Neuron glia antigen-2(NG2)glia,also known as oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs),are essential for maintaining the normal function and structure of the central nervous system(CNS)due to their supportive role[1].Unde...Neuron glia antigen-2(NG2)glia,also known as oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs),are essential for maintaining the normal function and structure of the central nervous system(CNS)due to their supportive role[1].Under physiological conditions,NG2 glia are involved in myelination by differentiating into oligodendrocytes,which are responsible for forming the myelin sheath around axons[2].In addition,the NG2 glia can directly influence the activity of neuronal circuits by receiving synaptic input from neurons and generating action potentials[3].Under pathological conditions,such as in response to injury or disease,the NG2 glia proliferate and differentiate to replace damaged oligodendrocytes,contributing to the repair and regeneration of myelin[4].展开更多
针对多分量线性调频(Linear frequency modulated,LFM)信号,提出了一种基于多路欠采样的参数估计方法。采样过程由多个采样速率相同、采样时刻不同的模数转换器实现,总采样率可以低于信号的奈奎斯特采样率。基于欠采样序列乘积型模糊函...针对多分量线性调频(Linear frequency modulated,LFM)信号,提出了一种基于多路欠采样的参数估计方法。采样过程由多个采样速率相同、采样时刻不同的模数转换器实现,总采样率可以低于信号的奈奎斯特采样率。基于欠采样序列乘积型模糊函数的单频特性,可以通过峰值检测实现调频斜率的估计。根据估计出的调频斜率对各路欠采样序列进行解线调处理,可得到多频正弦信号。结合矩保持问题的求解方法以及对超定方程组的求解,可以根据解线调后的各路序列估计出原始LFM信号各分量的初始频率。本文方法能够根据亚奈奎斯特采样样本实现LFM信号的参数估计,并且运算简单、易于实现。仿真实验验证了其有效性和准确性。展开更多
The Internet of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(I-UAVs)is expected to execute latency-sensitive tasks,but limited by co-channel interference and malicious jamming.In the face of unknown prior environmental knowledge,defendin...The Internet of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(I-UAVs)is expected to execute latency-sensitive tasks,but limited by co-channel interference and malicious jamming.In the face of unknown prior environmental knowledge,defending against jamming and interference through spectrum allocation becomes challenging,especially when each UAV pair makes decisions independently.In this paper,we propose a cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning(MARL)-based anti-jamming framework for I-UAVs,enabling UAV pairs to learn their own policies cooperatively.Specifically,we first model the problem as a modelfree multi-agent Markov decision process(MAMDP)to maximize the long-term expected system throughput.Then,for improving the exploration of the optimal policy,we resort to optimizing a MARL objective function with a mutual-information(MI)regularizer between states and actions,which can dynamically assign the probability for actions frequently used by the optimal policy.Next,through sharing their current channel selections and local learning experience(their soft Q-values),the UAV pairs can learn their own policies cooperatively relying on only preceding observed information and predicting others’actions.Our simulation results show that for both sweep jamming and Markov jamming patterns,the proposed scheme outperforms the benchmarkers in terms of throughput,convergence and stability for different numbers of jammers,channels and UAV pairs.展开更多
针对多星定位系统对地面静态目标的无源定位误差分析问题,运用Fisher信息矩阵、Taylor级数、矩阵理论和统计理论,综合考虑时差、频差、卫星位置误差以及卫星速度误差,推导了到达时间差(time difference of arrival,TDOA)/到达频率差(fre...针对多星定位系统对地面静态目标的无源定位误差分析问题,运用Fisher信息矩阵、Taylor级数、矩阵理论和统计理论,综合考虑时差、频差、卫星位置误差以及卫星速度误差,推导了到达时间差(time difference of arrival,TDOA)/到达频率差(frequency difference of arrival,FDOA)联合定位误差克拉美·罗界(Cramer-Rao lower bound,CRLB)的简单表达式,以及三星单独TDOA定位误差的CRLB,进而给出了避免TDOA定位盲区的良好卫星构型设计的充分条件.理论分析与仿真结果表明:在单独TDOA定位场景下良好的构型能完全消除定位盲区,定位精度随主星-星下点连线与主星-副星连线的夹角逼近90°而逐渐提高;通过引入FDOA与TDOA联合定位也能有效避免定位盲区,提高定位精度.展开更多
考虑到天线选择(AS)具有实现简单和性能好等优点,通过仿真评估在不同中继策略场景下天线选择的性能。评估方法如下:中继站第1时隙采用最大比合并算法(MRC),第2时隙选择中继处理后具有最大信道增益的单天线进行信号传输。仿真结果表明:...考虑到天线选择(AS)具有实现简单和性能好等优点,通过仿真评估在不同中继策略场景下天线选择的性能。评估方法如下:中继站第1时隙采用最大比合并算法(MRC),第2时隙选择中继处理后具有最大信道增益的单天线进行信号传输。仿真结果表明:与现有的分布式空时码(DSTBC)和最大比合并、最大比合并和匹配滤波(MF)算法相比,最大比合并加天线选择混合方案在转发重传(AF)和译码重传(DF)策略下都能够提供更优的合速率与误码性能;并且在中继站采用译码转发策略时,该方案表现出优于采用放大转发策略的情形。例如,当误码率(SER)等于10-3时,译码转发策略具有1 d B的信噪比(SNR)增益。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32300959)a Guangzhou Scientific Research Grant(SL2024A04J00578)the SCNU Young Faculty Development Program(22KJ04).
文摘Neuron glia antigen-2(NG2)glia,also known as oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs),are essential for maintaining the normal function and structure of the central nervous system(CNS)due to their supportive role[1].Under physiological conditions,NG2 glia are involved in myelination by differentiating into oligodendrocytes,which are responsible for forming the myelin sheath around axons[2].In addition,the NG2 glia can directly influence the activity of neuronal circuits by receiving synaptic input from neurons and generating action potentials[3].Under pathological conditions,such as in response to injury or disease,the NG2 glia proliferate and differentiate to replace damaged oligodendrocytes,contributing to the repair and regeneration of myelin[4].
文摘针对多分量线性调频(Linear frequency modulated,LFM)信号,提出了一种基于多路欠采样的参数估计方法。采样过程由多个采样速率相同、采样时刻不同的模数转换器实现,总采样率可以低于信号的奈奎斯特采样率。基于欠采样序列乘积型模糊函数的单频特性,可以通过峰值检测实现调频斜率的估计。根据估计出的调频斜率对各路欠采样序列进行解线调处理,可得到多频正弦信号。结合矩保持问题的求解方法以及对超定方程组的求解,可以根据解线调后的各路序列估计出原始LFM信号各分量的初始频率。本文方法能够根据亚奈奎斯特采样样本实现LFM信号的参数估计,并且运算简单、易于实现。仿真实验验证了其有效性和准确性。
文摘方向调制(Directional modulation,DM)作为无线物理层安全传输的关键技术能够很好地提升系统的安全性能。然而,由于在角度测量过程中存在误差,因此需要在设计有用信号波束成形向量和人工噪声(Artificial noise,AN)投影矩阵时考虑角度误差,从而提升系统安全性能。本文首先描述了DM系统模型,然后介绍了到达角(Direction of arrival,DOA)估计技术、稳健波束成形设计的3种算法及功率分配技术。仿真表明:稳健波束成形合成方法的性能明显要优于非稳健合成方法,且有用信号和AN之间最优功率分配能明显提高安全速率性能。最后,对DM未来新的发展方向与所面临的挑战性等开放问题进行展望与总结。
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 62001225,62071236,62071234 and U22A2002in part by the Major Science and Technology plan of Hainan Province under Grant ZDKJ2021022+1 种基金in part by the Scientific Research Fund Project of Hainan University under Grant KYQD(ZR)-21008in part by the Key Technologies R&D Program of Jiangsu(Prospective and Key Technologies for Industry)under Grants BE2023022 and BE2023022-2.
文摘The Internet of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(I-UAVs)is expected to execute latency-sensitive tasks,but limited by co-channel interference and malicious jamming.In the face of unknown prior environmental knowledge,defending against jamming and interference through spectrum allocation becomes challenging,especially when each UAV pair makes decisions independently.In this paper,we propose a cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning(MARL)-based anti-jamming framework for I-UAVs,enabling UAV pairs to learn their own policies cooperatively.Specifically,we first model the problem as a modelfree multi-agent Markov decision process(MAMDP)to maximize the long-term expected system throughput.Then,for improving the exploration of the optimal policy,we resort to optimizing a MARL objective function with a mutual-information(MI)regularizer between states and actions,which can dynamically assign the probability for actions frequently used by the optimal policy.Next,through sharing their current channel selections and local learning experience(their soft Q-values),the UAV pairs can learn their own policies cooperatively relying on only preceding observed information and predicting others’actions.Our simulation results show that for both sweep jamming and Markov jamming patterns,the proposed scheme outperforms the benchmarkers in terms of throughput,convergence and stability for different numbers of jammers,channels and UAV pairs.
文摘针对多星定位系统对地面静态目标的无源定位误差分析问题,运用Fisher信息矩阵、Taylor级数、矩阵理论和统计理论,综合考虑时差、频差、卫星位置误差以及卫星速度误差,推导了到达时间差(time difference of arrival,TDOA)/到达频率差(frequency difference of arrival,FDOA)联合定位误差克拉美·罗界(Cramer-Rao lower bound,CRLB)的简单表达式,以及三星单独TDOA定位误差的CRLB,进而给出了避免TDOA定位盲区的良好卫星构型设计的充分条件.理论分析与仿真结果表明:在单独TDOA定位场景下良好的构型能完全消除定位盲区,定位精度随主星-星下点连线与主星-副星连线的夹角逼近90°而逐渐提高;通过引入FDOA与TDOA联合定位也能有效避免定位盲区,提高定位精度.
文摘目的探讨转录因子SETDB1、膜联蛋白A6(ANXA6)在膀胱癌患者中的表达水平及其临床意义。方法选取2012年5月至2013年5月于宜昌市第二人民医院进行手术治疗的53例膀胱癌患者,选取癌组织为膀胱癌组,另选取距癌组织边缘>5 cm的对应癌旁组织标本为癌旁组。采用qRT-PCR检测膀胱癌组织中SETDB1和ANXA6mRNA表达量,免疫组化法检测膀胱癌组织中SETDB1、ANXA6蛋白表达,Pearson法分析SETDB1、ANXA6之间的相关性。术后对患者进行5年随访,采用Kaplan-Meier法分析患者5年的生存情况。结果患者癌组织转录因子SETDB1 mRNA表达水平显著高于癌旁组织,ANXA6 m RNA表达水平显著低于癌旁组织。免疫组化结果显示膀胱癌组织中SETDB1蛋白阳性表达率(66.04%)显著高于癌旁组织(24.53%)(P<0.05),膀胱癌组织中ANXA6阳性表达率(43.39%)显著低于癌旁组织(84.90%)(P<0.05)。SETDB1在膀胱癌组织中的表达与性别、临床分期、浸润深度相关(P<0.05),ANXA6在癌组织中的表达与性别、临床分期相关(P<0.05)。Pearson法相关性分析显示SETDB1、ANXA6呈显著负相关;Kaplan-Meier分析结果显示SETDB1、ANXA6表达与膀胱癌患者无进展生存期(PFS)、总体生存期(OS)明显相关,SETDB1阴性表达PFS(54.36%)、OS(61.08%)显著高于阳性表达PFS(30.06%)、OS(38.77%),ANXA6阳性表达PFS(56.27%)、OS(65.09%)显著高于阴性表达PFS(33.14%)、OS(39.17%)。结论转录因子SETDB1在癌组织中高表达,ANXA6在癌组织中低表达,二者表达呈负相关,且与膀胱癌的发展与患者预后不良相关。
文摘考虑到天线选择(AS)具有实现简单和性能好等优点,通过仿真评估在不同中继策略场景下天线选择的性能。评估方法如下:中继站第1时隙采用最大比合并算法(MRC),第2时隙选择中继处理后具有最大信道增益的单天线进行信号传输。仿真结果表明:与现有的分布式空时码(DSTBC)和最大比合并、最大比合并和匹配滤波(MF)算法相比,最大比合并加天线选择混合方案在转发重传(AF)和译码重传(DF)策略下都能够提供更优的合速率与误码性能;并且在中继站采用译码转发策略时,该方案表现出优于采用放大转发策略的情形。例如,当误码率(SER)等于10-3时,译码转发策略具有1 d B的信噪比(SNR)增益。
