Magnaporthe oryzae is the causal agent of rice blast. Glycosylation plays key roles in vegetative growth,development, and infection of M. oryzae. However, several glycosylation-related genes have not been characterize...Magnaporthe oryzae is the causal agent of rice blast. Glycosylation plays key roles in vegetative growth,development, and infection of M. oryzae. However, several glycosylation-related genes have not been characterized.In this study, we identified a Glyco_transf_22 domain-containing protein, MoAlg9, and found that MoAlg9 islocalized to the endoplasmic reticulum(ER). Deletion of MoALG9 significantly affected conidial production, normalappressorium formation, responses to stressors, and pathogenicity of M. oryzae. We also found that the ΔMoalg9mutant was defective in glycogen utilization, appressorial penetration, and invasive growth in host cells. Moreover,we further demonstrated that MoALG9 regulates the transcription of several target genes involved in conidiation,appressorium formation, and cell wall integrity. In addition, we found that the Glyco_transf_22 domain is essentialfor normal MoAlg9 function and localization. We also provide evidence that MoAlg9 is involved in N-glycosylationpathway in M. oryzae. Taken together, these results show that MoAlg9 is important for conidiation, appressoriumformation, maintenance of cell wall integrity, and the pathogenesis of M. oryzae.展开更多
Rice blast,caused by Magnaporthe oryzae,is a fungal disease that causes devastating damage to rice production worldwide.During infection,pathogens secrete effector proteins that modulate plant immunity.Disulfide bond ...Rice blast,caused by Magnaporthe oryzae,is a fungal disease that causes devastating damage to rice production worldwide.During infection,pathogens secrete effector proteins that modulate plant immunity.Disulfide bond formation catalyzed by protein disulfide isomerases(PDI)is essential for protein folding and maturation.However,the biological function of Pdi1 in M.oryzae has not yet been characterized.In this study,we identified the endoplasmic reticulum(ER)-located protein,MoPdi1,in M.oryzae.MoPdi1 regulates conidiation,cell wall stress,and pathogenicity of M.oryzae.Furthermore,the CGHC active sites in the a and a'redox domain of MoPdi1 were essential for the biological function of MoPDI1.Further tests demonstrated that MoPdi1 was involved in the regulation of ER stress and positively regulated ER phagy.We also found that MoPdi1 interacted with MoHut1.Deletion of MoPDI1 led to the bereft of MoHut1 dimerization,which depends on the formation of disulfide bonds.In addition,MoPdi1 affected the normal secretion of the cytoplasmic effector AVR-Pia.We provided evidence that MoHut1 is important for the vegetative growth,conidiation,and pathogenicity in M.oryzae.Therefore,our findings could provide a suitable target point for designing antifungal agrochemicals against rice blast fungus.展开更多
Malignant hyperthermia(MH) is a rare and life-threatening pharmacogenetic disorder triggered by volatile anesthetics, the depolarizing muscle relaxant succinylcholine, and rarely by strenuous exercise or environmental...Malignant hyperthermia(MH) is a rare and life-threatening pharmacogenetic disorder triggered by volatile anesthetics, the depolarizing muscle relaxant succinylcholine, and rarely by strenuous exercise or environmental heat. The exact prevalence of MH is unknown, and it varies from 1:16 000 in Denmark to 1:100 000 in New York State. The underlying mechanism of MH is excessive calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum(SR),leading to uncontrolled skeletal muscle hyper-metabolism. Genetic mutations in ryanodine receptor type 1(RYR1)and CACNA1 S have been identified in approximately 50% to 86% and 1% of MH-susceptible(MHS) individuals,respectively. Classic clinical symptoms of MH include hypercarbia, sinus tachycardia, masseter spasm,hyperthermia, acidosis, muscle rigidity, hyperkalemia, myoglobinuria, and etc. There are two types of testing for MH: a genetic test and a contracture test. Contracture testing is still being considered as the gold standard for MH diagnosis. Dantrolene is the only available drug approved for the treatment of MH through suppressing the calcium release from SR. Since clinical symptoms of MH are highly variable, it can be difficult to establish a diagnosis of MH. Nevertheless, prompt diagnosis and treatments are crucial to avoid a fatal outcome. Therefore, it is very important for anesthesiologists to raise awareness and understand the characteristics of MH. This review summarizes epidemiology, clinical symptoms, diagnosis and treatments of MH and any new developments.展开更多
Put geosynthetic clay liners around underground oil-gas pipelines can reduce the potential damage to environment but it will also affect the distribution of cathodic protection current. Geosynthetic clay liners can be...Put geosynthetic clay liners around underground oil-gas pipelines can reduce the potential damage to environment but it will also affect the distribution of cathodic protection current. Geosynthetic clay liners can be regarded as anisotropic soil structure and the potential distribution on the pipeline between two adjacent cathodic protection stations was calculated based on boundary element method (BEM). The calculation results indicate that potential distribution on the pipeline with geosynthetic clay liner is lower than before. A 1500 m built pipeline with geosynthetic clay liners was selected to be calculated and to perform field test, which shows that the calculation results tally well with the field test results and the validity of the arithmetic in this paper was verified.展开更多
Three-level Neutral-Point-Clamped(NPC)voltage source inverters(VSIs)have been widely used in application of medium-voltage high-power induction motor drives.Due to the limitation of a switching frequency of several hu...Three-level Neutral-Point-Clamped(NPC)voltage source inverters(VSIs)have been widely used in application of medium-voltage high-power induction motor drives.Due to the limitation of a switching frequency of several hundred Hz in the high-power drive application,a 4-segment synchronized SVPWM scheme is adopted to reduce output current ripple.However,in the overmodulation region,the 4-segment synchronized SVPWM scheme shows high computation complexity and high current THD.Thus,this paper presents an optimized 4-segment synchronized overmodulation scheme with the advantages of low current harmonics and simple digital realization.Optimized and conventional 4-segment synchronized SVPWM schemes are compared and verified in experimental tests.Experimental results prove the proposed scheme can achieve lower current harmonics and computational burden in the overmodulation region,compared with traditional schemes.展开更多
光纤复合架空地线(OPGW)故障频发的原因与光缆局部受到的应力有直接关系,为了实现对OPGW光缆的在线应变监测,搭建了长距离布里渊光时域分析(BOTDA)和布里渊光时域反射(BOTDR)系统,并对重覆冰区域运行年限超过15年的在运95.14 km OPGW进...光纤复合架空地线(OPGW)故障频发的原因与光缆局部受到的应力有直接关系,为了实现对OPGW光缆的在线应变监测,搭建了长距离布里渊光时域分析(BOTDA)和布里渊光时域反射(BOTDR)系统,并对重覆冰区域运行年限超过15年的在运95.14 km OPGW进行了应变检测和分析。通过对同一段光缆的对比测量,结果表明:BOTDA系统具有更长的测量距离、更高的空间分辨率与更高的测量精度,能准确辨别引下线并识别零应变参考点,可以实现温度和应变信息的准确分离。在两个站点的距离超过BOTDA系统的测量量程时,可以使用BOTDR系统从光缆两端分别测量以覆盖全部光缆。同时,BOTDR系统展现出单端测量的优势,在断纤故障发生时,BOTDR系统可不影响断点之前的线路测量。在同一条OPGW光缆线路上通过多维度的对比,分析了两种技术在OPGW光缆监测中的优劣势,为分布式光纤传感技术在电力系统中的应用提供参考。展开更多
Topological insulators （TIs） are a new state of quantum matter with a band gap in bulk and conducting surface states. In this work, the Raman spectra of topological insulator Bi2Te3 films prepared by molecular beam ...Topological insulators （TIs） are a new state of quantum matter with a band gap in bulk and conducting surface states. In this work, the Raman spectra of topological insulator Bi2Te3 films prepared by molecular beam epitaxy （MBE） have been measured by an in situ ultrahigh vacuum （UHV）-MBE-Raman spectroscopy system. When the thickness of Bi2Te3 films decreases from 40 quintuple-layers （QL） to 1 QL, the spectral characteristics of some Raman modes appearing in bulk Bi2Te3 vary and a new vibrational mode appears, which has not been reported in previous studies and might be related to quantum size effects and symmetry breaking. In addition, an obvious change was observed at 3 QL when a Dirac cone formed. These results offer some new information about the novel quantum states of TIs.展开更多
Tumor-derived circulating exosomes(TDEs)are being pursued as informative and noninvasive biomarkers.However,quantitatively detecting TDEs is still challenging.Herein,we constructed a DNA tetrahedral-structured probe(T...Tumor-derived circulating exosomes(TDEs)are being pursued as informative and noninvasive biomarkers.However,quantitatively detecting TDEs is still challenging.Herein,we constructed a DNA tetrahedral-structured probe(TSP)-mediated microfluidic magnetic detection system(μFMS)to provide a rapid and sensitive platform for analyzing TDEs.CD63 aptamer-modified Fe_(3)O_(4)magnetic nanoparticles(MNPs)were constructed to form magnetic nano-report probes(MNRs).The microfluidic chips were fabricated from glass functionalized with DNA TSP-modified aldehyde groups and a PDMS layer designed with serpentine microchannels.An induction coil-based magnetic detector was used to measure the magnetic signal.The linear dynamic range of theμFMS system for TDE assays was 1.98×10^(3)-1.98×10^(7)particles/mL with a limit of detection of 1.98×10^(3)particles/mL in PBS.There was no significant difference in TDE detection between the simulated serum and PBS,which indicated the feasibility of the constructedμFMS system for TDE analysis in complex biological systems.In terms of cost,reaction time and operation procedure,thisμFMS has the potential to be developed as a clinical point-of-care testing tool for cancer diagnosis and therapeutics.展开更多
The Raman spectra of two one-dimensional silicon nanowire samples with different excitation wavelengths were measured and an abnormal phenomenon was discovered that the Raman spectral features change with the waveleng...The Raman spectra of two one-dimensional silicon nanowire samples with different excitation wavelengths were measured and an abnormal phenomenon was discovered that the Raman spectral features change with the wavelengths of excitation. Closer analysis of the crystalline structure of samples and the changes in Raman spectral features showed that the abnormal behavior is the result of resonance Raman scattering selection effect.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32202253)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Higher Education Institutions, China (KJ2020A0102)the Talent Research Project of Anhui Agricultural University, China (rc342001)。
文摘Magnaporthe oryzae is the causal agent of rice blast. Glycosylation plays key roles in vegetative growth,development, and infection of M. oryzae. However, several glycosylation-related genes have not been characterized.In this study, we identified a Glyco_transf_22 domain-containing protein, MoAlg9, and found that MoAlg9 islocalized to the endoplasmic reticulum(ER). Deletion of MoALG9 significantly affected conidial production, normalappressorium formation, responses to stressors, and pathogenicity of M. oryzae. We also found that the ΔMoalg9mutant was defective in glycogen utilization, appressorial penetration, and invasive growth in host cells. Moreover,we further demonstrated that MoALG9 regulates the transcription of several target genes involved in conidiation,appressorium formation, and cell wall integrity. In addition, we found that the Glyco_transf_22 domain is essentialfor normal MoAlg9 function and localization. We also provide evidence that MoAlg9 is involved in N-glycosylationpathway in M. oryzae. Taken together, these results show that MoAlg9 is important for conidiation, appressoriumformation, maintenance of cell wall integrity, and the pathogenesis of M. oryzae.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32202253)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Higher Education Institutions,China(KJ2020A0102)the Talent Research Project of Anhui Agricultural University,China(rc342001)。
文摘Rice blast,caused by Magnaporthe oryzae,is a fungal disease that causes devastating damage to rice production worldwide.During infection,pathogens secrete effector proteins that modulate plant immunity.Disulfide bond formation catalyzed by protein disulfide isomerases(PDI)is essential for protein folding and maturation.However,the biological function of Pdi1 in M.oryzae has not yet been characterized.In this study,we identified the endoplasmic reticulum(ER)-located protein,MoPdi1,in M.oryzae.MoPdi1 regulates conidiation,cell wall stress,and pathogenicity of M.oryzae.Furthermore,the CGHC active sites in the a and a'redox domain of MoPdi1 were essential for the biological function of MoPDI1.Further tests demonstrated that MoPdi1 was involved in the regulation of ER stress and positively regulated ER phagy.We also found that MoPdi1 interacted with MoHut1.Deletion of MoPDI1 led to the bereft of MoHut1 dimerization,which depends on the formation of disulfide bonds.In addition,MoPdi1 affected the normal secretion of the cytoplasmic effector AVR-Pia.We provided evidence that MoHut1 is important for the vegetative growth,conidiation,and pathogenicity in M.oryzae.Therefore,our findings could provide a suitable target point for designing antifungal agrochemicals against rice blast fungus.
基金supported by the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and NIH grant(No.UL1 TR001860)of the University of California Davis Health.
文摘Malignant hyperthermia(MH) is a rare and life-threatening pharmacogenetic disorder triggered by volatile anesthetics, the depolarizing muscle relaxant succinylcholine, and rarely by strenuous exercise or environmental heat. The exact prevalence of MH is unknown, and it varies from 1:16 000 in Denmark to 1:100 000 in New York State. The underlying mechanism of MH is excessive calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum(SR),leading to uncontrolled skeletal muscle hyper-metabolism. Genetic mutations in ryanodine receptor type 1(RYR1)and CACNA1 S have been identified in approximately 50% to 86% and 1% of MH-susceptible(MHS) individuals,respectively. Classic clinical symptoms of MH include hypercarbia, sinus tachycardia, masseter spasm,hyperthermia, acidosis, muscle rigidity, hyperkalemia, myoglobinuria, and etc. There are two types of testing for MH: a genetic test and a contracture test. Contracture testing is still being considered as the gold standard for MH diagnosis. Dantrolene is the only available drug approved for the treatment of MH through suppressing the calcium release from SR. Since clinical symptoms of MH are highly variable, it can be difficult to establish a diagnosis of MH. Nevertheless, prompt diagnosis and treatments are crucial to avoid a fatal outcome. Therefore, it is very important for anesthesiologists to raise awareness and understand the characteristics of MH. This review summarizes epidemiology, clinical symptoms, diagnosis and treatments of MH and any new developments.
文摘Put geosynthetic clay liners around underground oil-gas pipelines can reduce the potential damage to environment but it will also affect the distribution of cathodic protection current. Geosynthetic clay liners can be regarded as anisotropic soil structure and the potential distribution on the pipeline between two adjacent cathodic protection stations was calculated based on boundary element method (BEM). The calculation results indicate that potential distribution on the pipeline with geosynthetic clay liner is lower than before. A 1500 m built pipeline with geosynthetic clay liners was selected to be calculated and to perform field test, which shows that the calculation results tally well with the field test results and the validity of the arithmetic in this paper was verified.
文摘Three-level Neutral-Point-Clamped(NPC)voltage source inverters(VSIs)have been widely used in application of medium-voltage high-power induction motor drives.Due to the limitation of a switching frequency of several hundred Hz in the high-power drive application,a 4-segment synchronized SVPWM scheme is adopted to reduce output current ripple.However,in the overmodulation region,the 4-segment synchronized SVPWM scheme shows high computation complexity and high current THD.Thus,this paper presents an optimized 4-segment synchronized overmodulation scheme with the advantages of low current harmonics and simple digital realization.Optimized and conventional 4-segment synchronized SVPWM schemes are compared and verified in experimental tests.Experimental results prove the proposed scheme can achieve lower current harmonics and computational burden in the overmodulation region,compared with traditional schemes.
文摘光纤复合架空地线(OPGW)故障频发的原因与光缆局部受到的应力有直接关系,为了实现对OPGW光缆的在线应变监测,搭建了长距离布里渊光时域分析(BOTDA)和布里渊光时域反射(BOTDR)系统,并对重覆冰区域运行年限超过15年的在运95.14 km OPGW进行了应变检测和分析。通过对同一段光缆的对比测量,结果表明:BOTDA系统具有更长的测量距离、更高的空间分辨率与更高的测量精度,能准确辨别引下线并识别零应变参考点,可以实现温度和应变信息的准确分离。在两个站点的距离超过BOTDA系统的测量量程时,可以使用BOTDR系统从光缆两端分别测量以覆盖全部光缆。同时,BOTDR系统展现出单端测量的优势,在断纤故障发生时,BOTDR系统可不影响断点之前的线路测量。在同一条OPGW光缆线路上通过多维度的对比,分析了两种技术在OPGW光缆监测中的优劣势,为分布式光纤传感技术在电力系统中的应用提供参考。
文摘Topological insulators （TIs） are a new state of quantum matter with a band gap in bulk and conducting surface states. In this work, the Raman spectra of topological insulator Bi2Te3 films prepared by molecular beam epitaxy （MBE） have been measured by an in situ ultrahigh vacuum （UHV）-MBE-Raman spectroscopy system. When the thickness of Bi2Te3 films decreases from 40 quintuple-layers （QL） to 1 QL, the spectral characteristics of some Raman modes appearing in bulk Bi2Te3 vary and a new vibrational mode appears, which has not been reported in previous studies and might be related to quantum size effects and symmetry breaking. In addition, an obvious change was observed at 3 QL when a Dirac cone formed. These results offer some new information about the novel quantum states of TIs.
基金funded by the Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader,grant number 20xD 1404600Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission,grant numbers 20511107600 and 19511107102+1 种基金Chinese Academy of Science,grant number KFJ-STS-QYZD-20210-08-002National Key Research and Development Program of China,grant number 2016YFC0100600.
文摘Tumor-derived circulating exosomes(TDEs)are being pursued as informative and noninvasive biomarkers.However,quantitatively detecting TDEs is still challenging.Herein,we constructed a DNA tetrahedral-structured probe(TSP)-mediated microfluidic magnetic detection system(μFMS)to provide a rapid and sensitive platform for analyzing TDEs.CD63 aptamer-modified Fe_(3)O_(4)magnetic nanoparticles(MNPs)were constructed to form magnetic nano-report probes(MNRs).The microfluidic chips were fabricated from glass functionalized with DNA TSP-modified aldehyde groups and a PDMS layer designed with serpentine microchannels.An induction coil-based magnetic detector was used to measure the magnetic signal.The linear dynamic range of theμFMS system for TDE assays was 1.98×10^(3)-1.98×10^(7)particles/mL with a limit of detection of 1.98×10^(3)particles/mL in PBS.There was no significant difference in TDE detection between the simulated serum and PBS,which indicated the feasibility of the constructedμFMS system for TDE analysis in complex biological systems.In terms of cost,reaction time and operation procedure,thisμFMS has the potential to be developed as a clinical point-of-care testing tool for cancer diagnosis and therapeutics.
文摘The Raman spectra of two one-dimensional silicon nanowire samples with different excitation wavelengths were measured and an abnormal phenomenon was discovered that the Raman spectral features change with the wavelengths of excitation. Closer analysis of the crystalline structure of samples and the changes in Raman spectral features showed that the abnormal behavior is the result of resonance Raman scattering selection effect.
