Pancreatic stem cells were isolated and cultured from aborted human fetal pancreases of gestational age 14-20 weeks. They were seeded at a density of 1 × 104 in serum-free media for differentiation into neuron-li...Pancreatic stem cells were isolated and cultured from aborted human fetal pancreases of gestational age 14-20 weeks. They were seeded at a density of 1 × 104 in serum-free media for differentiation into neuron-like cells, expressing β-tubulin III and glial fibrillary acidic protein. These neuron-like cells displayed a synapse-like morphology and appeared to form a neuronal network. Pancreatic stem cells were also seeded at a density of 1 × 105 for differentiation into islet-like cells, expressing insulin and glucagon, with an islet-like morphology. These cells had glucose-stimulated secretion of human insulin and C-peptide. Results suggest that pancreatic stem cells can be differentiated into neuron-like and islet-like cells.展开更多
The aim of this study was to explore the associations of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity(MVPA)time and sedentary(SED)time with a history of cardiovascular disease(CVD)and multifactorial(i.e.,blood pre...The aim of this study was to explore the associations of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity(MVPA)time and sedentary(SED)time with a history of cardiovascular disease(CVD)and multifactorial(i.e.,blood pressure(BP),body mass index(BMI),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),and glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c))control status among type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients in China.A cross-sectional analysis of 9152 people with type 2 diabetes from the Multifactorial Intervention on Type 2 Diabetes(MIDiab)study was performed.Patients were grouped according to their self-reported MVPA time(low,<150 min·week−1;moderate,150 to<450 min·week−1;high,≥450 min·week−1)and SED time(low,<4 h·d–1;moderate,4 to<8 h·d–1;high,≥8 h·d–1).Participants who self-reported a history of CVD were identified as having a CVD risk.Odds ratios(ORs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs)of CVD risk and multifactorial control status associated with MVPA time and SED time were estimated using mixed-effect logistic regression models,adjusting for China’s geographical region characteristics.The participants had a mean±standard deviation(SD)age of(60.87±8.44)years,44.5%were women,and 25.1%had CVD.After adjustment for potential confounding factors,an inverse association between high MVPA time and CVD risk that was independent of SED time was found,whereas this association was not observed in the moderate-MVPA group.A higher MVPA time was more likely to have a positive effect on the control of BMI.Compared with the reference group(i.e.,those with MVPA time≥450 min·week−1 and SED time<4 h·d–1),CVD risk was higher in the low-MVPA group:The OR associated with an SED time<4 h·d–1 was 1.270(95%CI,1.040–1.553)and that associated with an SED time≥8 h·d–1 was 1.499(95%CI,1.149–1.955).We found that a high MVPA time(i.e.,≥450 min·week−1)was associated with lower odds of CVD risk regardless of SED time among patients with T2DM.展开更多
The two-dimensional (2D) structure of layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) provides unusual physical properties [1,2]and chemical reactivity [3,4], which can be influenced by defects such as dislocations [5...The two-dimensional (2D) structure of layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) provides unusual physical properties [1,2]and chemical reactivity [3,4], which can be influenced by defects such as dislocations [5,6]. For example, dislocations can act as nucleation sites for the onset of deformation when subjected to stress [7].展开更多
In the scope of developing new electrochemical concepts to build batteries with high energy density,chloride ion batteries(CIBs)have emerged as a candidate for the next generation of novel electrochemical energy stora...In the scope of developing new electrochemical concepts to build batteries with high energy density,chloride ion batteries(CIBs)have emerged as a candidate for the next generation of novel electrochemical energy storage technologies,which show the potential in matching or even surpassing the current lithium metal batteries in terms of energy density,dendrite-free safety,and elimination of the dependence on the strained lithium and cobalt resources.However,the development of CIBs is still at the initial stage with unsatisfactory performance and several challenges have hindered them from reaching commercialization.In this review,we examine the current advances of CIBs by considering the electrode material design to the electrolyte,thus outlining the new opportunities of aqueous CIBs especially combined with desalination,chloride redox battery,etc.With respect to the developing road of lithium ion and fluoride ion batteries,the possibility of using solid-state chloride ion conductors to replace liquid electrolytes is tentatively discussed.Going beyond,perspectives and clear suggestions are concluded by highlighting the major obstacles and by prescribing specific research topics to inspire more efforts for CIBs in large-scale energy storage applications.展开更多
Being parent materials of two-dimensional (2D) crystals, van der Waals layered materials have received revived interest. In most 2D materials, the interaction between electrons is negligible. Introducing the interacti...Being parent materials of two-dimensional (2D) crystals, van der Waals layered materials have received revived interest. In most 2D materials, the interaction between electrons is negligible. Introducing the interaction can give rise to a variety of exotic properties. Here, via intercalating a van der Waals layered compound VS2, we find evidence for electron correlation by extensive magnetic, thermal, electrical, and thermoelectric characterizations. The low temperature Sommerfeld coefficient is 64 mJ·K-2·mol-1 and the Kadowaki-Woods ratio rKW^0.20a0. Both supports an enhancement of the electron correlation. The temperature dependences of the resistivity and thermopower indicate an important role played by the Kondo effect. The Kondo temperature TK is estimated to be around 8 K. Our results suggest intercalation as a potential means to engineer the electron correlation in van der Waals materials, as well as 2D materials.展开更多
Aqueous phase reforming (APR) of biomass derived feedstock producing hydrogen was reviewed. The APR process was discussed based on different feedstock categories such as sugars, polyols and ethanol. The mechanism of A...Aqueous phase reforming (APR) of biomass derived feedstock producing hydrogen was reviewed. The APR process was discussed based on different feedstock categories such as sugars, polyols and ethanol. The mechanism of APR was analyzed referring to different structures of feedstock. The reaction pathways of APR were investigated. The usage of catalysts should be judged by feedstock on the requirement including C-C bond cleavage, water-gas shift (WGS) reaction, and catalyst maintenance. The prospects were concluded based on the recent works from bimetallic catalysts and high efficient supports. Examples of significant challenges of reducing catalyst cost and increasing catalyst stability have been discussed. The modification and utilization of alkane selectivity of APR processes for liquid fuel production was also investigated.展开更多
Fabrication of large-area atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides is of critical importance for the preparation of new heterojunction-based devices.In this paper, we report the fabrication and optical investi...Fabrication of large-area atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides is of critical importance for the preparation of new heterojunction-based devices.In this paper, we report the fabrication and optical investigation of large-scale chemical vapor deposition(CVD)-grown monolayer MoS2 and exfoliated few-layer GaS heterojunctions.As revealed by photoluminescence(PL) characterization, the as-fabricated heterojunctions demonstrated edge interaction between the two layers.The heterojunction was sensitive to annealing and showed increased interaction upon annealing at 300℃ under vacuum conditions, which led to changes in both the emission peak position and intensity resulting from the strong coupling interaction between the two layers.Low-temperature PL measurements further confirmed the strong coupling interaction.In addition, defect-related GaS luminescence was observed in our few-layer GaS, and the PL mapping provided evidence of edge interaction coupling between the two layers.These findings are interesting and provide the basis for creating new material systems with rich functionalities and novel physical effects.展开更多
Thinning is an effective management step for sustainable forest development,yet less attention is paid to the restoration of soil microbiota after thinning.In this study,both abundant and rare soil microbial communiti...Thinning is an effective management step for sustainable forest development,yet less attention is paid to the restoration of soil microbiota after thinning.In this study,both abundant and rare soil microbial communities(i.e.,bacterial,fungal),were evaluated under various thinning treatments in a mixed stand of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Sassafras tzumu using Mi Seq sequencing.Thinning did not significantly change either abundant or rare bacterial and fungal community composition,but affected their alpha diversity.The Shannon–Wiener indexes of rare fungal taxa under medium thinning were significantly lower than in the light thinning(P<0.05 level).Xanthobacteraceae dominated the abundant bacterial taxa,and Saitozyma and Mortierlla the abundant fungal taxa.The most common rare bacterial taxa varied;there was no prevalent rare fungal taxa under different thinnings.In addition,soil available nitrogen,total phosphorus,and p H had significant effects on rare bacterial taxa.Nutrients,especially available phosphorus,but not nitrogen,affected abundant and rare soil fungi.The results indicate that soil properties rather than plant factors affect abundant and rare microbial communities in soils of mixed stands.Thinning,through mediating soil properties,influences both abundant and rare bacterial and fungal communities in the mixed C.lanceolata and S.tzumu stand.展开更多
The concept of Industrial Biosystems Engineering (IBsE) was suggested as a new engineering branch to be developed for meeting the needs for science, technology and professionals by the upcoming bioeconomy. With emphas...The concept of Industrial Biosystems Engineering (IBsE) was suggested as a new engineering branch to be developed for meeting the needs for science, technology and professionals by the upcoming bioeconomy. With emphasis on systems, IBsE builds upon the interfaces between systems biology, bioprocessing, and systems engineering. This paper discussed the background, the suggested definition, the theoretical framework and methodologies of this new discipline as well as its challenges and future development.展开更多
Formation of excessive sludge and fuel filter clogging were experienced in using biodiesel blends under marine environment. In this study, a field test was conducted in a marine ferry boat fueled by canola-based biodi...Formation of excessive sludge and fuel filter clogging were experienced in using biodiesel blends under marine environment. In this study, a field test was conducted in a marine ferry boat fueled by canola-based biodiesel blends. The sludge materials collected in the fuel purifier were characterized using inductively coupled plasma (ICP), pyrolysis-GC/MS (Py-GC/MS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Karl-Fischer titration. It was found that the sludge materials consisted of four distinctive fractions: organic materials derived from diesel and canola biodiesel (major fraction), ash (11-14% w/w), water (~17% w/w), and bacteria. The active bacteria were present in the sludge samples. It was suggested that bacterial contamination was one of the major factors in contribution to the sludge formation.展开更多
High-quality genome information is essential for efficiently deciphering and improving crop traits.Here,we report a highly contiguous and accurate hexaploid genome assembly for the key wheat breeding parent Zhou8425B,...High-quality genome information is essential for efficiently deciphering and improving crop traits.Here,we report a highly contiguous and accurate hexaploid genome assembly for the key wheat breeding parent Zhou8425B,an elite 1BL/1RS translocation line with durable adult plant resistance(APR)against yellow rust(YR)disease.By integrating HiFi and Hi-C sequencing reads,we have generated a 14.75-Gb genome assembly for Zhou8425B with a contig N50 of 70.94 and a scaffold N50 of 735.11 Mb.Comparisons with previously sequenced common wheat cultivars shed light on structural changes in the 1RS chromosome arm,which has been extensively used in wheat improvement.Interestingly,Zhou8425B 1RS carries more genes encoding AP2/ERF-ERF or B3 transcription factors than its counterparts in four previously sequenced wheat and rye genotypes.The Zhou8425B genome assembly aided in the fine mapping of a new APR locus(YrZH3BS)that confers resistance to YR disease and promotes grain yield under field conditions.Notably,pyramiding YrZH3BS with two previously characterized APR loci(YrZH22 and YrZH84)can further reduce YR severity and enhance grain yield,with the triple combination(YrZH3B+YrZH22+YrZH84)having the greatest effect.Finally,the founder genotype effects of Zhou8425B were explored using publicly available genome resequencing data,which reveals the presence of important Zhou8425B genomic blocks in its derivative cultivars.Our data demonstrate the value of the Zhou8425B genome assembly for further study of the structural and functional characteristics of 1RS,the genetic basis of durable YR resistance,and founder genotype effects in wheat breeding.Our resources will facilitate the development of elite wheat cultivars through genomics-assisted breeding.展开更多
The increasing use of traditional agricultural plastic mulch films(PMs)has raised significant environ-mental concerns,prompting the search for sustainable alternatives.Soil-biodegradable mulch films(BDMs)are often pro...The increasing use of traditional agricultural plastic mulch films(PMs)has raised significant environ-mental concerns,prompting the search for sustainable alternatives.Soil-biodegradable mulch films(BDMs)are often proposed as eco-friendly replacements;however,their widespread adoption remains contentious.This review employs a comparative life cycle assessment perspective to evaluate the environmental impact of PMs and BDMs across their production,use,and end-of-life stages,providing strategies to mitigate their impact on agroecosystems.BDMs generally exhibit lower energy use and greenhouse gas emissions than PMs but contribute to greater land-use demands.Reported eutrophica-tion and acidification potentials are less consistent,varying based on feedstock types and the scope of assessment of BDM,as well as the end-of-life management of PM.The environmental burden of both mulch types is influenced by the life cycle stage,polymer composition,farming practices,additives,film thickness,and local climatic conditions.The manufacturing stage is a major contributor to energy use and greenhouse gas emissions for both PMs and BDMs,despite their shared benefits of increasing crop yields.However,post-use impacts are more pronounced for PMs,driven by end-of-life strategy and adsorbed waste content.While starch-based BDMs offer a more sustainable alternative to PMs,un-certainties regarding the residence time of BDM residues in soil(albeit shorter than PM residues)and their effects on soil health,coupled with higher production costs,impede widespread adoption.For BDM end-of-life,soil biodegradation is recommended.Energy and material recovery options are crucial for PM end-of-life,with mechanical recycling preferred,although it requires addressing eutrophication and human toxicity.This review discusses these complexities within specific contexts and provides action-able insights to guide the sustainable integration of mulch films into agricultural practices.展开更多
Detecting and diagnosing neurological diseases in modern healthcare presents substantial challenges that directly impact patient outcomes.The complex nature of these conditions demands precise and quantitative monitor...Detecting and diagnosing neurological diseases in modern healthcare presents substantial challenges that directly impact patient outcomes.The complex nature of these conditions demands precise and quantitative monitoring of disease-associated biomarkers in a continuous,real-time manner.Current chemical sensing strategies exhibit restricted clinical effectiveness due to labor-intensive laboratory analysis prerequisites,dependence on clinician expertise,and prolonged and recurrent interventions.Bio-integrated electronics for chemical sensing is an emerging,multidisciplinary field enabled by rapid advances in electrical engineering,biosensing,materials science,analytical chemistry,and biomedical engineering.This review presents an overview of recent progress in bio-integrated electrochemical sensors,with an emphasis on their relevance to neuroengineering and neuro-modulation.It traverses vital neurological biomarkers and explores bio-recognition elements,sensing strategies,transducer designs,and wireless signal transmission methods.The integration of in vivo biochemical sensors is showcased through applications.The review concludes by outlining future trends and advancements in in vivo electrochemical sensing,and highlighting ongoing research and technological innovation,which aims to provide inspiring and practical instructions for future research.展开更多
A comprehensive kinetic model called anaerobic digestion bacteria algae(ADBA)was developed to describe and predict the complex algae-bacterial system in anaerobic digestion(AD)wastew-ater under mixotrophic growth cond...A comprehensive kinetic model called anaerobic digestion bacteria algae(ADBA)was developed to describe and predict the complex algae-bacterial system in anaerobic digestion(AD)wastew-ater under mixotrophic growth conditions.The model was calibrated and validated using the experimental growth data from cultivating the algae(Chlorella vulgaris CA1)with its indigenous bacteria in Blue Green 11(BG-11)media and different combinations of sterilized,diluted,and raw AD effluent.Key parameters were obtained,including the distinct maximum growth rate of algae on CO_(2)(μ_(a,CO_(2)),1.23 per day)and organic carbon(μ_(a,OC),3.30 per day),the maximum growth rate of bacteria(μ_(b),1.20 per day),along with two noble parameters,i.e.,the algae-bacteria in-teraction exponent(n,0.03)and the growth inhibition coefficient(a_(e)=30000 mg/L per AU)due to effluent turbidity.The model showed a good fit with an average R^(2)=0.90 in all cases adjusted with 25 kinetic parameters.This was the first model capable of predicting algal and bac-terial growth in AD effluent with their competitive interactions,assuming shifting growth modes of algae on organic and inorganic carbon under light.It could also predict the removal rate of substrate and nutrients from effluent,light inhibition due to biomass shading and effluent turbid-ity,mass transfer rate of O_(2) and CO_(2)from gas phase to liquid phase,and pH-driven equilibrium between dissolved inorganic carbon components(CO_(2),HCO_(3)^(-),and CO_(3)^(2-)).Algal growth in the strongly buffered AD effluent resulted in odor removal,turbidity reduction,and the removal of∼80%of total ammonium-nitrogen and 90%of organic carbon.In addition to process parame-ter prediction,this study offered a practical solution to wastewater treatment,air pollution,and nutrient recycling,ensuring a holistic and practical approach to ecological balance.展开更多
Semiconductor nanowires(NWs)have been extensively applied in light sources,waveguides,photodetectors(PDs),etc.,which provide abundant components for optoelectronic interconnection applications.However,the efficient in...Semiconductor nanowires(NWs)have been extensively applied in light sources,waveguides,photodetectors(PDs),etc.,which provide abundant components for optoelectronic interconnection applications.However,the efficient in-plane integration of various devices remains challenging,which is a prerequisite for the practical application of NWs.Here,the growth-based integration of CsPbBr_(3)NW arrays with CdSSe ribbons transferred onto mica is achieved via a vapor deposition route.The transferred ribbons not only act as preferential nucleation sites for CsPbBr_(3),but also break the growth symmetry of CsPbBr_(3)NWs on mica,allowing wires with the largest angle to the ribbon edge to grow longer and form arrays.The waveguide studies show that the CsPbBr_(3)NW arrays can confine and guide the light emission from both themselves and the CdSSe ribbon well.Importantly,the optoelectronic interconnection was successfully demonstrated based on the achieved heterostructures,where the CsPbBr_(3)NWs served as the light source and waveguide,and PDs were made from the CdSSe ribbon.When a single CsPbBr_(3)NW was illuminated by a focused 457 nm laser at a distance of 37.5µm from the CdSSe ribbon,the on/off ratio of the system reached 8.3×10^(3),resulting from the efficient response of the PD to the guided light.Moreover,the system can distinguish the pulsed light excitation well below 2000 Hz,limited by the response speed of the PDs.This work paves the way for the on-chip integration of nanoscale light emitters,waveguides,and detectors,promoting the practical application of semiconductor NWs in photonic circuits.展开更多
Since its first report in 2009,CH_3NH_3PbI_3-based perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have emerged as one of the most exciting developments in the next generation photovoltaic(PV)technologies[1],with its PV conversion effici...Since its first report in 2009,CH_3NH_3PbI_3-based perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have emerged as one of the most exciting developments in the next generation photovoltaic(PV)technologies[1],with its PV conversion efficiency(PCE)rising spectacularly from3.81% to 22.1% in just 7 years.Such rapid advance is展开更多
Vertical heterostructures based on two-dimensional(2D)materials have attracted widespread interest for their numerous applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices.Herein,we report the direct construct!on of a...Vertical heterostructures based on two-dimensional(2D)materials have attracted widespread interest for their numerous applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices.Herein,we report the direct construct!on of an abnormal graphene/ReSe2 stack on Au foils by a two-step chemical vapor deposition(CVD)strategy.During the second growth stage,mono layer ReSe2 is found to prefere ntially evolve at the irUerface between the first-grown graphene layer and the Au substrate.The unusual stacking behavior is unraveled by in-situ"cutting open"the upper graphene from the defects to expose the lower ReSe2 using scanning tunneling microscopy(STM).From combination of these results with density functional theory calculations,the domain boundaries and edge sites of graphene are proposed to be adsorption sites for Re and Se precursors,further facilitating the growth of ReSe2 at the van der Waals gap of graphene/Au.This work hereby offers an intriguing strategy for obtaining vertical 2D heterostructures featured with an ultra-clean interface and a designed stacking geometry.展开更多
基金supported by the Science and Technology Plan Project of Yantai City (Transplantation of pancreatic islet cells induced from human embryonic stem cells into diabetic animals in vitro), No. 2008142-9
文摘Pancreatic stem cells were isolated and cultured from aborted human fetal pancreases of gestational age 14-20 weeks. They were seeded at a density of 1 × 104 in serum-free media for differentiation into neuron-like cells, expressing β-tubulin III and glial fibrillary acidic protein. These neuron-like cells displayed a synapse-like morphology and appeared to form a neuronal network. Pancreatic stem cells were also seeded at a density of 1 × 105 for differentiation into islet-like cells, expressing insulin and glucagon, with an islet-like morphology. These cells had glucose-stimulated secretion of human insulin and C-peptide. Results suggest that pancreatic stem cells can be differentiated into neuron-like and islet-like cells.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC1309800)the“Outstanding University Driven by Talents”Program and Academic Promotion Program of Shandong First Medical University(2019LJ007)the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(2017CXGC1214).
文摘The aim of this study was to explore the associations of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity(MVPA)time and sedentary(SED)time with a history of cardiovascular disease(CVD)and multifactorial(i.e.,blood pressure(BP),body mass index(BMI),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),and glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c))control status among type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients in China.A cross-sectional analysis of 9152 people with type 2 diabetes from the Multifactorial Intervention on Type 2 Diabetes(MIDiab)study was performed.Patients were grouped according to their self-reported MVPA time(low,<150 min·week−1;moderate,150 to<450 min·week−1;high,≥450 min·week−1)and SED time(low,<4 h·d–1;moderate,4 to<8 h·d–1;high,≥8 h·d–1).Participants who self-reported a history of CVD were identified as having a CVD risk.Odds ratios(ORs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs)of CVD risk and multifactorial control status associated with MVPA time and SED time were estimated using mixed-effect logistic regression models,adjusting for China’s geographical region characteristics.The participants had a mean±standard deviation(SD)age of(60.87±8.44)years,44.5%were women,and 25.1%had CVD.After adjustment for potential confounding factors,an inverse association between high MVPA time and CVD risk that was independent of SED time was found,whereas this association was not observed in the moderate-MVPA group.A higher MVPA time was more likely to have a positive effect on the control of BMI.Compared with the reference group(i.e.,those with MVPA time≥450 min·week−1 and SED time<4 h·d–1),CVD risk was higher in the low-MVPA group:The OR associated with an SED time<4 h·d–1 was 1.270(95%CI,1.040–1.553)and that associated with an SED time≥8 h·d–1 was 1.499(95%CI,1.149–1.955).We found that a high MVPA time(i.e.,≥450 min·week−1)was associated with lower odds of CVD risk regardless of SED time among patients with T2DM.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China[Nos.2018YFB1304902,2016YFA0300804,2016YFA0300903]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Nos.51672007,11974023,11904372,11704389,U1813211]+3 种基金the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guang Dong Province[Nos.2018B030327001,2018B010109009]the‘‘2011 Program”Peking-Tsinghua-IOP Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matterthe Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholarsthe Beijing Institute of Technology laboratory research project[No.2019BITSYA03]。
文摘The two-dimensional (2D) structure of layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) provides unusual physical properties [1,2]and chemical reactivity [3,4], which can be influenced by defects such as dislocations [5,6]. For example, dislocations can act as nucleation sites for the onset of deformation when subjected to stress [7].
基金the support of the National Energy-Saving and Low-Carbon Materials Production and Application Demonstration Platform Program (TC220H06N)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51832004,51972259,52127816)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (2022CFA087)。
文摘In the scope of developing new electrochemical concepts to build batteries with high energy density,chloride ion batteries(CIBs)have emerged as a candidate for the next generation of novel electrochemical energy storage technologies,which show the potential in matching or even surpassing the current lithium metal batteries in terms of energy density,dendrite-free safety,and elimination of the dependence on the strained lithium and cobalt resources.However,the development of CIBs is still at the initial stage with unsatisfactory performance and several challenges have hindered them from reaching commercialization.In this review,we examine the current advances of CIBs by considering the electrode material design to the electrolyte,thus outlining the new opportunities of aqueous CIBs especially combined with desalination,chloride redox battery,etc.With respect to the developing road of lithium ion and fluoride ion batteries,the possibility of using solid-state chloride ion conductors to replace liquid electrolytes is tentatively discussed.Going beyond,perspectives and clear suggestions are concluded by highlighting the major obstacles and by prescribing specific research topics to inspire more efforts for CIBs in large-scale energy storage applications.
基金Project supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2013CBA01603,2016YFA0300600,and 2016YFA0300903)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11574005,11774009,11222436,and 11574283)the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents of China(Grant No.BX201700012)funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation.
文摘Being parent materials of two-dimensional (2D) crystals, van der Waals layered materials have received revived interest. In most 2D materials, the interaction between electrons is negligible. Introducing the interaction can give rise to a variety of exotic properties. Here, via intercalating a van der Waals layered compound VS2, we find evidence for electron correlation by extensive magnetic, thermal, electrical, and thermoelectric characterizations. The low temperature Sommerfeld coefficient is 64 mJ·K-2·mol-1 and the Kadowaki-Woods ratio rKW^0.20a0. Both supports an enhancement of the electron correlation. The temperature dependences of the resistivity and thermopower indicate an important role played by the Kondo effect. The Kondo temperature TK is estimated to be around 8 K. Our results suggest intercalation as a potential means to engineer the electron correlation in van der Waals materials, as well as 2D materials.
文摘Aqueous phase reforming (APR) of biomass derived feedstock producing hydrogen was reviewed. The APR process was discussed based on different feedstock categories such as sugars, polyols and ethanol. The mechanism of APR was analyzed referring to different structures of feedstock. The reaction pathways of APR were investigated. The usage of catalysts should be judged by feedstock on the requirement including C-C bond cleavage, water-gas shift (WGS) reaction, and catalyst maintenance. The prospects were concluded based on the recent works from bimetallic catalysts and high efficient supports. Examples of significant challenges of reducing catalyst cost and increasing catalyst stability have been discussed. The modification and utilization of alkane selectivity of APR processes for liquid fuel production was also investigated.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11104250,61274099,and 11774313)the Science Technology Department of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.2012C21007)+1 种基金Zhejiang Province Innovation Team,China(Grant No.2011R50012)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.LY17A040003)
文摘Fabrication of large-area atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides is of critical importance for the preparation of new heterojunction-based devices.In this paper, we report the fabrication and optical investigation of large-scale chemical vapor deposition(CVD)-grown monolayer MoS2 and exfoliated few-layer GaS heterojunctions.As revealed by photoluminescence(PL) characterization, the as-fabricated heterojunctions demonstrated edge interaction between the two layers.The heterojunction was sensitive to annealing and showed increased interaction upon annealing at 300℃ under vacuum conditions, which led to changes in both the emission peak position and intensity resulting from the strong coupling interaction between the two layers.Low-temperature PL measurements further confirmed the strong coupling interaction.In addition, defect-related GaS luminescence was observed in our few-layer GaS, and the PL mapping provided evidence of edge interaction coupling between the two layers.These findings are interesting and provide the basis for creating new material systems with rich functionalities and novel physical effects.
基金the Sino-German Cooperation Forestry Major Scientific Research Project(zdczhz2021ky09)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971487 and 42277245).
文摘Thinning is an effective management step for sustainable forest development,yet less attention is paid to the restoration of soil microbiota after thinning.In this study,both abundant and rare soil microbial communities(i.e.,bacterial,fungal),were evaluated under various thinning treatments in a mixed stand of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Sassafras tzumu using Mi Seq sequencing.Thinning did not significantly change either abundant or rare bacterial and fungal community composition,but affected their alpha diversity.The Shannon–Wiener indexes of rare fungal taxa under medium thinning were significantly lower than in the light thinning(P<0.05 level).Xanthobacteraceae dominated the abundant bacterial taxa,and Saitozyma and Mortierlla the abundant fungal taxa.The most common rare bacterial taxa varied;there was no prevalent rare fungal taxa under different thinnings.In addition,soil available nitrogen,total phosphorus,and p H had significant effects on rare bacterial taxa.Nutrients,especially available phosphorus,but not nitrogen,affected abundant and rare soil fungi.The results indicate that soil properties rather than plant factors affect abundant and rare microbial communities in soils of mixed stands.Thinning,through mediating soil properties,influences both abundant and rare bacterial and fungal communities in the mixed C.lanceolata and S.tzumu stand.
文摘The concept of Industrial Biosystems Engineering (IBsE) was suggested as a new engineering branch to be developed for meeting the needs for science, technology and professionals by the upcoming bioeconomy. With emphasis on systems, IBsE builds upon the interfaces between systems biology, bioprocessing, and systems engineering. This paper discussed the background, the suggested definition, the theoretical framework and methodologies of this new discipline as well as its challenges and future development.
文摘Formation of excessive sludge and fuel filter clogging were experienced in using biodiesel blends under marine environment. In this study, a field test was conducted in a marine ferry boat fueled by canola-based biodiesel blends. The sludge materials collected in the fuel purifier were characterized using inductively coupled plasma (ICP), pyrolysis-GC/MS (Py-GC/MS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Karl-Fischer titration. It was found that the sludge materials consisted of four distinctive fractions: organic materials derived from diesel and canola biodiesel (major fraction), ash (11-14% w/w), water (~17% w/w), and bacteria. The active bacteria were present in the sludge samples. It was suggested that bacterial contamination was one of the major factors in contribution to the sludge formation.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology(China)of China(2021YFF1000200)the National Science Foundation of China(32372132)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(232300421033)the Science and Technology Funds of Zhengzhou City,and China Postdoctoral Funds(GZC20230727)。
文摘High-quality genome information is essential for efficiently deciphering and improving crop traits.Here,we report a highly contiguous and accurate hexaploid genome assembly for the key wheat breeding parent Zhou8425B,an elite 1BL/1RS translocation line with durable adult plant resistance(APR)against yellow rust(YR)disease.By integrating HiFi and Hi-C sequencing reads,we have generated a 14.75-Gb genome assembly for Zhou8425B with a contig N50 of 70.94 and a scaffold N50 of 735.11 Mb.Comparisons with previously sequenced common wheat cultivars shed light on structural changes in the 1RS chromosome arm,which has been extensively used in wheat improvement.Interestingly,Zhou8425B 1RS carries more genes encoding AP2/ERF-ERF or B3 transcription factors than its counterparts in four previously sequenced wheat and rye genotypes.The Zhou8425B genome assembly aided in the fine mapping of a new APR locus(YrZH3BS)that confers resistance to YR disease and promotes grain yield under field conditions.Notably,pyramiding YrZH3BS with two previously characterized APR loci(YrZH22 and YrZH84)can further reduce YR severity and enhance grain yield,with the triple combination(YrZH3B+YrZH22+YrZH84)having the greatest effect.Finally,the founder genotype effects of Zhou8425B were explored using publicly available genome resequencing data,which reveals the presence of important Zhou8425B genomic blocks in its derivative cultivars.Our data demonstrate the value of the Zhou8425B genome assembly for further study of the structural and functional characteristics of 1RS,the genetic basis of durable YR resistance,and founder genotype effects in wheat breeding.Our resources will facilitate the development of elite wheat cultivars through genomics-assisted breeding.
基金supported by the Specialty Crops Research Initiative Award 2022-51181-38325 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.
文摘The increasing use of traditional agricultural plastic mulch films(PMs)has raised significant environ-mental concerns,prompting the search for sustainable alternatives.Soil-biodegradable mulch films(BDMs)are often proposed as eco-friendly replacements;however,their widespread adoption remains contentious.This review employs a comparative life cycle assessment perspective to evaluate the environmental impact of PMs and BDMs across their production,use,and end-of-life stages,providing strategies to mitigate their impact on agroecosystems.BDMs generally exhibit lower energy use and greenhouse gas emissions than PMs but contribute to greater land-use demands.Reported eutrophica-tion and acidification potentials are less consistent,varying based on feedstock types and the scope of assessment of BDM,as well as the end-of-life management of PM.The environmental burden of both mulch types is influenced by the life cycle stage,polymer composition,farming practices,additives,film thickness,and local climatic conditions.The manufacturing stage is a major contributor to energy use and greenhouse gas emissions for both PMs and BDMs,despite their shared benefits of increasing crop yields.However,post-use impacts are more pronounced for PMs,driven by end-of-life strategy and adsorbed waste content.While starch-based BDMs offer a more sustainable alternative to PMs,un-certainties regarding the residence time of BDM residues in soil(albeit shorter than PM residues)and their effects on soil health,coupled with higher production costs,impede widespread adoption.For BDM end-of-life,soil biodegradation is recommended.Energy and material recovery options are crucial for PM end-of-life,with mechanical recycling preferred,although it requires addressing eutrophication and human toxicity.This review discusses these complexities within specific contexts and provides action-able insights to guide the sustainable integration of mulch films into agricultural practices.
基金supported by The Ohio State University start-up funds and the Chronic Brain Injury Pilot Award Program at The Ohio State UniversityThis work was also supported by the Ohio State University Ma-terials Research Seed Grant Program,funded by the Center for Emergent Materials+2 种基金NSF-MRSEC,grant DMR-2011876the Center for Exploration of Novel Complex Materialsthe Institute for Materials Research.J.L.acknowledges the support from National Science Foundation award ECCS-2223387.
文摘Detecting and diagnosing neurological diseases in modern healthcare presents substantial challenges that directly impact patient outcomes.The complex nature of these conditions demands precise and quantitative monitoring of disease-associated biomarkers in a continuous,real-time manner.Current chemical sensing strategies exhibit restricted clinical effectiveness due to labor-intensive laboratory analysis prerequisites,dependence on clinician expertise,and prolonged and recurrent interventions.Bio-integrated electronics for chemical sensing is an emerging,multidisciplinary field enabled by rapid advances in electrical engineering,biosensing,materials science,analytical chemistry,and biomedical engineering.This review presents an overview of recent progress in bio-integrated electrochemical sensors,with an emphasis on their relevance to neuroengineering and neuro-modulation.It traverses vital neurological biomarkers and explores bio-recognition elements,sensing strategies,transducer designs,and wireless signal transmission methods.The integration of in vivo biochemical sensors is showcased through applications.The review concludes by outlining future trends and advancements in in vivo electrochemical sensing,and highlighting ongoing research and technological innovation,which aims to provide inspiring and practical instructions for future research.
基金supported by the Applied BioEnergy Research Program Internal Competitive Grant from the Agricultural Research Center at Washington State University,College of Agricultural,Human,and Natural Resource Sciences.
文摘A comprehensive kinetic model called anaerobic digestion bacteria algae(ADBA)was developed to describe and predict the complex algae-bacterial system in anaerobic digestion(AD)wastew-ater under mixotrophic growth conditions.The model was calibrated and validated using the experimental growth data from cultivating the algae(Chlorella vulgaris CA1)with its indigenous bacteria in Blue Green 11(BG-11)media and different combinations of sterilized,diluted,and raw AD effluent.Key parameters were obtained,including the distinct maximum growth rate of algae on CO_(2)(μ_(a,CO_(2)),1.23 per day)and organic carbon(μ_(a,OC),3.30 per day),the maximum growth rate of bacteria(μ_(b),1.20 per day),along with two noble parameters,i.e.,the algae-bacteria in-teraction exponent(n,0.03)and the growth inhibition coefficient(a_(e)=30000 mg/L per AU)due to effluent turbidity.The model showed a good fit with an average R^(2)=0.90 in all cases adjusted with 25 kinetic parameters.This was the first model capable of predicting algal and bac-terial growth in AD effluent with their competitive interactions,assuming shifting growth modes of algae on organic and inorganic carbon under light.It could also predict the removal rate of substrate and nutrients from effluent,light inhibition due to biomass shading and effluent turbid-ity,mass transfer rate of O_(2) and CO_(2)from gas phase to liquid phase,and pH-driven equilibrium between dissolved inorganic carbon components(CO_(2),HCO_(3)^(-),and CO_(3)^(2-)).Algal growth in the strongly buffered AD effluent resulted in odor removal,turbidity reduction,and the removal of∼80%of total ammonium-nitrogen and 90%of organic carbon.In addition to process parame-ter prediction,this study offered a practical solution to wastewater treatment,air pollution,and nutrient recycling,ensuring a holistic and practical approach to ecological balance.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62374057)。
文摘Semiconductor nanowires(NWs)have been extensively applied in light sources,waveguides,photodetectors(PDs),etc.,which provide abundant components for optoelectronic interconnection applications.However,the efficient in-plane integration of various devices remains challenging,which is a prerequisite for the practical application of NWs.Here,the growth-based integration of CsPbBr_(3)NW arrays with CdSSe ribbons transferred onto mica is achieved via a vapor deposition route.The transferred ribbons not only act as preferential nucleation sites for CsPbBr_(3),but also break the growth symmetry of CsPbBr_(3)NWs on mica,allowing wires with the largest angle to the ribbon edge to grow longer and form arrays.The waveguide studies show that the CsPbBr_(3)NW arrays can confine and guide the light emission from both themselves and the CdSSe ribbon well.Importantly,the optoelectronic interconnection was successfully demonstrated based on the achieved heterostructures,where the CsPbBr_(3)NWs served as the light source and waveguide,and PDs were made from the CdSSe ribbon.When a single CsPbBr_(3)NW was illuminated by a focused 457 nm laser at a distance of 37.5µm from the CdSSe ribbon,the on/off ratio of the system reached 8.3×10^(3),resulting from the efficient response of the PD to the guided light.Moreover,the system can distinguish the pulsed light excitation well below 2000 Hz,limited by the response speed of the PDs.This work paves the way for the on-chip integration of nanoscale light emitters,waveguides,and detectors,promoting the practical application of semiconductor NWs in photonic circuits.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0201001,2016YFA0300804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11627801,51102172,51672007,51502007,11772207)+4 种基金the Leading Talents Program of Guangdong Province(2016LJ06C372)Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(JCYJ20170307165905513,JCYJ20170413152832151)the Natural Science Foundation for Outstanding Young Researcher in Hebei Province(E2016210093)the Key Program of Educational Commission of Hebei Province of China(ZD2016022)the Youth Top-notch Talents Supporting Plan of Hebei Province
文摘Since its first report in 2009,CH_3NH_3PbI_3-based perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have emerged as one of the most exciting developments in the next generation photovoltaic(PV)technologies[1],with its PV conversion efficiency(PCE)rising spectacularly from3.81% to 22.1% in just 7 years.Such rapid advance is
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51472008,51861135201,51290272,61774003,51502007,and 51672007)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2016YFA0200103,2017YFA0205700,and 2017YFA0304600)+1 种基金the Open Research Fund Program of the State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics(Nos.KF201601 and KF201604)"2011 Program”Peking-Tsinghua-IOP Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter.
文摘Vertical heterostructures based on two-dimensional(2D)materials have attracted widespread interest for their numerous applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices.Herein,we report the direct construct!on of an abnormal graphene/ReSe2 stack on Au foils by a two-step chemical vapor deposition(CVD)strategy.During the second growth stage,mono layer ReSe2 is found to prefere ntially evolve at the irUerface between the first-grown graphene layer and the Au substrate.The unusual stacking behavior is unraveled by in-situ"cutting open"the upper graphene from the defects to expose the lower ReSe2 using scanning tunneling microscopy(STM).From combination of these results with density functional theory calculations,the domain boundaries and edge sites of graphene are proposed to be adsorption sites for Re and Se precursors,further facilitating the growth of ReSe2 at the van der Waals gap of graphene/Au.This work hereby offers an intriguing strategy for obtaining vertical 2D heterostructures featured with an ultra-clean interface and a designed stacking geometry.
