Programmed cell death(PCD)is essential for both plant development and stress responses including immunity.However,how plants control PCD is not well-understood.The shikimate pathway is one of the most important metabo...Programmed cell death(PCD)is essential for both plant development and stress responses including immunity.However,how plants control PCD is not well-understood.The shikimate pathway is one of the most important metabolic pathways in plants,but its relationship to PCD is unknown.Here,we show that the shikimate pathway promotes PCD in Arabidopsis.We identify a photoperiod-dependent lesion-mimic mutant named Lesion in short-day(lis),which forms spontaneous lesions in short-day conditions.Mapbased cloning and whole-genome resequencing reveal that LIS encodes MEE32,a bifunctional enzyme in the shikimate pathway.Metabolic analysis shows that the level of shikimate is dramatically increased in lis.Through genetic screenings,three suppressors of lis(slis)are identified and the causal genes are cloned.SLISes encode proteins upstream of MEE32 in the shikimate pathway.Furthermore,exogenous shikimate treatment causes PCD.Our study uncovers a link between the shikimate pathway and PCD,and suggests that the accumulation of shikimate is an alternative explanation for the action of glyphosate,the most successful herbicide.展开更多
Maintenance of genome stability is crucial for the survival and reproduction of all organisms.However,various exogenous and endogenous factors frequently induce DNA damage,threatening genome stability.Therefore,all or...Maintenance of genome stability is crucial for the survival and reproduction of all organisms.However,various exogenous and endogenous factors frequently induce DNA damage,threatening genome stability.Therefore,all organisms have evolved complex and sophisticated DNA damage response(DDR)mechanisms including transcription reprogramming,cell cycle arrest,DNA repair,and cell death(Ciccia and Elledge,2010).Compared with the research in mammals and yeasts,the DDR mechanisms in plants are far less well-understood(Herbst et al.,2024).展开更多
Leaf senescence is an intrinsic biological process of plants. The phytohormones salicylic acid(SA) and ethylene(ET) are known to promote senescence. However, their relationship in this process is still unclear. We fou...Leaf senescence is an intrinsic biological process of plants. The phytohormones salicylic acid(SA) and ethylene(ET) are known to promote senescence. However, their relationship in this process is still unclear. We found that EIN3 and EIL1, two key transcription factors in ET signaling, are required for SA-induced leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, ET enhances the effect of SA in promoting senescence. Biochemical studies revealed that NPR1, the master regulator of SA signaling, interacts with EIN3 to promote its transcriptional activity. Our study suggests that SA and ET function coordinately in senescence, which is in contrast to their antagonistic crosstalk in other biological processes.展开更多
It is well known that plants activate defense responses at the cost of growth.However,the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood.The phytohormones salicylic acid(SA)and gibberellin(GA)promote defense ...It is well known that plants activate defense responses at the cost of growth.However,the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood.The phytohormones salicylic acid(SA)and gibberellin(GA)promote defense response and growth,respectively.Here we show that SA inhibits GA signaling to repress plant growth.We found that the SA receptor NPR1 interacts with the GA receptor GID1.Further biochemical studies revealed that NPR1 functions as an adaptor of ubiquitin E3 ligase to promote the polyubiquitination and degradation of GID1,which enhances the stability of DELLA proteins,the negative regulators of GA signaling.Genetic analysis suggested that NPR1,GID1,and DELLA proteins are all required for the SA-mediated growth inhibition.Collectively,our study not only uncovers a novel regulatory mechanism of growth-defense trade-off but also reveals the interaction of hormone receptors as a new mode of hormonal crosstalk.展开更多
Dear Editor,Arabidopsis thaliana,as a model plant,is the most well-studied plant species.One of the advantages of using Arabidopsis is that obtaining stably transformed plants using flower-dipping method is easy.Howev...Dear Editor,Arabidopsis thaliana,as a model plant,is the most well-studied plant species.One of the advantages of using Arabidopsis is that obtaining stably transformed plants using flower-dipping method is easy.However,generating transgenic plants is still time-consuming.Therefore,transient expression is frequently used to characterize protein functions.Several transient expression assays have been developed,including protoplast transfection,biolistic bombardment,and Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression.Among these assays,展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771355,31970311)Thousand Talents Plan of China-Young ProfessionalsHuazhong Agricultural University Scientific&Technological Self-innovation Foundation(2014RC004)。
文摘Programmed cell death(PCD)is essential for both plant development and stress responses including immunity.However,how plants control PCD is not well-understood.The shikimate pathway is one of the most important metabolic pathways in plants,but its relationship to PCD is unknown.Here,we show that the shikimate pathway promotes PCD in Arabidopsis.We identify a photoperiod-dependent lesion-mimic mutant named Lesion in short-day(lis),which forms spontaneous lesions in short-day conditions.Mapbased cloning and whole-genome resequencing reveal that LIS encodes MEE32,a bifunctional enzyme in the shikimate pathway.Metabolic analysis shows that the level of shikimate is dramatically increased in lis.Through genetic screenings,three suppressors of lis(slis)are identified and the causal genes are cloned.SLISes encode proteins upstream of MEE32 in the shikimate pathway.Furthermore,exogenous shikimate treatment causes PCD.Our study uncovers a link between the shikimate pathway and PCD,and suggests that the accumulation of shikimate is an alternative explanation for the action of glyphosate,the most successful herbicide.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270306 and 32070312)HZAU-AGIS Cooperation Fund(SZYJY2022004)Huazhong Agricultural University Scientific&Technological Self-innovation Foundation(2662024PY019).
文摘Maintenance of genome stability is crucial for the survival and reproduction of all organisms.However,various exogenous and endogenous factors frequently induce DNA damage,threatening genome stability.Therefore,all organisms have evolved complex and sophisticated DNA damage response(DDR)mechanisms including transcription reprogramming,cell cycle arrest,DNA repair,and cell death(Ciccia and Elledge,2010).Compared with the research in mammals and yeasts,the DDR mechanisms in plants are far less well-understood(Herbst et al.,2024).
基金This work is supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771355 and 31970311)Thousand Talents Plan of China-Young Professionals Grantoutstanding and Innovation Team from the Ministry of Agriculture of China(0120150092)。
文摘Leaf senescence is an intrinsic biological process of plants. The phytohormones salicylic acid(SA) and ethylene(ET) are known to promote senescence. However, their relationship in this process is still unclear. We found that EIN3 and EIL1, two key transcription factors in ET signaling, are required for SA-induced leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, ET enhances the effect of SA in promoting senescence. Biochemical studies revealed that NPR1, the master regulator of SA signaling, interacts with EIN3 to promote its transcriptional activity. Our study suggests that SA and ET function coordinately in senescence, which is in contrast to their antagonistic crosstalk in other biological processes.
文摘It is well known that plants activate defense responses at the cost of growth.However,the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood.The phytohormones salicylic acid(SA)and gibberellin(GA)promote defense response and growth,respectively.Here we show that SA inhibits GA signaling to repress plant growth.We found that the SA receptor NPR1 interacts with the GA receptor GID1.Further biochemical studies revealed that NPR1 functions as an adaptor of ubiquitin E3 ligase to promote the polyubiquitination and degradation of GID1,which enhances the stability of DELLA proteins,the negative regulators of GA signaling.Genetic analysis suggested that NPR1,GID1,and DELLA proteins are all required for the SA-mediated growth inhibition.Collectively,our study not only uncovers a novel regulatory mechanism of growth-defense trade-off but also reveals the interaction of hormone receptors as a new mode of hormonal crosstalk.
基金supported by the Thousand Talents Plan-Young Professionals from China,Huazhong Agricultural University Scientific&Technological Self-innovation Foundation(2014RC004)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662015PY064)
文摘Dear Editor,Arabidopsis thaliana,as a model plant,is the most well-studied plant species.One of the advantages of using Arabidopsis is that obtaining stably transformed plants using flower-dipping method is easy.However,generating transgenic plants is still time-consuming.Therefore,transient expression is frequently used to characterize protein functions.Several transient expression assays have been developed,including protoplast transfection,biolistic bombardment,and Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression.Among these assays,
