The spontaneous conversion of muonium to antimuonium is an interesting charged lepton flavor violation phenomenon that offers a sensitive probe for potential new physics and serves as a tool to constrain the parameter...The spontaneous conversion of muonium to antimuonium is an interesting charged lepton flavor violation phenomenon that offers a sensitive probe for potential new physics and serves as a tool to constrain the parameter space beyond the Standard Model.The Muonium-to-Antimuonium Conversion Experiment(MACE)was designed to utilize a high-intensity muon beam,a Michel electron magnetic spectrometer,a positron transport system,and a positron detection system to either discover or constrain this rare process with a conversion probability of O(10^(-13)).This article presents an overview of the theoretical framework and a detailed description of the experimental design for muonium-to-antimuonium conversion.展开更多
AIM:To comprehensively examine the clinical presentations,multimodal images,and long-term follow-up of Chinese patients with acute zonal occult outer retinopathy(AZOOR),a rare inflammatory disorder.METHODS:This was a ...AIM:To comprehensively examine the clinical presentations,multimodal images,and long-term follow-up of Chinese patients with acute zonal occult outer retinopathy(AZOOR),a rare inflammatory disorder.METHODS:This was a retrospective study.A total of 20 patients(32 eyes)were included.The medical records and multimodal imaging,including wide-field fundus photography,wide-field fundus autofluorescence(FAF),and swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT)were analyzed.RESULTS:The study included 20 patients with a mean age of 38.2±10.9y,and females accounted for 60%.Lesions could involve peripapillary areas,macular region,and peripheral retina.The mean best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)at presentation was 0.38±0.60 logMAR,with no significant difference in visual acuity between acute cases(within 6mo of onset)and chronic cases(beyond 6mo of onset;P=0.390).There was no statistically significant difference in visual acuity between eyes of acute case(within 6mo of onset)and the chronic case(beyond 6mo of onset).In some chronic case,FAF examination revealed the presence of a hyperautofluorescent(hyperAF)ring around the macular area(6/18),a phenomenon not observed in the acute case(P=0.024).A higher proportion of chronic cases showed predominantly hypoautofluorescent(hypoAF)lesions compared to the acute case(13/18 vs 2/14,P=0.0016).SS-OCT examination showed that both acute and chronic cases exhibited hyperreflective dots above the retinal pigment epithelium(RPE),and ellipsoid zone(EZ)and RPE damage.In the chronic case,eyes with hyperreflective dots above the RPE were more likely to exhibit EZ and RPE damage in the macular region compared to those without these dots.CONCLUSION:Multimodal imaging plays a crucial role in the follow-up of patients with AZOOR.In chronic cases of AZOOR,the presence of hyperreflective dots above the RPE indicates a higher likelihood of outer retinal involvement in the macular region.This study provides critical insights into the complex presentation and progression of AZOOR.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the efficacy,timing of retreatment and safety of dexamethasone(DEX)implant on macular edema(ME)secondary to diabetic retinopathy(DME)and retinal vein occlusion(RVO-ME)patients who were refractory to an...AIM:To evaluate the efficacy,timing of retreatment and safety of dexamethasone(DEX)implant on macular edema(ME)secondary to diabetic retinopathy(DME)and retinal vein occlusion(RVO-ME)patients who were refractory to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)treatment.METHODS:This retrospective study included 37 eyes received at least one DEX implant treatment for DME or RVO-ME between January 1,2019,and January 1,2023.These refractory DME and RVO-ME cases received at least 5 anti-VEGF injections and failure to gain more than 5 letters or a significant reduction in central retinal thickness(CRT).The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and CRT were measured at baseline,and at 1,3,4 and 6mo post-DEX implant injection.Adverse events such as elevated intraocular pressure(IOP)and cataract were recorded.RESULTS:For RVO cases(n=22),there was a significant increase in BCVA from 0.27±0.19 to 0.35±0.20 at 6mo post-DEX injection(P<0.05)and CRT decreased from 472.1±90.6 to 240.5±39.0μm at 6mo(P<0.0001).DME cases(n=15)experienced an improvement in BCVA from 0.26±0.15 to 0.43±0.20 at 6mo post-DEX implant injection(P=0.0098),with CRT reducing from 445.7±55.7 to 271.7±34.1μm at 6mo(P<0.0001).Elevated IOP occurred in 45.9% of patients but was well-controlled with topical medications.No cases of cataract or other adverse events were reported.CONCLUSION:DEX implants effectively improve BCVA and reduce CRT in refractory DME and RVO-ME.Further research with larger cohorts and longer follow-up periods is needed to confirm these findings and assess long-term outcomes.展开更多
The Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences have designed a new type of photomultiplier tube(PMT) based on microchannel plates(MCPs) with large area photocathode, known as large area microchannel...The Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences have designed a new type of photomultiplier tube(PMT) based on microchannel plates(MCPs) with large area photocathode, known as large area microchannel plate photomultiplier tube(MCP–PMT). The aging characteristics of the large area MCP–PMTs are different from dynode PMTs and small proximity-focus MCP–PMT. In this work, a prototype large area MCP–PMT was aged by operating with nearly 1000 photoelectrons per pulse for 3 months, and aging process of the MCP–PMT was discussed based on the aging curve.展开更多
We use the controllability limit theory to study impact of correlation between in- and out-degrees (degree correlation) on edge controllability of real networks. Simulation results and analytic calculations show that ...We use the controllability limit theory to study impact of correlation between in- and out-degrees (degree correlation) on edge controllability of real networks. Simulation results and analytic calculations show that the degree correlation plays an important role in the edge controllability of real networks, especially dense real networks. The upper and lower controllability limits hold for all kinds of real networks. Any edge controllability in between the limits is achievable by properly adjusting the degree correlation. In addition, we find that the edge dynamics in some real networks with positive degree correlation may be difficult to control, and explain the rationality of this anomaly based on the controllability limit theory.展开更多
POLAR-2 is a gamma-ray burst(GRB)polarimeter that is designed to study the polarization in GRB radiation emissions,aiming to improve our knowledge of related mechanisms.POLAR-2 is expected to utilize an on-board polar...POLAR-2 is a gamma-ray burst(GRB)polarimeter that is designed to study the polarization in GRB radiation emissions,aiming to improve our knowledge of related mechanisms.POLAR-2 is expected to utilize an on-board polarimeter that is sensitive to soft X-rays(2-10 keV),called low-energy polarization detector.We have developed a new soft X-ray polari-zation detector prototype based on gas microchannel plates(GMCPs)and pixel chips(Topmetal).The GMCPs have bulk resistance,which prevents charging-up effects and ensures gain stability during operation.The detector is composed of low outgassing materials and is gas-sealed using a laser welding technique,ensuring long-term stability.A modulation factor of 41.28%±0.64% is obtained for a 4.5 keV polarized X-ray beam.A residual modulation of 1.96%±0.58% at 5.9 keV is observed for the entire sensitive area.展开更多
Cancer immunotherapy,specifically immune checkpoint therapy(ICT),has shown notable potential for treating malignant tumors[1,2].However,it is particularly ineffective in“cold”tumors like prostate and colorectal canc...Cancer immunotherapy,specifically immune checkpoint therapy(ICT),has shown notable potential for treating malignant tumors[1,2].However,it is particularly ineffective in“cold”tumors like prostate and colorectal cancers,which are characterized by low levels of inflammation,high levels of immunosuppressive cells,and limited cytotoxic T-lymphocytes(CTLs)infiltration,leading to repeated failures of ICT[3,4].Recruiting dendritic cells(DCs)and CTLs to the tumor microenvironment to transform“cold”tumors into“hot”tumors has become an urgent focus in antitumor immunotherapy.展开更多
Comprehensive Summary.Atherosclerosis is a lipoprotein-driven disease.In-depth understanding of pathology and accurate identification are particularly important in clinical assessment and treatment due to the irrevers...Comprehensive Summary.Atherosclerosis is a lipoprotein-driven disease.In-depth understanding of pathology and accurate identification are particularly important in clinical assessment and treatment due to the irreversibility of atherosclerotic plaque formation.Atherosclerosis is not only accompanied by lipid droplets accumulation but also closely related to inflammation,which is accompanied by excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS)and changes in microenvironment.However,there is still a lack of a simple and rapid detection platform to simultaneously evaluate multiple indicators of atherosclerosis in multiple channels.In this study,we propose a multicolor imaging probe Cy7P-B for polarity,H_(2)O_(2) and lipid droplets to evaluate atherosclerotic plaques in vivo.Cy7P-B is sensitive to environmental polarity and can monitor polarity changes by near-infrared ratio.Moreover,Cy7P-B has H_(2)O_(2)/lipid droplets dual-analyte sequential activation characteristics.Based on the multifunctional properties of Cy7P-B,the classical biomarkers of atherosclerotic plaque,lipid accumulation and up-regulation of oxidative stress are effectively detected in atherosclerotic plaques,and more importantly,the change of aortic polarity in atherosclerosis was detected for the first time.This work provides a general molecular design approach for multi-species imaging of AS,which is helpful for effective cardiovascular disease stewardship.展开更多
Fluorescence imaging is a useful tool in the field of biomedical applications.However,its imaging capacity is limited by the depth of tissue that can be penetrated when using visible light(400-700 nm)or the first near...Fluorescence imaging is a useful tool in the field of biomedical applications.However,its imaging capacity is limited by the depth of tissue that can be penetrated when using visible light(400-700 nm)or the first near-infrared window(NIR-Ⅰ,700-900 nm).To overcome the problem,fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window(NIR-Ⅱ,1000-1700 nm)has been developed to reduce photon scattering,auto-absorption and tissue autofluorescence to achieve high spatiotemporal resolution and deep imaging penetration.The key to NIR-Ⅱimaging is obtaining and analyzing highly selective information from functional fluorophores that emit in the 1000-1700 nm range.With the rapid development of multidisciplinary research,various types of NIR-Ⅱfluorophores have been produced and used in non-invasive,real-time NIR-Ⅱbiomedical applications.This review summarizes some of the most prevalent NIR-Ⅱfluorophores and their synthesis,such as organic fluorophores(OFs),single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs),quantum dots(QDs),and rare-earth nanoparticles(RENPs).On this basis,we describe the applications of these fluorophores in biomedical fields,including bioimaging,biosensing,phototherapy and surgical navigation.Additionally,major challenges and prospects of NIR-Ⅱbiomedical application will be further explored.展开更多
The long-wavelength region of the near-infrared-IIb(NIR-IIb,1,500–1,700 nm)imaging window has become an ideal window for in vivo imaging due to the suppressed photon scattering and near-zero autofluorescence of biolo...The long-wavelength region of the near-infrared-IIb(NIR-IIb,1,500–1,700 nm)imaging window has become an ideal window for in vivo imaging due to the suppressed photon scattering and near-zero autofluorescence of biological tissues.Therefore,it is necessary to develop fluorescent probes with excellent fluorescence performance and stability for NIR-IIb fluorescence imaging.In this work,zinc-doped silver telluride quantum dots(Zn:Ag_(2)Te QDs)with bright fluorescence in the NIR-IIb window were synthesized.The introduction of Zn dopants inhibited crystal defects and reduced non-radiative transitions.Therefore,the quantum yield and fluorescence lifetime of Zn:Ag_(2)Te QDs were significantly improved.In addition,Zn-doping increased the number of ligands on the surface of QDs,thus enhancing the colloidal stability of Zn:Ag_(2)Te QDs.Moreover,the PEGylated Zn:Ag_(2)Te QDs with high absolute quantum yield realized noninvasive imaging of cerebral vascular of mouse with high resolution able to distinguish blood capillary,which could be utilized to monitor the brain condition of mice after traumatic brain injury.展开更多
Viral envelope fusion with the host plasma membrane(PM)for genome release is a hallmark step in the life cycle of many enveloped viruses.This process is regulated by a complex network of biomolecules on the PM,but rob...Viral envelope fusion with the host plasma membrane(PM)for genome release is a hallmark step in the life cycle of many enveloped viruses.This process is regulated by a complex network of biomolecules on the PM,but robust tools to precisely elucidate the dynamic mechanisms of virus-PM fusion events are still lacking.Here,we developed a quantitative single-virus tracking approach based on highly efficient dual-color labelling of viruses and batch trajectory analysis to achieve the spatiotemporal quantification of fusion events.This approach allows us to comprehensively analyze the membrane fusion mechanism utilized by pseudotyped severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)at the singlevirus level and precisely elucidate how the relevant biomolecules synergistically regulate the fusion process.Our results revealed that SARS-CoV-2 may promote the formation of supersaturated clusters of cholesterol to facilitate the initiation of the membrane fusion process and accelerate the viral genome release.展开更多
Purpose:The present study aimed to analyze the influence of muscle activation on lumbar injury under aspecific+Gz load.Methods:A hybrid finite element human body model with detailed lumbar anatomy and lumbar muscleact...Purpose:The present study aimed to analyze the influence of muscle activation on lumbar injury under aspecific+Gz load.Methods:A hybrid finite element human body model with detailed lumbar anatomy and lumbar muscleactivation capabilities was developed.Using the specific+Gz loading acceleration as input,the kinematicand biomechanical responses of the occupant's lower back were studied for both activated and deactivated states of the lumbar muscles.Results:The results indicated that activating the major lumbar muscles enhanced the stability of theoccupant's torso,which delayed the contact between the occupant's head and the headrest.Lumbarmuscle activation led to higher strain and stress output in the lumbar spine under+Gz load,such as themaximum Von Mises stress of the vertebrae and intervertebral discs increased by 177.9%and 161.8%,respectively,and the damage response index increased by 84.5%.Conclusion:In both simulations,the occupant's risk of lumbar injury does not exceed 10%probability.Therefore,the activation of muscles could provide good protection for maintaining the lumbar spine andreduce the effect of acceleration in vehicle travel direction.展开更多
Background Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observation(JUNO)is one of the largest experimental facilities for neutrino detecting.As its main structure,the central detector contains 20 kiloton liquid scintillator filled ...Background Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observation(JUNO)is one of the largest experimental facilities for neutrino detecting.As its main structure,the central detector contains 20 kiloton liquid scintillator filled in an acrylic shell,and there are 18,00020-inch photomultiplier tubes(PMTs)and 25,0003-inch PMTs covering the shell.Purpose As an independent photon detection system,3-inch PMTs have been required to have excellent resolution for the single photoelectron detection,high quantum efficiency,small transit time spread and low dark noise rate.Methods Two kinds of 3-inch PMTs from HZC Photonics and Hamamatsu have been investigated as candidates.A dedicated test system for 3-inch PMTs has been designed,and various characterization parameters have been studied.Conclusion The preliminary results show these PMTs can meet the requirements of JUNO.展开更多
The growth and metastasis of malignant solid tumors depend closely on newblood vessels. Vasculogenic mimicry provides a special pathway of blood supply during theearly growth of malignant tumors, and real-time monitor...The growth and metastasis of malignant solid tumors depend closely on newblood vessels. Vasculogenic mimicry provides a special pathway of blood supply during theearly growth of malignant tumors, and real-time monitoring of its occurrence anddevelopment in vivo is important to clinical applications. However, there are few labelswith sufffcient brightness and stability in vivo to achieve high spatiotemporal resolutionimaging of deep tissue for noninvasive optical detection of vasculogenic mimicry in tumortissues. In this study, we constructed a high-brightness ffuorescent label with ffuorescence inthe near-infrared-II region, which can be used not only for in vivo tumor imaging but also fortissue section imaging. Real-time high-resolution imaging of tumor vessels has been achievedwith PbS quantum dots (QDs) surface-coupled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) (HRPQDs) by taking advantage of the low background autoffuorescence of tissue at the nearinfrared-II wavelength for in vivo and tissue section imaging. Qualitative and quantitativeanalysis of early blood supply patterns of tumor growth enables monitoring neovascularizationto accurate noninvasive identiffcation of benign and malignant solid tumors.展开更多
The low energy polarization detector(LPD)is a key component of the next-generation large-scale gamma-ray burst polarimeter,POLAR-2.It is designed for polarization observations of transient sources in the soft X-ray en...The low energy polarization detector(LPD)is a key component of the next-generation large-scale gamma-ray burst polarimeter,POLAR-2.It is designed for polarization observations of transient sources in the soft X-ray energy range with a wide field of view(FOV).To validate the key technologies required for wide-FOV X-ray polarization measurements,the cosmic X-ray polarization detector(CXPD)CubeSat was developed as a prototype for the LPD.The CXPD is equipped with two gas microchannel plate pixel detectors(GMPDs)that measure X-ray polarization via the photoelectric effect,where ejected photoelectrons produce ionization tracks in the gas,which are imaged to reconstruct their emission directions.Laboratory calibrations of the modulation factor and energy spectra were successfully performed using linear polarized X-ray sources at 2.98,4.51,6.40,and 8.05 keV.Since its launch in June 2023,the CXPD has successfully completed critical in-orbit technology verification.It has also performed polarization observations of two bright X-ray sources—Sco X-1 and the transient Swift J1727.8-1613—yielding constraints on their polarization degrees and angles.Notably,this was the first time that an anti-coincidence detector had been implemented in an X-ray polarimeter,enabling in-orbit verification of the charged-particle background rejection algorithm.These results demonstrate the feasibility of wide-field soft X-ray polarization measurements and provide essential guidance for the development of the LPD for the POLAR-2 mission,thereby advancing the frontier of X-ray polarization astronomy.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12075326,11535014,11975017,12475191,11905092,12105132 and 12175039)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2025A1515010669)+7 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Guangzhou(No.2024A04J6243)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(23xkjc017)in Sun Yat-sen UniversityBasic Research Conditions and Major Scientific Instrument and Equipment Research and Development Projects of the Ministry of Science and Technology(No.2022YFF0705602)the State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics(SKLPDE-ZZ-202412)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.2023HWYQ-010)the“Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities”at Southeast Universitythe National Development and Reform Commission of China(Large Research Infrastructures of 12th Five-Year Plan:China initiative Accelerator Driven System)(No.2017-000052-75-01-000590)Innovation Training Program for bachelor students in Sun Yat-sen University。
文摘The spontaneous conversion of muonium to antimuonium is an interesting charged lepton flavor violation phenomenon that offers a sensitive probe for potential new physics and serves as a tool to constrain the parameter space beyond the Standard Model.The Muonium-to-Antimuonium Conversion Experiment(MACE)was designed to utilize a high-intensity muon beam,a Michel electron magnetic spectrometer,a positron transport system,and a positron detection system to either discover or constrain this rare process with a conversion probability of O(10^(-13)).This article presents an overview of the theoretical framework and a detailed description of the experimental design for muonium-to-antimuonium conversion.
文摘AIM:To comprehensively examine the clinical presentations,multimodal images,and long-term follow-up of Chinese patients with acute zonal occult outer retinopathy(AZOOR),a rare inflammatory disorder.METHODS:This was a retrospective study.A total of 20 patients(32 eyes)were included.The medical records and multimodal imaging,including wide-field fundus photography,wide-field fundus autofluorescence(FAF),and swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT)were analyzed.RESULTS:The study included 20 patients with a mean age of 38.2±10.9y,and females accounted for 60%.Lesions could involve peripapillary areas,macular region,and peripheral retina.The mean best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)at presentation was 0.38±0.60 logMAR,with no significant difference in visual acuity between acute cases(within 6mo of onset)and chronic cases(beyond 6mo of onset;P=0.390).There was no statistically significant difference in visual acuity between eyes of acute case(within 6mo of onset)and the chronic case(beyond 6mo of onset).In some chronic case,FAF examination revealed the presence of a hyperautofluorescent(hyperAF)ring around the macular area(6/18),a phenomenon not observed in the acute case(P=0.024).A higher proportion of chronic cases showed predominantly hypoautofluorescent(hypoAF)lesions compared to the acute case(13/18 vs 2/14,P=0.0016).SS-OCT examination showed that both acute and chronic cases exhibited hyperreflective dots above the retinal pigment epithelium(RPE),and ellipsoid zone(EZ)and RPE damage.In the chronic case,eyes with hyperreflective dots above the RPE were more likely to exhibit EZ and RPE damage in the macular region compared to those without these dots.CONCLUSION:Multimodal imaging plays a crucial role in the follow-up of patients with AZOOR.In chronic cases of AZOOR,the presence of hyperreflective dots above the RPE indicates a higher likelihood of outer retinal involvement in the macular region.This study provides critical insights into the complex presentation and progression of AZOOR.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Found of China(No.81870673,No.81800814,No.82201168).
文摘AIM:To evaluate the efficacy,timing of retreatment and safety of dexamethasone(DEX)implant on macular edema(ME)secondary to diabetic retinopathy(DME)and retinal vein occlusion(RVO-ME)patients who were refractory to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)treatment.METHODS:This retrospective study included 37 eyes received at least one DEX implant treatment for DME or RVO-ME between January 1,2019,and January 1,2023.These refractory DME and RVO-ME cases received at least 5 anti-VEGF injections and failure to gain more than 5 letters or a significant reduction in central retinal thickness(CRT).The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and CRT were measured at baseline,and at 1,3,4 and 6mo post-DEX implant injection.Adverse events such as elevated intraocular pressure(IOP)and cataract were recorded.RESULTS:For RVO cases(n=22),there was a significant increase in BCVA from 0.27±0.19 to 0.35±0.20 at 6mo post-DEX injection(P<0.05)and CRT decreased from 472.1±90.6 to 240.5±39.0μm at 6mo(P<0.0001).DME cases(n=15)experienced an improvement in BCVA from 0.26±0.15 to 0.43±0.20 at 6mo post-DEX implant injection(P=0.0098),with CRT reducing from 445.7±55.7 to 271.7±34.1μm at 6mo(P<0.0001).Elevated IOP occurred in 45.9% of patients but was well-controlled with topical medications.No cases of cataract or other adverse events were reported.CONCLUSION:DEX implants effectively improve BCVA and reduce CRT in refractory DME and RVO-ME.Further research with larger cohorts and longer follow-up periods is needed to confirm these findings and assess long-term outcomes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11175198 and 11475209)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.XDA10010200 and XDA10010400)
文摘The Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences have designed a new type of photomultiplier tube(PMT) based on microchannel plates(MCPs) with large area photocathode, known as large area microchannel plate photomultiplier tube(MCP–PMT). The aging characteristics of the large area MCP–PMTs are different from dynode PMTs and small proximity-focus MCP–PMT. In this work, a prototype large area MCP–PMT was aged by operating with nearly 1000 photoelectrons per pulse for 3 months, and aging process of the MCP–PMT was discussed based on the aging curve.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61903208).
文摘We use the controllability limit theory to study impact of correlation between in- and out-degrees (degree correlation) on edge controllability of real networks. Simulation results and analytic calculations show that the degree correlation plays an important role in the edge controllability of real networks, especially dense real networks. The upper and lower controllability limits hold for all kinds of real networks. Any edge controllability in between the limits is achievable by properly adjusting the degree correlation. In addition, we find that the edge dynamics in some real networks with positive degree correlation may be difficult to control, and explain the rationality of this anomaly based on the controllability limit theory.
基金supported by Department of Physics and GXUNAOC Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences,Guangxi UniversityThe National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12027803,U1731239,12133003,12175241,U1938201,U1732266)the Guangxi Science Foundation(Nos.2018GXNSFGA281007,2018JJA110048).
文摘POLAR-2 is a gamma-ray burst(GRB)polarimeter that is designed to study the polarization in GRB radiation emissions,aiming to improve our knowledge of related mechanisms.POLAR-2 is expected to utilize an on-board polarimeter that is sensitive to soft X-rays(2-10 keV),called low-energy polarization detector.We have developed a new soft X-ray polari-zation detector prototype based on gas microchannel plates(GMCPs)and pixel chips(Topmetal).The GMCPs have bulk resistance,which prevents charging-up effects and ensures gain stability during operation.The detector is composed of low outgassing materials and is gas-sealed using a laser welding technique,ensuring long-term stability.A modulation factor of 41.28%±0.64% is obtained for a 4.5 keV polarized X-ray beam.A residual modulation of 1.96%±0.58% at 5.9 keV is observed for the entire sensitive area.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFA0210500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22374138 and 21977054).
文摘Cancer immunotherapy,specifically immune checkpoint therapy(ICT),has shown notable potential for treating malignant tumors[1,2].However,it is particularly ineffective in“cold”tumors like prostate and colorectal cancers,which are characterized by low levels of inflammation,high levels of immunosuppressive cells,and limited cytotoxic T-lymphocytes(CTLs)infiltration,leading to repeated failures of ICT[3,4].Recruiting dendritic cells(DCs)and CTLs to the tumor microenvironment to transform“cold”tumors into“hot”tumors has become an urgent focus in antitumor immunotherapy.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFA0210500)for H.S.Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2022A1515010133 and 2024A1515011373 to H.S.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31900033 to H.S.)forfinancial support.
文摘Comprehensive Summary.Atherosclerosis is a lipoprotein-driven disease.In-depth understanding of pathology and accurate identification are particularly important in clinical assessment and treatment due to the irreversibility of atherosclerotic plaque formation.Atherosclerosis is not only accompanied by lipid droplets accumulation but also closely related to inflammation,which is accompanied by excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS)and changes in microenvironment.However,there is still a lack of a simple and rapid detection platform to simultaneously evaluate multiple indicators of atherosclerosis in multiple channels.In this study,we propose a multicolor imaging probe Cy7P-B for polarity,H_(2)O_(2) and lipid droplets to evaluate atherosclerotic plaques in vivo.Cy7P-B is sensitive to environmental polarity and can monitor polarity changes by near-infrared ratio.Moreover,Cy7P-B has H_(2)O_(2)/lipid droplets dual-analyte sequential activation characteristics.Based on the multifunctional properties of Cy7P-B,the classical biomarkers of atherosclerotic plaque,lipid accumulation and up-regulation of oxidative stress are effectively detected in atherosclerotic plaques,and more importantly,the change of aortic polarity in atherosclerosis was detected for the first time.This work provides a general molecular design approach for multi-species imaging of AS,which is helpful for effective cardiovascular disease stewardship.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFA0210500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(21977054,21877102 and 91953107)
文摘Fluorescence imaging is a useful tool in the field of biomedical applications.However,its imaging capacity is limited by the depth of tissue that can be penetrated when using visible light(400-700 nm)or the first near-infrared window(NIR-Ⅰ,700-900 nm).To overcome the problem,fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window(NIR-Ⅱ,1000-1700 nm)has been developed to reduce photon scattering,auto-absorption and tissue autofluorescence to achieve high spatiotemporal resolution and deep imaging penetration.The key to NIR-Ⅱimaging is obtaining and analyzing highly selective information from functional fluorophores that emit in the 1000-1700 nm range.With the rapid development of multidisciplinary research,various types of NIR-Ⅱfluorophores have been produced and used in non-invasive,real-time NIR-Ⅱbiomedical applications.This review summarizes some of the most prevalent NIR-Ⅱfluorophores and their synthesis,such as organic fluorophores(OFs),single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs),quantum dots(QDs),and rare-earth nanoparticles(RENPs).On this basis,we describe the applications of these fluorophores in biomedical fields,including bioimaging,biosensing,phototherapy and surgical navigation.Additionally,major challenges and prospects of NIR-Ⅱbiomedical application will be further explored.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22174105 and 21974104)the National Key Research and Development(R&D)Program of China(No.2020YFA0908800)Large-scale Instrument and Equipment Sharing Foundation of Wuhan University.
文摘The long-wavelength region of the near-infrared-IIb(NIR-IIb,1,500–1,700 nm)imaging window has become an ideal window for in vivo imaging due to the suppressed photon scattering and near-zero autofluorescence of biological tissues.Therefore,it is necessary to develop fluorescent probes with excellent fluorescence performance and stability for NIR-IIb fluorescence imaging.In this work,zinc-doped silver telluride quantum dots(Zn:Ag_(2)Te QDs)with bright fluorescence in the NIR-IIb window were synthesized.The introduction of Zn dopants inhibited crystal defects and reduced non-radiative transitions.Therefore,the quantum yield and fluorescence lifetime of Zn:Ag_(2)Te QDs were significantly improved.In addition,Zn-doping increased the number of ligands on the surface of QDs,thus enhancing the colloidal stability of Zn:Ag_(2)Te QDs.Moreover,the PEGylated Zn:Ag_(2)Te QDs with high absolute quantum yield realized noninvasive imaging of cerebral vascular of mouse with high resolution able to distinguish blood capillary,which could be utilized to monitor the brain condition of mice after traumatic brain injury.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22293032,22293030,and 91859123)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFA0210500)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(63211023)the financial support from Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations.
文摘Viral envelope fusion with the host plasma membrane(PM)for genome release is a hallmark step in the life cycle of many enveloped viruses.This process is regulated by a complex network of biomolecules on the PM,but robust tools to precisely elucidate the dynamic mechanisms of virus-PM fusion events are still lacking.Here,we developed a quantitative single-virus tracking approach based on highly efficient dual-color labelling of viruses and batch trajectory analysis to achieve the spatiotemporal quantification of fusion events.This approach allows us to comprehensively analyze the membrane fusion mechanism utilized by pseudotyped severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)at the singlevirus level and precisely elucidate how the relevant biomolecules synergistically regulate the fusion process.Our results revealed that SARS-CoV-2 may promote the formation of supersaturated clusters of cholesterol to facilitate the initiation of the membrane fusion process and accelerate the viral genome release.
基金The project was supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation(51205117)PLA Naval Medical Center(No.20M0207).
文摘Purpose:The present study aimed to analyze the influence of muscle activation on lumbar injury under aspecific+Gz load.Methods:A hybrid finite element human body model with detailed lumbar anatomy and lumbar muscleactivation capabilities was developed.Using the specific+Gz loading acceleration as input,the kinematicand biomechanical responses of the occupant's lower back were studied for both activated and deactivated states of the lumbar muscles.Results:The results indicated that activating the major lumbar muscles enhanced the stability of theoccupant's torso,which delayed the contact between the occupant's head and the headrest.Lumbarmuscle activation led to higher strain and stress output in the lumbar spine under+Gz load,such as themaximum Von Mises stress of the vertebrae and intervertebral discs increased by 177.9%and 161.8%,respectively,and the damage response index increased by 84.5%.Conclusion:In both simulations,the occupant's risk of lumbar injury does not exceed 10%probability.Therefore,the activation of muscles could provide good protection for maintaining the lumbar spine andreduce the effect of acceleration in vehicle travel direction.
基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Grant No.XDA10011200.
文摘Background Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observation(JUNO)is one of the largest experimental facilities for neutrino detecting.As its main structure,the central detector contains 20 kiloton liquid scintillator filled in an acrylic shell,and there are 18,00020-inch photomultiplier tubes(PMTs)and 25,0003-inch PMTs covering the shell.Purpose As an independent photon detection system,3-inch PMTs have been required to have excellent resolution for the single photoelectron detection,high quantum efficiency,small transit time spread and low dark noise rate.Methods Two kinds of 3-inch PMTs from HZC Photonics and Hamamatsu have been investigated as candidates.A dedicated test system for 3-inch PMTs has been designed,and various characterization parameters have been studied.Conclusion The preliminary results show these PMTs can meet the requirements of JUNO.
文摘The growth and metastasis of malignant solid tumors depend closely on newblood vessels. Vasculogenic mimicry provides a special pathway of blood supply during theearly growth of malignant tumors, and real-time monitoring of its occurrence anddevelopment in vivo is important to clinical applications. However, there are few labelswith sufffcient brightness and stability in vivo to achieve high spatiotemporal resolutionimaging of deep tissue for noninvasive optical detection of vasculogenic mimicry in tumortissues. In this study, we constructed a high-brightness ffuorescent label with ffuorescence inthe near-infrared-II region, which can be used not only for in vivo tumor imaging but also fortissue section imaging. Real-time high-resolution imaging of tumor vessels has been achievedwith PbS quantum dots (QDs) surface-coupled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) (HRPQDs) by taking advantage of the low background autoffuorescence of tissue at the nearinfrared-II wavelength for in vivo and tissue section imaging. Qualitative and quantitativeanalysis of early blood supply patterns of tumor growth enables monitoring neovascularizationto accurate noninvasive identiffcation of benign and malignant solid tumors.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2024YFA1611700,2023YFA1606900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U1731239,12027803,12133003,12575201,12221005)+3 种基金the special funding for Guangxi Bagui Scholarsthe Guangxi Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.Guike FN2504240040)the Guangxi Talent Program(“Highland of Innovation Talents”)the Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education(Grant No.YCBZ2025045)。
文摘The low energy polarization detector(LPD)is a key component of the next-generation large-scale gamma-ray burst polarimeter,POLAR-2.It is designed for polarization observations of transient sources in the soft X-ray energy range with a wide field of view(FOV).To validate the key technologies required for wide-FOV X-ray polarization measurements,the cosmic X-ray polarization detector(CXPD)CubeSat was developed as a prototype for the LPD.The CXPD is equipped with two gas microchannel plate pixel detectors(GMPDs)that measure X-ray polarization via the photoelectric effect,where ejected photoelectrons produce ionization tracks in the gas,which are imaged to reconstruct their emission directions.Laboratory calibrations of the modulation factor and energy spectra were successfully performed using linear polarized X-ray sources at 2.98,4.51,6.40,and 8.05 keV.Since its launch in June 2023,the CXPD has successfully completed critical in-orbit technology verification.It has also performed polarization observations of two bright X-ray sources—Sco X-1 and the transient Swift J1727.8-1613—yielding constraints on their polarization degrees and angles.Notably,this was the first time that an anti-coincidence detector had been implemented in an X-ray polarimeter,enabling in-orbit verification of the charged-particle background rejection algorithm.These results demonstrate the feasibility of wide-field soft X-ray polarization measurements and provide essential guidance for the development of the LPD for the POLAR-2 mission,thereby advancing the frontier of X-ray polarization astronomy.
