Premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)is characterized by irreversible loss of ovarian function before 40 years of age and affects 3.7%of women worldwide(Golezar et al.,2019;Huang et al.,2021).Raised serum follicle-stim...Premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)is characterized by irreversible loss of ovarian function before 40 years of age and affects 3.7%of women worldwide(Golezar et al.,2019;Huang et al.,2021).Raised serum follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)levels,menstrual disturbance,and estrogen deficiency are the main symptoms of POl(European Society for Human Reproduction et al.,2016).Besides infertility,patients have an increased risk of long-term complications due to the early deficiency of ovarian steroids,such as osteoporosis,cardiovascular disease,and metabolic disorders(lshizuka,2021).Due to the lack of biomarkers for prediction or early diagnosis,most patients are not diagnosed until the failure stage(serum levels of FSH above 25 IU/L and amenorrhea),missing opportunities for intervention.Therefore,developing sensitive biomarkers for diminished ovarian reserves is paramount for timely treatment to improve reproductive outcomes and prevent long-term complications.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research&Developmental Program of China(2022YFC2703800,2022YFC2703000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82125014,82371646,32070847)+1 种基金Basic Science Center Program of NSFC(31988101)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR202105250005,ZR2022YQ69,tsqn202211371).
文摘Premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)is characterized by irreversible loss of ovarian function before 40 years of age and affects 3.7%of women worldwide(Golezar et al.,2019;Huang et al.,2021).Raised serum follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)levels,menstrual disturbance,and estrogen deficiency are the main symptoms of POl(European Society for Human Reproduction et al.,2016).Besides infertility,patients have an increased risk of long-term complications due to the early deficiency of ovarian steroids,such as osteoporosis,cardiovascular disease,and metabolic disorders(lshizuka,2021).Due to the lack of biomarkers for prediction or early diagnosis,most patients are not diagnosed until the failure stage(serum levels of FSH above 25 IU/L and amenorrhea),missing opportunities for intervention.Therefore,developing sensitive biomarkers for diminished ovarian reserves is paramount for timely treatment to improve reproductive outcomes and prevent long-term complications.
