Objective This study aimed to explore the association between body mass index(BMI)and mortality based on the 10-year population-based multicenter prospective study.Methods A general population-based multicenter prospe...Objective This study aimed to explore the association between body mass index(BMI)and mortality based on the 10-year population-based multicenter prospective study.Methods A general population-based multicenter prospective study was conducted at four sites in rural China between 2013 and 2023.Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic spline analyses were used to assess the association between BMI and mortality.Stratified analyses were performed based on the individual characteristics of the participants.Results Overall,19,107 participants with a sum of 163,095 person-years were included and 1,910 participants died.The underweight(<18.5 kg/m^(2))presented an increase in all-cause mortality(adjusted hazards ratio[aHR]=2.00,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.66–2.41),while overweight(≥24.0 to<28.0 kg/m^(2))and obesity(≥28.0 kg/m^(2))presented a decrease with an aHR of 0.61(95%CI:0.52–0.73)and 0.51(95%CI:0.37–0.70),respectively.Overweight(aHR=0.76,95%CI:0.67–0.86)and mild obesity(aHR=0.72,95%CI:0.59–0.87)had a positive impact on mortality in people older than 60 years.All-2 cause mortality decreased rapidly until reaching a BMI of 25.7 kg/m(aHR=0.95,95%CI:0.92–0.98)and increased slightly above that value,indicating a U-shaped association.The beneficial impact of being overweight on mortality was robust in most subgroups and sensitivity analyses.Conclusion This study provides additional evidence that overweight and mild obesity may be inversely related to the risk of death in individuals older than 60 years.Therefore,it is essential to consider age differences when formulating health and weight management strategies.展开更多
In recent years,bamboo has been widely used in a broad range of applications,a thorough understanding of the structural characteristics of bamboo nodes is essential for better processing and manufacturing of biomimeti...In recent years,bamboo has been widely used in a broad range of applications,a thorough understanding of the structural characteristics of bamboo nodes is essential for better processing and manufacturing of biomimetic materials.This study investigated the complex anatomical structure for the nodes of two bamboo species,Indocalamus latifolius(Keng)McClure and Shibataea chinensis Nakai,using a high-resolution X-ray microtomography(μCT).The results show that the vascular bundle system in the nodal region of I.latifolius and S.chinensis is a net-like structure composed of horizontal and axial vascular bundles.Furthermore,the fiber sheath surrounding metaxylem vessels tended to be shorter in the tangential direction.This structure of bamboo nodes facilitates the tangential and axial transport of moisture and nutrients.The anatomical structure of I.latifolius and S.chinensis nodes has obvious differences,especially in the arrangement of vascular bundles.Vascular bundle frequency was significantly higher in S.chinensis nodes than in I.latifolius nodes.These findings indicate thatμCT is a nondestructive three-dimensional imaging method that can used to examine the anatomical structure of bamboo nodes.展开更多
This paper introduces the recent progress in methodologies and their related applications based on the soft x-ray interference lithography beamline in the Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility.Dual-beam,multibeam in...This paper introduces the recent progress in methodologies and their related applications based on the soft x-ray interference lithography beamline in the Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility.Dual-beam,multibeam interference lithography and Talbot lithography have been adopted as basic methods in the beamline.To improve the experimental performance,a precise real-time vibration evaluation system has been established;and the lithography stability has been greatly improved.In order to meet the demands for higher resolution and practical application,novel experimental methods have been developed,such as high-order diffraction interference exposure,high-aspect-ratio and large-area stitching exposure,and parallel direct writing achromatic Talbot lithography.As of now,a 25 nm half-pitch pattern has been obtained;and a cm2 exposure area has been achieved in practical samples.The above methods have been applied to extreme ultraviolet photoresist evaluation,photonic crystal and surface plasmonic effect research,and so on.展开更多
Achromatic Talbot lithography(ATL)with high resolution has been demonstrated to be an excellent technique for large area periodic nano-fabrication.In this work,the uniformity of pattern distribution in ATL was studied...Achromatic Talbot lithography(ATL)with high resolution has been demonstrated to be an excellent technique for large area periodic nano-fabrication.In this work,the uniformity of pattern distribution in ATL was studied in detail.Two ATL transmission masks with^50%duty cycle in a square lattice were illuminated by a spatial coherent broadband extreme ultraviolet beam with a relative bandwidth of 2.38%.Nonuniform dot size distribution was observed by experiments and finite-difference time-domain simulations.The sum of the two kinds of diffraction patterns,with different lattice directions(45°rotated)and different intensity distributions,results in the final nonuniform pattern distribution.展开更多
Combining the noncovalent and covalent interactions,a series of peptide amphiphiles were designed de novo and synthesized to architect functional assemblies by means of photochemistry.The strand of peptide sequence wa...Combining the noncovalent and covalent interactions,a series of peptide amphiphiles were designed de novo and synthesized to architect functional assemblies by means of photochemistry.The strand of peptide sequence was structurally capped with photoactive tyrosine-tyrosine(YY)motifs at both termini,and the spacing was filled by alternating of hydrophilic D(L-aspartate)and hydrophobic X(ε-aminocaproic acid)structure.Upon visible-light irradiation,these de novo designed peptides underwent rapid photocrosslinking within merely 10 min.Interestingly,the modulation of alternating D-X pairs in occupying spacer would adjust molecular amphiphilicity,regulate charge distribution,and control particle size and loading capacity of peptide nanospheres(PNS)in aqueous media.With entirely peptide-based matrix,this PNS system could host cationic indicators of fluorescent rhodamine and magnetic GdIII for exemplar near infrared(NIR)fluorescence and magnetic resonance(MR)imaging,which paves a pathway to biomaterial and biomedical applications using de novo designed peptides.展开更多
Essential tremor(ET)is a common neurological disease that is characterized by 4–12 Hz kinetic tremors of the upper limbs and high genetic heterogeneity.Although numerous candidate genes and loci have been reported,th...Essential tremor(ET)is a common neurological disease that is characterized by 4–12 Hz kinetic tremors of the upper limbs and high genetic heterogeneity.Although numerous candidate genes and loci have been reported,the etiology of ET remains unclear.A novel ET-related gene was initially identified in a five-generation family via whole-exome sequencing,and other variants were identified in 772 familial ET probands and 640 sporadic individuals via whole-genome sequencing.Among 71(9.18%)Chinese families and 47(7.34%)sporadic individuals with ET,we identified 15 types of protein-altering variants in solute carrier family 38 member 6(SLC38A6),which encodes sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 6(SNAT6)and is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.Over-expression of mutant SNAT6 for the three most common human mutations(p.Y108F,p.M281T and p.G318S)significantly impaired L-arginine(L-Arg)uptake in HeLa cells.The homozygous Slc38a6 deletion mice(Slc38a6-/-)exhibited reduced L-Arg uptake in their cerebellar neurons,tremor,and cerebellar pathology.Slice electrophysiology revealed reduced neuronal Purkinje cell(PC)excitability and elevated inhibitory synaptic transmission in Slc38a6^(-/-)mice,in line with elevated“hairy”basket coverage around the PC soma.Furthermore,heterozygous Slc38a6 deletion(Slc38a6^(+/-))and PC-specific Slc38a6 deletion(Slc38a6^(PC-/-))mice also displayed tremor and PC abnormalities similar to those found in Slc38a6^(-/-)mice.These PCs displayed mitochondrial abnormalities and elevated ferroptosis markers(ACSL4,TFRC and Fe ions).In conclusion,we identified variants in SLC38A6 that contribute~8.35%to ET,generated mouse models displaying tremor,and delineated cerebellar cellular abnormalities and potential mechanisms underlying ET etiology.展开更多
基金supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)[grant number 2021-I2M-1-037]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 82373647,and 82473697].
文摘Objective This study aimed to explore the association between body mass index(BMI)and mortality based on the 10-year population-based multicenter prospective study.Methods A general population-based multicenter prospective study was conducted at four sites in rural China between 2013 and 2023.Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic spline analyses were used to assess the association between BMI and mortality.Stratified analyses were performed based on the individual characteristics of the participants.Results Overall,19,107 participants with a sum of 163,095 person-years were included and 1,910 participants died.The underweight(<18.5 kg/m^(2))presented an increase in all-cause mortality(adjusted hazards ratio[aHR]=2.00,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.66–2.41),while overweight(≥24.0 to<28.0 kg/m^(2))and obesity(≥28.0 kg/m^(2))presented a decrease with an aHR of 0.61(95%CI:0.52–0.73)and 0.51(95%CI:0.37–0.70),respectively.Overweight(aHR=0.76,95%CI:0.67–0.86)and mild obesity(aHR=0.72,95%CI:0.59–0.87)had a positive impact on mortality in people older than 60 years.All-2 cause mortality decreased rapidly until reaching a BMI of 25.7 kg/m(aHR=0.95,95%CI:0.92–0.98)and increased slightly above that value,indicating a U-shaped association.The beneficial impact of being overweight on mortality was robust in most subgroups and sensitivity analyses.Conclusion This study provides additional evidence that overweight and mild obesity may be inversely related to the risk of death in individuals older than 60 years.Therefore,it is essential to consider age differences when formulating health and weight management strategies.
基金This research was funded by the Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31670565)the National Key Research&Development Program(No.2016YFD0600904).
文摘In recent years,bamboo has been widely used in a broad range of applications,a thorough understanding of the structural characteristics of bamboo nodes is essential for better processing and manufacturing of biomimetic materials.This study investigated the complex anatomical structure for the nodes of two bamboo species,Indocalamus latifolius(Keng)McClure and Shibataea chinensis Nakai,using a high-resolution X-ray microtomography(μCT).The results show that the vascular bundle system in the nodal region of I.latifolius and S.chinensis is a net-like structure composed of horizontal and axial vascular bundles.Furthermore,the fiber sheath surrounding metaxylem vessels tended to be shorter in the tangential direction.This structure of bamboo nodes facilitates the tangential and axial transport of moisture and nutrients.The anatomical structure of I.latifolius and S.chinensis nodes has obvious differences,especially in the arrangement of vascular bundles.Vascular bundle frequency was significantly higher in S.chinensis nodes than in I.latifolius nodes.These findings indicate thatμCT is a nondestructive three-dimensional imaging method that can used to examine the anatomical structure of bamboo nodes.
基金This work was performed at the SSRF XIL beamline(BL08U1B)Financial support was provided by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0206001)+1 种基金the National Key Basic Research Program of the China Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(17JC1400802)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11775291,11875314).
文摘This paper introduces the recent progress in methodologies and their related applications based on the soft x-ray interference lithography beamline in the Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility.Dual-beam,multibeam interference lithography and Talbot lithography have been adopted as basic methods in the beamline.To improve the experimental performance,a precise real-time vibration evaluation system has been established;and the lithography stability has been greatly improved.In order to meet the demands for higher resolution and practical application,novel experimental methods have been developed,such as high-order diffraction interference exposure,high-aspect-ratio and large-area stitching exposure,and parallel direct writing achromatic Talbot lithography.As of now,a 25 nm half-pitch pattern has been obtained;and a cm2 exposure area has been achieved in practical samples.The above methods have been applied to extreme ultraviolet photoresist evaluation,photonic crystal and surface plasmonic effect research,and so on.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFA0206001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11505275,51705369,11275255,11475251,and 11875314)the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission Research Projects(No.17JC1400802)
文摘Achromatic Talbot lithography(ATL)with high resolution has been demonstrated to be an excellent technique for large area periodic nano-fabrication.In this work,the uniformity of pattern distribution in ATL was studied in detail.Two ATL transmission masks with^50%duty cycle in a square lattice were illuminated by a spatial coherent broadband extreme ultraviolet beam with a relative bandwidth of 2.38%.Nonuniform dot size distribution was observed by experiments and finite-difference time-domain simulations.The sum of the two kinds of diffraction patterns,with different lattice directions(45°rotated)and different intensity distributions,results in the final nonuniform pattern distribution.
基金supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.2222051)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81973442).
文摘Combining the noncovalent and covalent interactions,a series of peptide amphiphiles were designed de novo and synthesized to architect functional assemblies by means of photochemistry.The strand of peptide sequence was structurally capped with photoactive tyrosine-tyrosine(YY)motifs at both termini,and the spacing was filled by alternating of hydrophilic D(L-aspartate)and hydrophobic X(ε-aminocaproic acid)structure.Upon visible-light irradiation,these de novo designed peptides underwent rapid photocrosslinking within merely 10 min.Interestingly,the modulation of alternating D-X pairs in occupying spacer would adjust molecular amphiphilicity,regulate charge distribution,and control particle size and loading capacity of peptide nanospheres(PNS)in aqueous media.With entirely peptide-based matrix,this PNS system could host cationic indicators of fluorescent rhodamine and magnetic GdIII for exemplar near infrared(NIR)fluorescence and magnetic resonance(MR)imaging,which paves a pathway to biomaterial and biomedical applications using de novo designed peptides.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants U20A20355 and 32270663)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant 2024M762007 and Postdoctoral Fellowship Program Grade B GZB20240453)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2018SHZDZX05).
文摘Essential tremor(ET)is a common neurological disease that is characterized by 4–12 Hz kinetic tremors of the upper limbs and high genetic heterogeneity.Although numerous candidate genes and loci have been reported,the etiology of ET remains unclear.A novel ET-related gene was initially identified in a five-generation family via whole-exome sequencing,and other variants were identified in 772 familial ET probands and 640 sporadic individuals via whole-genome sequencing.Among 71(9.18%)Chinese families and 47(7.34%)sporadic individuals with ET,we identified 15 types of protein-altering variants in solute carrier family 38 member 6(SLC38A6),which encodes sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 6(SNAT6)and is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.Over-expression of mutant SNAT6 for the three most common human mutations(p.Y108F,p.M281T and p.G318S)significantly impaired L-arginine(L-Arg)uptake in HeLa cells.The homozygous Slc38a6 deletion mice(Slc38a6-/-)exhibited reduced L-Arg uptake in their cerebellar neurons,tremor,and cerebellar pathology.Slice electrophysiology revealed reduced neuronal Purkinje cell(PC)excitability and elevated inhibitory synaptic transmission in Slc38a6^(-/-)mice,in line with elevated“hairy”basket coverage around the PC soma.Furthermore,heterozygous Slc38a6 deletion(Slc38a6^(+/-))and PC-specific Slc38a6 deletion(Slc38a6^(PC-/-))mice also displayed tremor and PC abnormalities similar to those found in Slc38a6^(-/-)mice.These PCs displayed mitochondrial abnormalities and elevated ferroptosis markers(ACSL4,TFRC and Fe ions).In conclusion,we identified variants in SLC38A6 that contribute~8.35%to ET,generated mouse models displaying tremor,and delineated cerebellar cellular abnormalities and potential mechanisms underlying ET etiology.
