Pretreatment with scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavonoid has protective effects against ischemia and attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this study, rats were given scutellaria baicalensis...Pretreatment with scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavonoid has protective effects against ischemia and attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this study, rats were given scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavonoid intragastrically at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg per day for 7 days before focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury models were established using the suture method. We then determined the protective effects of scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavon- oid pretreatment on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Results showed that neurological deficit scores increased, infarct volumes enlarged, apoptosis increased and Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression were upregulated at 24 hours after reperfusion. Pretreatment with scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavonoid at any dose lowered the neurological deficit scores, reduced the infarct volume, prevented apoptosis in hippocampal cells, attenuated neuronal and blood-brain barrier damage and upregulated Bcl-2 protein expression but inhibited Bax protein expression. Doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg were the most efficacious. Our findings indicate that pretreatment with scutel- laria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavonoid at 100 and 200 mg/kg can improve the neurological func- tions and have preventive and protective roles after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.展开更多
Buyang Huanwu decoction （BYHWD） is a classic recipe for the prevention and treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Gerbils were pretreated with BYHWD, and then subjected to cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. ...Buyang Huanwu decoction （BYHWD） is a classic recipe for the prevention and treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Gerbils were pretreated with BYHWD, and then subjected to cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Microvascular changes were determined with laser Doppler monitoring, tannic acid-ferric chloride mordant, and electron microscopy. Results showed that BYHWD pretreatment could enhance the function of hippocampal microvessels, prevent injury, and increase microvasular density and microvasular area density. Thus, these results suggest that BYHWD pretreatment could prevent microvascular occlusion, enhance the capacity of microvascular reperfusion, increase cerebral blood flow, and inhibit neuronal damage, and may be an effective therapy against brain ischemic injury.展开更多
Previous experimental studies have shown that cerebral infarction can be effectively reduced following treatment with scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavonoid （SSTF）. However, the mechanism of action of SST...Previous experimental studies have shown that cerebral infarction can be effectively reduced following treatment with scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavonoid （SSTF）. However, the mechanism of action of SSTF as a preventive drug to treat cerebral infarction remains unclear. In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with 50, 100, 200 mg/kg SSTF via intragastric ad- ministration for 1 week prior to the establishment of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. The results showed that pretreatment with SSTF effectively improved neurological function, reduced brain water content and the permeability of blood vessels, ameliorated ischemia-induced morphology changes in hippocampal microvessels, down-regulated Fas and FasL protein expression, elevated the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and decreased malondialdehyde content. In contrast to low-dose SSTF pretreatment, the above changes were most obvious after pretreatment with moderateand high-doses of SSTF. Experimental findings indicate that SSTF pretreatment can exert protective effects on the brain against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. The underlying mechanisms may involve reducing brain water content, increasing microvascular recanalization, inhibiting the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, and attenuating free radical damage.展开更多
Time-sensitive and pH-dependent polymers are generally employed to prepare colon-site delivery system, and their coating thickness and order are very important in controlling the drug release. The traditional colon-si...Time-sensitive and pH-dependent polymers are generally employed to prepare colon-site delivery system, and their coating thickness and order are very important in controlling the drug release. The traditional colon-site delivery systems consist of time-dependent polymers as inner layer and pH-sensitive polymers as outer layer. However, they suffer from low drug-loading rate and immature drug release. In this study, total alkaloids of sophora alopecuroides(TASA)-loaded pellets were prepared by extrusion-spheronization method and coated with Eudragit RS30D and Eudragit S100. Pellets using Eudragit RS30D as inner layer and Eudragit S100 as outer layer were named as ERS-ES100 TCO, while pellets with Eudragit S100 as inner layer and Eudragit RS30D as outer layer were ES100-ERS NCO. Both types of formulations with varying coating ratios and orders of Eudragit S100 and Eudragit RS30D were designed and prepared. The following in vitro drug release and SEM studies indicated that ERS-ES100 TCO(F2) with 12.8% Eudragit RS30D as inner layer and 21% Eudragit S100 as outer layer released up to 42% drug in 5 h. Interestingly, ES100-ERS NCO(F4) coated with 12.8% Eudragit S100 and 14.8% Eudragit RS30D showed optimal drug release in colon. In conclusion, ES100-ERS NCO colonic delivery system achieved reduced coating thickness and improved colonic targeting compared with traditional delivery system(ERS-ES100 TCO). In addition, the similarity factors( f 2) value of sophoridine and matrine for investigated formulation were within 50–100 and > 80, demonstrating that sophoridine and matrine in all formulations achieved a synchronous release.展开更多
We analyze the cross section of e + e-→τ + μ-within the frameworks of SM and its Z extension.The theoretical prediction of the SM on the total cross section is suppressed by the tiny neutrino masses.On the other ha...We analyze the cross section of e + e-→τ + μ-within the frameworks of SM and its Z extension.The theoretical prediction of the SM on the total cross section is suppressed by the tiny neutrino masses.On the other hand,the contributions from Z to the cross section are enhanced drastically because of the tree level FCNC couplings among Z and leptons.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Science and Technology Department of Hebei Province,No.07276101D-46the Education Ministry of Hebei Province,No.2005227
文摘Pretreatment with scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavonoid has protective effects against ischemia and attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this study, rats were given scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavonoid intragastrically at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg per day for 7 days before focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury models were established using the suture method. We then determined the protective effects of scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavon- oid pretreatment on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Results showed that neurological deficit scores increased, infarct volumes enlarged, apoptosis increased and Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression were upregulated at 24 hours after reperfusion. Pretreatment with scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavonoid at any dose lowered the neurological deficit scores, reduced the infarct volume, prevented apoptosis in hippocampal cells, attenuated neuronal and blood-brain barrier damage and upregulated Bcl-2 protein expression but inhibited Bax protein expression. Doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg were the most efficacious. Our findings indicate that pretreatment with scutel- laria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavonoid at 100 and 200 mg/kg can improve the neurological func- tions and have preventive and protective roles after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
基金A Grant from Science and Technology Bureau of Chengde City, No. 200621006, 200721073
文摘Buyang Huanwu decoction （BYHWD） is a classic recipe for the prevention and treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Gerbils were pretreated with BYHWD, and then subjected to cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Microvascular changes were determined with laser Doppler monitoring, tannic acid-ferric chloride mordant, and electron microscopy. Results showed that BYHWD pretreatment could enhance the function of hippocampal microvessels, prevent injury, and increase microvasular density and microvasular area density. Thus, these results suggest that BYHWD pretreatment could prevent microvascular occlusion, enhance the capacity of microvascular reperfusion, increase cerebral blood flow, and inhibit neuronal damage, and may be an effective therapy against brain ischemic injury.
基金supported by the grants from Hebei Provincial Science and Technology Department,No.07276101D-46
文摘Previous experimental studies have shown that cerebral infarction can be effectively reduced following treatment with scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavonoid （SSTF）. However, the mechanism of action of SSTF as a preventive drug to treat cerebral infarction remains unclear. In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with 50, 100, 200 mg/kg SSTF via intragastric ad- ministration for 1 week prior to the establishment of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. The results showed that pretreatment with SSTF effectively improved neurological function, reduced brain water content and the permeability of blood vessels, ameliorated ischemia-induced morphology changes in hippocampal microvessels, down-regulated Fas and FasL protein expression, elevated the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and decreased malondialdehyde content. In contrast to low-dose SSTF pretreatment, the above changes were most obvious after pretreatment with moderateand high-doses of SSTF. Experimental findings indicate that SSTF pretreatment can exert protective effects on the brain against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. The underlying mechanisms may involve reducing brain water content, increasing microvascular recanalization, inhibiting the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, and attenuating free radical damage.
基金supposed by major science and technology projects of Guangdong province, China(2013A022100039)science innovation projects of higher school(2012KJCX0060)+3 种基金the technology bureau of Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China (2011C3108015)Guangdong province sail plan project of high level talents in 2014the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81473401)Guangdong provincial innovation and entrepreneurship training program for college students in 2016 no.196
文摘Time-sensitive and pH-dependent polymers are generally employed to prepare colon-site delivery system, and their coating thickness and order are very important in controlling the drug release. The traditional colon-site delivery systems consist of time-dependent polymers as inner layer and pH-sensitive polymers as outer layer. However, they suffer from low drug-loading rate and immature drug release. In this study, total alkaloids of sophora alopecuroides(TASA)-loaded pellets were prepared by extrusion-spheronization method and coated with Eudragit RS30D and Eudragit S100. Pellets using Eudragit RS30D as inner layer and Eudragit S100 as outer layer were named as ERS-ES100 TCO, while pellets with Eudragit S100 as inner layer and Eudragit RS30D as outer layer were ES100-ERS NCO. Both types of formulations with varying coating ratios and orders of Eudragit S100 and Eudragit RS30D were designed and prepared. The following in vitro drug release and SEM studies indicated that ERS-ES100 TCO(F2) with 12.8% Eudragit RS30D as inner layer and 21% Eudragit S100 as outer layer released up to 42% drug in 5 h. Interestingly, ES100-ERS NCO(F4) coated with 12.8% Eudragit S100 and 14.8% Eudragit RS30D showed optimal drug release in colon. In conclusion, ES100-ERS NCO colonic delivery system achieved reduced coating thickness and improved colonic targeting compared with traditional delivery system(ERS-ES100 TCO). In addition, the similarity factors( f 2) value of sophoridine and matrine for investigated formulation were within 50–100 and > 80, demonstrating that sophoridine and matrine in all formulations achieved a synchronous release.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.10975027,10675027,and 10775073)
文摘We analyze the cross section of e + e-→τ + μ-within the frameworks of SM and its Z extension.The theoretical prediction of the SM on the total cross section is suppressed by the tiny neutrino masses.On the other hand,the contributions from Z to the cross section are enhanced drastically because of the tree level FCNC couplings among Z and leptons.
