the results of calculations, simulations, and experimentsunder three methods are highly consistent. The influence of several designparameters on magnetic field distribution and performance is studied and discussed.The results indicate that the modeling method proposed in this papercan calculate the magnetic field distribution and performance accurately andrapidly, which affords an important reference for the design and optimizationof axial-flux permanent magnet drivers.
基金Project supported by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0402600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11690023,11373014,and 11633001)+2 种基金Beijing Talents Fund of Organization Department of Beijing Municipal Committee of the CPCthe Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB23000000)the Interdiscipline Research Funds of Beijing Normal University。
文摘Realistic quantum systems always exhibit gravitational and relativistic features.In this paper,we investigate the properties of Gaussian steering and its asymmetry by the localized two-mode Gaussian quantum states,instead of the traditional single-mode approximation method in the relativistic setting.We find that the one-side Gaussian quantum steering will monotonically decrease with increasing observers of acceleration.Meanwhile,our results also reveal the interesting behavior of the Gaussian steering asymmetry,which increases for a specific range of accelerated parameter and then gradually approaches to a finite value.Such finding is well consistent and explained by the well-known Unruh effect,which could significantly destroy the one-side Gaussian quantum steering.Finally,our results could also be applied to the dynamical studies of Gaussian steering between the Earth and satellites,since the effects of acceleration are equal to the effects of gravity according to the equivalence principle.
