Nonhuman primates are increasingly being used as animal models in neuroscience research.However,efficient neuronal tracing techniques for labeling motor neurons and primary sensory afferents in the monkey spinal cord ...Nonhuman primates are increasingly being used as animal models in neuroscience research.However,efficient neuronal tracing techniques for labeling motor neurons and primary sensory afferents in the monkey spinal cord are lacking.Here,by injecting the cholera toxin B subunit into the sciatic nerve of a rhesus monkey,we successfully labeled the motor neurons and primary sensory afferents in the lumbar and sacralspinal cord.Labeled alpha motor neurons were located in lamina IX of the L6–S1 segments,which innervate both flexors and extensors.The labeled primary sensory afferents were mainly myelinated Aβfibers that terminated mostly in laminae I and II of the L4–L7 segments.Together with the labeled proprioceptive afferents,the primary sensory afferents formed excitatory synapses with multiple types of spinal neurons.In summary,our methods successfully traced neuronal connections in the monkey spinal cord and can be used in spinal cord studies when nonhuman primates are used.展开更多
目的:分析单中心肾部分切除术治疗囊性肾癌的结果,并将其与监测、流行病学和最终结果(Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results,SEER)数据库进行对比,探究术后肾功能和肿瘤学结局。方法:纳入2010—2023年就诊于北京大学第三医院(Peki...目的:分析单中心肾部分切除术治疗囊性肾癌的结果,并将其与监测、流行病学和最终结果(Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results,SEER)数据库进行对比,探究术后肾功能和肿瘤学结局。方法:纳入2010—2023年就诊于北京大学第三医院(Peking University Third Hospital,PUTH)泌尿外科行肾部分切除术的囊性肾癌患者,收集临床资料并统计基线特征。分别采用肾动态显像和加入了中国种族系数的慢性肾脏病流行病学协作组(Chinese Coefficients for Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration,C-CKD-EPI)公式测定估算肾小球滤过率(estimated glomerular filtration rate,eGFR),并绘制肾功能的变化曲线,对患者进行随访,记录生存状态。纳入SEER数据库中2000—2020年的囊性肾癌病例,进行倾向性评分匹配(propensity score matching,PSM)以平衡与PUTH患者数据的差异,采用Kaplan-Meier方法描绘PUTH队列和SEER队列的肿瘤特异性生存率(cancer-specific survival,CSS)曲线。结果:PUTH患者队列和SEER数据库中的患者队列分别纳入了38例和385例患者,PSM后各筛选出31例和72例,患者的基线特征仅在肿瘤直径上差异有统计学意义(P=0.042)。PSM后在CSS上差异无统计学意义(P=0.556),SEER队列的中位随访时间为112.5个月,10年生存率为97.2%,PUTH队列的中位随访时间为57.0个月、10年生存率为100.0%。肾动态显像测定的eGFR与基于肌酐估算的结果差异无统计学意义(P=0.073);术前、术后短期、术后长期之间的eGFR差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),具体为术后短期肾功能下降,术后长期肾功能恢复。结论:肾部分切除术治疗囊性肾癌是安全可行的,具有较好的肾功能和肿瘤学结局。展开更多
基金supported by a grant from Ministry of Science and Technology China,No.2022ZD0204704(to WW)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82301572(to XZ)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2023M731202(to XZ)。
文摘Nonhuman primates are increasingly being used as animal models in neuroscience research.However,efficient neuronal tracing techniques for labeling motor neurons and primary sensory afferents in the monkey spinal cord are lacking.Here,by injecting the cholera toxin B subunit into the sciatic nerve of a rhesus monkey,we successfully labeled the motor neurons and primary sensory afferents in the lumbar and sacralspinal cord.Labeled alpha motor neurons were located in lamina IX of the L6–S1 segments,which innervate both flexors and extensors.The labeled primary sensory afferents were mainly myelinated Aβfibers that terminated mostly in laminae I and II of the L4–L7 segments.Together with the labeled proprioceptive afferents,the primary sensory afferents formed excitatory synapses with multiple types of spinal neurons.In summary,our methods successfully traced neuronal connections in the monkey spinal cord and can be used in spinal cord studies when nonhuman primates are used.
文摘目的:分析单中心肾部分切除术治疗囊性肾癌的结果,并将其与监测、流行病学和最终结果(Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results,SEER)数据库进行对比,探究术后肾功能和肿瘤学结局。方法:纳入2010—2023年就诊于北京大学第三医院(Peking University Third Hospital,PUTH)泌尿外科行肾部分切除术的囊性肾癌患者,收集临床资料并统计基线特征。分别采用肾动态显像和加入了中国种族系数的慢性肾脏病流行病学协作组(Chinese Coefficients for Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration,C-CKD-EPI)公式测定估算肾小球滤过率(estimated glomerular filtration rate,eGFR),并绘制肾功能的变化曲线,对患者进行随访,记录生存状态。纳入SEER数据库中2000—2020年的囊性肾癌病例,进行倾向性评分匹配(propensity score matching,PSM)以平衡与PUTH患者数据的差异,采用Kaplan-Meier方法描绘PUTH队列和SEER队列的肿瘤特异性生存率(cancer-specific survival,CSS)曲线。结果:PUTH患者队列和SEER数据库中的患者队列分别纳入了38例和385例患者,PSM后各筛选出31例和72例,患者的基线特征仅在肿瘤直径上差异有统计学意义(P=0.042)。PSM后在CSS上差异无统计学意义(P=0.556),SEER队列的中位随访时间为112.5个月,10年生存率为97.2%,PUTH队列的中位随访时间为57.0个月、10年生存率为100.0%。肾动态显像测定的eGFR与基于肌酐估算的结果差异无统计学意义(P=0.073);术前、术后短期、术后长期之间的eGFR差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),具体为术后短期肾功能下降,术后长期肾功能恢复。结论:肾部分切除术治疗囊性肾癌是安全可行的,具有较好的肾功能和肿瘤学结局。
